Many people want to receive facial rejuvenation with surgical treatment, but the post operative result is not always satisfying following classic soft tissue surgery. The reasons for dissatisfaction are many. We were particularly interested in the skeletal disharmony which is frequent in orientals. Since many orientals have flat and quadrangular facial contours, they often don't obtain the harmony of the facial skeleton and soft tissue despite successful surgery. So, to correct facial contour, mandibular angle contouring can be performed at the time of face lift. Seven patients had mandibular angle resection performed during facial rhytidectomy from October of 1996 to October of 1998 at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, and they were followed from 4 months to 24 months. At the time of face lift, we tried the retromandibular approach for mandibular angle resection when it was indicated, instead of the intraoral approach which does not leave a noticeable scar and does not have the risk of facial nerve injury. Because of a restricted operative field, the intraoral approach has the disadvantages of a long operation time and a high risk of complications. The retromandibular approach with rhytidectomy incision showed neither noticeable scar nor developed a facial nerve injury. In conclusion, we found that mandibular angle contouring by retromandibular approach is easy and the result is more normal with a shorter recovery time. There were no complications and aesthetic results were quite satisfactory.
Cicatrix ; Facial Nerve Injuries ; Humans ; Rejuvenation ; Rhytidoplasty* ; Skeleton

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: A and B transferase are glycosyltransferase that transfer N-acetylgalactosamine and D- galactose to H antigen, respectively and lead to the expression of A and B phenotypes in ABO blood group system. Reduced or no activities of serum A and B transferase were observed in some A and B subgroup individuals. Determining the activities of serum A and B transferase can be useful in discriminating rare A and B subgroups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ABO typing, saliva test, adsorption elution test and serum transferase assay were performed on samples from 12 individuals showing ABO discrepancy or weakened cell typing reactions which were referred to the Seoul National University Hospital to confirm their ABO blood types. Serum transferase activity was assayed by determining the ability of serum to convert group 0 RBCs into A or B cells. RESULTS: Determination of serum ABO transferase activity was useful in the identification of Ael (3 cases), B. (2 cases), Bm (1 case), Am (1 case), Bx (1 case), 0 with weakened anti-A or anti-B (3 cases), and A without anti-B due to hypogammaglobulinemia (1 case). CONCLUSION: Determining serum A and B glycosyltransferase activity was proven to be a simple and useful tool for the classification of several ABO subgroups.(Korean J Blood Transfusion 10(1): 27-33, 1999)
ABO Blood-Group System ; Adsorption ; Agammaglobulinemia ; B-Lymphocytes ; Blood Transfusion ; Classification* ; Galactose ; Phenotype ; Saliva ; Seoul ; Transferases

Anti-M antibody is usually a naturally occurring antibody reacting optimally 4 degrees C and is not considered to be clinically significant. Rarely has anti-M been implicated in hemolytic disease of the newborn(HDN) and the true incidence of HDN due to anti-M has not been well delineated. Authors report the second case of hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-M in Korea. A 3-days old baby boy was admitted due to jaundice and severe anemia which were developed at birth. The blood type of his mother was A, CcDEe, Ns, while the blood type of the infant of was A, CcDEe, MNs. The mother's serum had anti-M which wits strongnly positive in room temperature and albumin phase. The reaction was only weakly positive in the antiglobulin phase. Direct antiglobulin test of baby's red cells was negative, while the serum was weakly positive in polyethylene glycol-Coombs test. The antibody was found to be partially IgG through the treatment with dithiothreitol. After an exchange transfusion and phototherapy, the anemia and jaundice were corrected and and the patient discharged at the age of 16.
Anemia ; Coombs Test ; Dithiothreitol ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Jaundice ; Korea ; Male ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Phototherapy ; Polyethylene

We report the results of the clinical and histologic and radiologic findings of the 17 patients who visited our hospital for the removal of the breast implants. Their mean ages were 45.9 and they visited our hospital 11.4 years after their operation of the breast implantation. In the 8 cases of the 17 patients, the contractures were seen and masses were palpated in the 4 cases. We also could find 1 case of the infection and 1 case of the abscess. There were the cases of the granuloma, siliconoma, calcification too. We find the radiologic examination before the removal of the implants in the 11 cases and could find the finding of rupture at the 9 cases (14 implants) but we confirmed that the number of the ruptured implants were 7 postoperatively. We reinserted new implants in the 12 cases and used saline filled textured implants. the number of the patients who want to remove the silicone gel implants is increasing with the reports of the doubt on the safety of the silicone gel. But there were on clear evidences of harmful effects of the silicone gel at now. We have to study more and need more experiences to used the more exact information to the patients.
Abscess ; Breast Implantation ; Breast Implants ; Breast* ; Contracture ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Rupture ; Silicone Gels*

The very rare D--/D-- phenotype lacks C, c, E, e antigens with strong expression of the D antigen. A 31-year-old woman delivered her second baby, 3.6 kg girl at 38+4 weeks' gestation through repeat-Cesarean section. Her parents were not consanguineous. She had one artificial abortion, one Cesarean section with red blood cell transfusion and two spontaneous abortions. Her red cells were typed as O, D+C-c-E-e- and did not react with anti-Hr(o) (Rh 17). Her serum reacted with all of the screening cells and identification panel cells with strength of (++)~(+++). The baby was mildly jaundiced 12 hours after delivery. At 1 day after delivery, total bilirubin was 17.7 mg/dL, and direct and indirect antiglobulin tests were both positive. Phototherapy was immediately given for the baby but jaundice and anemia were worsened. Twenty six milliliter of the mother's whole blood was given twice to the baby after plasma depletion and leukocyte reduction. The baby showed improvement of jaundice and anemia, and discharged at hospital day 14. As far as we know, this is the third reported case of hemolytic disease of the newborn occurred in the D--/D-- mother with anti-Hr(o) in Korea, and the first case that was neither fatal nor treated with intensive medical care.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Adult ; Anemia ; Bilirubin ; Cesarean Section ; Coombs Test ; Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Female ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Jaundice ; Korea ; Leukocytes ; Mass Screening ; Mothers ; Parents ; Phenotype* ; Phototherapy ; Plasma ; Pregnancy

Cis-AB (A2B3) is a rare genotype resulting from the inheritance of both A and B genes on one chromosome. Among possible genotypes of cis-AB, in individuals with O/cis AB and A1/cis-AB, the B antigen is usually weakly expressed. Study on a blood sample from a 13-year-old Korean girl showed a discrepancy between red blood cell and serum typing. The blood type was identified as AweakB on the red cell test, while weak anti-B was detected in the serum. Cis-AB (A2B3) was suspected, however, known blood types of her father and mother were A and O, respectively. In the repeated test, the propositus was typed as group A2B3. Her mother was typed as normal group O. Her father was typed as group A1 in cell typing, but in his serum, anti-B was very weakly detected. In the saliva test and adsorption and elution studies of the father, B substance was not detected. Finally, ABO genotyping was performed and ABO genotypes of the patient, mother and father were cisAB/O, O/O and cisAB/A1, respectively. This was the first reported case of A1/cisAB with phenotype A1. ABO genotyping technique will resolve problems encountered in association with unusual phenotype expression of cis-AB trait.
Adolescent ; Adsorption ; Child* ; Erythrocytes ; Fathers* ; Female ; Genotype ; Genotyping Techniques ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Phenotype* ; Saliva ; Wills

BACKGROUND: A and B transferase are glycosyltransferase that transfer N-acetylgalactosamine and D-galactose to H antigen, respectively and lead to the expression of A and B phenotypes in ABO blood group system. Reduced or no activities of serum A and B transferase were observed in some A and B subgroup individuals. Determining the activities of serum A and B transferase can be useful in discriminating rare A and B subgroups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ABO typing, saliva test, adsorption elution test and serum transferase assay were performed on samples from 12 individuals showing ABO discrepancy or weakened cell typing reactions which were referred to the Seoul National University Hospital to confirm their ABO blood types. Serum transferase activity was assayed by determining the ability of serum to convert group O RBCs into A or B cells. RESULTS: Determination of serum ABO transferase activity was useful in the identification of Ael (3 cases), B3 (2 cases), Bm (1 case), Am (1 case), Bx (1 case), O with weakened anti-A or anti-B (3 cases), and A without anti-B due to hypogammaglobulinemia (1 case). CONCLUSION: Determining serum A and B glycosyltransferase activity was proven to be a simple and useful tool for the classification of several ABO subgroups.
ABO Blood-Group System ; Adsorption ; Agammaglobulinemia ; B-Lymphocytes ; Classification* ; Galactose ; Phenotype ; Saliva ; Seoul ; Transferases

BACKGROUDNS: Concentration of bone marrow aspirates is an important prerequisite prior to infusion of ABO incompatible allogeneic marrow and prior to cryopreservation and storage of autologous marrow. We describe our experience in processing 39 bone marrow aspirates harvested for autologous and ABO incompatible allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) using the blood cell separator, and analyzed removal rates of the red blood cells and recovery rates of the mononuclear cells. METHODS: Between September 1992 and July 1998, 39 bone marrow aspirates were processed using CS3000 Plus (38/39) and COBE Spectra (1/39) cell separators. Among 39 bone marrow harvests, 25 cases were for autologous BMT and 14 cases were for allogeneic BMT with ABO incompatibility. Initial bone marrow and final bone marrow concentration product were analyzed for volume, hematocrit, WBC and mononuclear cell count by manual differential count. RESULTS: Within 60-120 min (mean 81 min), the initial marrow volume 1212 mL (+/-205 mL) was processed. A mean of 31.9% (+/-13.4%) of the initial nucleated cells and 70.1% (+/-27.0%) of initial mononuclear cells was recovered in a mean volume of 214 mL (+/-17 mL). This procedure effectively removed 97% of the red cells and 81% of the granulocytes. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that automated bone marrow processing with the blood cell separator was an effective method for collecting mononuclear cells while removing red blood cells, granulocytes, and plasma.
Blood Cells* ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Bone Marrow* ; Cell Count ; Cryopreservation ; Erythrocytes ; Granulocytes ; Hematocrit ; Plasma

From an aesthetic surgical point of view, rhinoplasty is one of most important field. The nose of asian is characterized by thin and weak nasal septal cartilage, wide and small alar cartilage, bulbous nasal tip due to excessive fibrous tissue and thick skin. Conventional rhinoplasty is not enough to get a satisfactory result. In order to produce optimal nasal shape, it is extremely important to augment the tip along with nasal dorsum in most of the patients. From March of 1997 to June of 1999, total 162 patient underwent open rhinoplasty with various nasal implants. Surgical approach was done through the transcolumella incision and alar rim incision. The nasal dorsum was augmented with silicone implant, and columella shape was controlled by 0.85-mm thickness porous high-density polyethylene sheet(Medpor). Porous high-density polyethylene sheet was 4mm width and was placed between the medial crura. The nasal tip was corrected by Polytetrafluoroethylene(Gore-Tex) implant. Reverse pyramidal shaped onlay graft of Polytetrafluoroethylene(Gore-Tex"") implant was not palpable on nasal tip skin. We obtained harmonious nasal shape and high patient satisfaction. There was two infection and one exposure of Polytetra- fluoroethylene(Gore-Tex) implant, but there was no other major complications. We believe that this method is stable, reliable, predictable, valuable technique for rhinoplasty, but we think that further follow up and study are needed.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cartilage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Inlays ; Nose ; Patient Satisfaction ; Polyethylene ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Rhinoplasty* ; Silicones ; Skin ; Transplants