No abstract available.
Arthroscopy* ; Knee* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

BACKGROUND: A worshipper lives a well-regulated life with rigid discipline. This study aims at measuring the stress level of the acarins (preliminary monks) using BEPSI-K (Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument-Korea) and finding out their stress management. METHODS: One hundred forty six male acarins and 111 female acarins who participated in an educational program at a local temple in Sep. 2001 are included in this survey. Using BEPSI-K, we asked them how they use their spare time, their stress management and physical symptoms. SPSS ver. 10.1, one-way ANOVA and independent t-test were used for statistical process. RESULTS: Average BEPSI-K score was high among the age group of 15-19 by age (P<0.05). In academic career, the lower the average BEPSI-K score, the higher in education (P<0.01). In physical symptoms, the average score of headache (P<0.05), epigastric soreness (P<0.05), fatigue (P<0.01), GI problem (P<0.01) were significantly high. Prayer, Zen meditation, bowing, sutras study, and sound a wooden gong were counted as the stress management, which were not significant. CONCLUSION: The stress level of the acarins was lower than normal population. The physical symptoms from stress were significant. Zen meditation and prayer were similar to meditation as the stress management. Further study for releasing stress is needed.
Education ; Fatigue ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Male ; Meditation ; Religion

PURPOSE: Knee IVIR images were repeatedly obtained after intravenous administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine to evaluate the arthrographic effect and to determine the optimal scan timing and technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sagittal Tl-weighted (650/15) sequences were repeated before and after intravenous gadolinium enhancement in 26 patients who were divided into exercise (14/26) and nonexercise (12/26) groups. Fourteen patients in exercise group were allowed to move the affected knee joint actively for 10 minutes immediately after the first post-enhancement scan and before repeating scans. The signal intensities in central and peripheral portions of the joint were measured and compared between these two groups. RESULTS: In all cases, enhancement of joint fluid began at peripheral portion and progressed toward central portion. The diffusion rate in exercise group was far faster than that in nonexercise group and homogeneous arthrographic image was revealed within 10 minutes after completion of joint movement. The arthrographic effect continued and the rate of signal decrease was quite slow. CONCLUSION: MR arthrographic image of knee joint can be obtained within 10 minutes after completion of a few minute exercise following intravenous injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine. Intravenous MR arthrography is expected to become an useful method as a convenient alternative to direct MR arthrography.
Administration, Intravenous ; Arthrography* ; Diffusion ; Gadolinium ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Knee*

PURPOSE: To illustrate frequently encountered anatomic variations on PNS computed tomography(CT) and to assess their clinical significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT findings of 1523 patients, who underwent PNS CT with no history of sinus surgery, were reviewed, and prevalence of each anatomic variation and its relationship with mucociliary clearance pathway was evaluated. RESULTS: Two categories of anatomic variations were encountered. The first group included variations of the turbinates, such as concha bullosa(28.6% ), paradoxical middle turbinate(31.5%), of the uncinate process, such as medially bent or folded(36.3%), laterally bent(3.7%) or uncinate bulla(0.5%), of the ethmoidal sinus, such as Haller's ce11(28.2%), large agger nasi ce11(9.6%) or large ethmoidal bulla(23.5%) and nasal septal deviation(24. 1%), which might cause obstruction of mucociliary clearance pathway and thus give rise to secondary obstructive sinusitis. The second group included Onodi ce11(1.4%) and medial depression of the lamina papyracea (3.5%), which were not related with obstructive sinusitis. 87 cases of large agger nasi cell were associated with obstruction of nasofrontal recess. Large ethmoidal bulla(452 cases), Haller's ce11(245 cases) and true concha bullosa (25 cases) contributed to narrowing of the infundibulum. Medially bent uncinate process(220 cases), concha bullosa(157 cases), paradoxical middle turbinate(126 cases) and nasal septal deviation(93 cases) were observed in middle meatal obstruction and supreme concha (3 cases) accompanied sphenoethmoidal recess obstruction. CONCLUSION: Recognition of anatomic variations on PNS CT is important to build a treatment plan in patients with obstructive sinusitis as they may represent causes of the disease, and to avoid critical complications during functional endoscopic sinus surgery.
Anatomic Variation ; Depression ; Humans ; Mucociliary Clearance ; Prevalence ; Sinusitis ; Turbinates

No abstract available.
Lymphangioma* ; Mediastinal Cyst*

No abstract available.
Down Syndrome* ; Myeloproliferative Disorders*

BACKGROUND: It has been known that arterial carbon dioxide tension is 4~5 mmHg higher than end-tidal carbon dioxide tension in healthy adults during general anesthesia. But negative arterial to end-tidal PCO2 difference was reported in pregnant patients undergoing cesarean section. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the difference between arterial and end-tidal PCO2 in anesthetized patients with reduced functional residual capacity. METHODS: 90 patients were divided into 3 groups i.e. control group (n=30), obese group (n=20, body weight more than 20% greater than ideal weight), pregnant group (n=40). All patients had no cardiac or respiratory abnormalities and never smoked. Arterial blood gas analysis and measurement of end-tidal PCO2 were done 20 minutes after induction of anesthesia in control and obese group and just before uterine incision and 20 minutes after fetal delivery in pregnant group. RESULTS: There were significant correlations between arterial and end-tidal PCO2 in all groups. The incidences of negative arterial to end-tidal PCO2 difference were 10% in control group, 40% in obese group, 42.5% in pregnant group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: From this study, it is concluded that patients with reduced functional residual capacity have more incidences of negativity than normal patients in the values of arterial to end-tidal PCO2 difference during general anesthesia. So when the tight control of PaCO2 is required in patients with reduced FRC, we recommend to measure PaCO2 for better anesthetic management.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Body Weight ; Carbon Dioxide* ; Carbon* ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Functional Residual Capacity* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pregnancy ; Smoke

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B vaccination schedule commonly used in Korea is divided largely into 0, 1, 2 month scheduled vaccination group(0, 1, 2 group) and 0, 1, 6 month scheduled vaccination gorup(0, 1, 6 group). The only difference bet.ween two groups is the interval from 2nd dose to 3rd dose. This st,udy had been carried out, to find whether t.he difference of vaccination interval influence the vaccination complet,ion rate or not. METHODS: Study objects are 135 persons over 20 years old who had heptitis B vaccination more than once in injection room of Dongkuk University Kyong-ju Hospital from Jan. 1st in 1996 to Dec. 31th in 1996. Data about vaccination completion were gathered from record book of injection room and telephone interview. RESULTS: Hepatitis B vaccination completion rate is 73.8% in 0, 1, 2 group and 72.5% in 0, 1, 6 group. The reasons for incomplete vaccination are forgetting vaccinat.ion date(36.4% in 0, 1, 2 group and 50% in 0, 1, 6 group), having no time to spare for vaccination(54.5% in 0, 1, 2 group and 43% in 0, 1, 6 group) and knowing positive HBsAb before completion of scheduled vaccination(9.1% in 0, 1, 2 group and 7% in 0, 1, 6 group). CONCLUSIONS: There is no difference in Hepatitis B vaccination complet,ion rate bet.ween 0, 1, 2 group and 0, 1, 6 group.
Appointments and Schedules ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Korea ; Vaccination* ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: There are few studies on the musculoskeletal syndromes from PC use in teenagers. This study investigates the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and its risk factors in school age teenagers who spend time using personal computer with the purpose of preventing such condition. METHODS: The field study was conducted from January to March 2001 at seven PC Bangs in Kimchun. Three hundred twelve teenagers participated in the study. A questionnaire survey was done on how many hours of computer use in a day, their posture, and degree and site of musculoskeletal pain. A physician examined the pressure point around the neck and shoulder and measured the angle of neck, height of the elbow, inner angle of the elbow, angle of the wrist, the distance between the eyes and the monitor while using the computer. RESULTS: The average duration of computer use was 48.1 21.8 months. The average time spent on computer per day was 4.9 1.9 hours. The prevalence of myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) was 36.5% at the neck and shoulder. There was a statistically significant relationship between school grade and the prevalence of MPS at the neck and shoulder (P<0.05). Odds ratio of MPS between middle and high school students was 1.67 at the neck and shoulder (95% C.I: 1.02~2.74). The posture of computer use were not related to the musculoskeletal symptoms. However, there was a significant positive relationship between the average height of elbow and the prevalence of MPS at the neck and shoulder (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We found that posture of computer use and average time spent on computer was related to MPS, assuming that MPS could be increased by those factors. In order to prevent teenagers from MPS resulting from prolonged use of computer, it is essential to fit the desk and chair to their body configuration and instruct them to keep proper posture for computer use.
Adolescent ; Elbow ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Microcomputers* ; Musculoskeletal Pain ; Myofascial Pain Syndromes ; Neck ; Odds Ratio ; Posture ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Shoulder ; Wrist ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence and CT findings of the medial depression and bony dehiscence of lamina papyracea as an anatomic variation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 1472 PNS CTs of the patients with symptoms of chronic sinusitis were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: The total incidence of depressed lamina papyracea as an anatomic variation was 3.5%(52/1472) on PNS CT. There was a statistically significant correlation between the increasing age and the incidence of delamina papyracea. Depression of lamina papyracea anterior to the basal lamella were more common those of the posterior depression. Associated findings were herniation of adjacent fatty tissue in all cases and the roedial bowing and hypertrophied configuration of the medial rectus muscle without significant herniation in 19 cases(34%). CONCLUSION: Nontraumatic, asymptomatic depression with bony dehiscence of lamina papyracea as an anatomic variation is not uncommon with the incidence of 3.5%. Recognition of its existence and degree may helpful in avoiding various ocular complication during ethmoid surgery.
Adipose Tissue ; Anatomic Variation* ; Depression* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Retrospective Studies ; Sinusitis