Pathological study was performed on the 135 cases (137 lesion) of early gastric cancer (EGC) diagnosed during the period from 1970 to 1988. The gastrectomy specimens were obtained from Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan Paik Hospital. The statistical analysis was applied on the point of pathological and epidemiological aspects. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) The proportion of patients with EGC of all gastric cancer diagnosed in Pusan area during the period of 1970 to 1974 was 1.3%, those during 1975 to 1979 was 1.7%, those during 1980 to 1984 was 7.8%, and those during 1985 to 1988 was 20.0% respectively. 2) The model age group was 6th decade in both sexes. The average age of patients with EGC was 50. 1-year-old in men and 47. 9-year-old in women respectively. The sex ratio (M/F) was 2 : 1 but it was lower for young people than for old people. 3) The proportion of sites involved by the EGC in the stomach was as follows : the antrum 61%, the body 39%, and the cardia and fundus 0.01%. The intestinal type cancer more frequently involved the lower portion than the upper portion of the stomach. 4) Regarding the distribution of the gross types of EGC, the elevated group (Type I, IIa) accounted for 14%, the flat type (Type IIb) accounted for 4%, and the depressed group (Type IIc, III) accounted for 82%. There was no correlation between the gross type and the depth of the lesion. The elevated group was more frequent in intestinal type than in diffuse type. 5) The size distribution of the EGC was as follows : 46% of the lesions were smaller than 2.0 cm in diameter, 47% were between 2.1 to 5.0 cm, and 7% were larger than 5.1 cm. There was no correlation between the size of the lesion and the gross type. 6) The intestinal type of EGC was 77 lesions (56.2%) and the diffuse type 60 lesions (43.8%). The ratio of both types (I/D) was 1.3 : 1, and it was lower for younger people than for old people. 7) Ten of 135 cases (7%) had lymph node metastases. The metastatic rate of EGC confined to submucosa was much higher than that of EGC confined to mucosa only, but the metastatic rate was not related with the size of the lesion.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Stomach Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome*

Fracture healing in the hand is not an isolated goal. The functional end result is of paramount importance. When the correct techniques are used, miniplate fixation for metacarpal and phalangeal fractures of the hand provides rigid internal fixation, stabilizes the skeleton, preserves the gliding tissue, and therefore allowing immediate active range of motion exercise as well as minimizing joint and tendon complications. The authors have reviewed 39 patients, 52 cases of metacarpal and phalangeal fractures of the hand which were treated with miniplate in the department of orthopaedic surgery, Chang Ang Gil hospital from Sep. 1989 to Feb. 1993. The following results were obtained. 1. Miniplate fixation, in terms of fracture reduction and maintenance, allows on accurate anatomic reduction with rigid fixation which in turn affords on early mobilization without loss of reduction alignment. 2. The roentgenographic union was obtained within 15.1 weeks in average. The mean total acitve motion at the fractured finger was 230°. The complication rate was 11.5%. 3. In the treatment of metacarpal and phalangeal fractures of the hand, especially fractures of metacarpal bones, fixation with miniplate is considered to be an useful method in terms of getting fracture union and good range of motion with relative low complication rates.
Early Ambulation ; Fingers ; Fracture Healing ; Hand ; Humans ; Joints ; Metacarpal Bones ; Methods ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Skeleton ; Tendons

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the short-term outcomes between laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) and open liver resection (OLR) in elderly patients with hepatic tumors. Methods: From January 2013 to December 2019, a retrospective study was conducted for a total of 143 patients with over 70 years of age, who underwent liver resection for hepatic tumors. Forty-five patients who received biliary reconstruction at the same time were excluded. According to surgical approaches, 98 patients were classified into LLR and OLR groups. All postoperative complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo grading system and the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI). Results: Incidence of the postoperative complications was not statistically different between LLR and OLR groups. The CCI was significantly lower in the LLR group, with a median of 8.556, and a median of 19.698 in the OLR group (p=0.042). The length of hospital stay in the LLR group was significantly shorter than in the OLR group (p=0.008). Conclusion LLR is safe and feasible as a treatment for hepatic tumor in elderly patients with potentially less postoperative complications compared to OLR.

Electrocorticograms were recorded in cases with cases with epilepsies following procainization and eletrocoagulation of limited areas of cerebral cortex. Procainizaion of preoccipital cortical area, Brodmann's area 19, causes suppression of epileptiform discharge in the rest or ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere, motor, sensory and temporal areas. Conversely no suppression of electrical activity was observed in preoccipital leads following procainization of motor, senory or temporal areas. Electrocoagulation of preoccipital area also produced a regression of the abnormal cortical activities in the motor, sensory and temporal areas, which was the phenomenon identical with that following procainization of preoccipital area, and lasted weeks and months along with clinical improvement in symptomatology of epilepsy. Fifty-one cases of intractable epilepsy were treated surgically by the coagulation of preoccipital areas which were exposed through skull trephine hole with perforator in D'Errico trephine. It was noteworthty to emphasize that progressive normalization of electroencephalographic records of patients was obtained in months or years after the preoccipital coagulation. The surgical treatment of epilepsy in fifty-one cases was associated with freedom from seizures in three cases and clinical improvement in thirty-none cases. The purpose of surgical intervention upon preoccipital area was mainly based on blocking and suppressing the abnormal excessive neuronal discharge passing or spreading through the preoccipital cortical area over the rest of ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere.
Cerebral Cortex ; Cerebrum ; Electrocoagulation ; Epilepsy* ; Freedom ; Humans ; Neurons ; Seizures ; Skull

No abstract available.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone*

It has been suspected that the cannula of the ultrasonic generator became heated during liposuction, and that the heated cannula might possibly damage the soft tissues such as vessels, nerves and muscles. To confirm these suspicions, the actual temperature of the cannula was measured after being switched on, and the influence of the heated cannula on the soft tissues of 30 rabbits was studied macroscopically and microscopically. When the cooling system of ultrasonic generator was not operated, the temperature of a cannula tip increased to 100degrees C in 10 seconds, and the temperature of a cannula shaft did not increase over 40 degrees C. When the cooling system of the ultrasonic generator was operated, the temperature of the cannula tip increased to 70 degrees C in 20 seconds and to 100 degrees C in 1 minute. The stronger ultrasonic power was, the higher the temperature of the cannula tip was. When the heated cannnula tip touched the muscles, vesseles and nerves directly, the arterial and venous walls were perforated in about 20 seconds and 10 seconds, respectively. Gross changes of the muscles, such as color change and depression of the contacted area, were seen in about 30 seconds, and histological changes occurred in about 3 seconds. When adding the Klein solution, an infiltration solution for increasing the destructive effects of the ultrasound, the onset time of tissue damage was significantly shortened in vessels and nerves, but there was no significant difference in muscles. Although there was no finding of damage by the ultrasonic wave itself on the vessels, nerves, and muscles during ultrasonic liposuction, this study confirmed that the heated cannula could damage vessels, nerves, and muscles. Thus we must try to avoid placing the cannula at certain areas for more than 10 seconds douring the ultrasonic liposuction.
Catheters* ; Depression ; Hot Temperature ; Lipectomy* ; Muscles* ; Rabbits ; Ultrasonics* ; Ultrasonography

The number of post-irradiated surgical specimen appears to have risen in recent years due to the increasing utiliz ation of radiotherapy for cancer patients. Radiation therapy damages cells by its effects on the deoxyribonucleic acid and the spectrum of injury ranges from acute self-limited lesion to irreversible chronic lesion. We reviewed 24 cases of post-irradiated specimen and thought that time interval is the main factor influencing the morphologic change. Within six weeks, the individual cytologic changes such as biz arre nuclei, altered nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, amphophilic and vacuolated cytoplasm are noted. Chronic injury resulting from progressive changes in the fibrovascular tissue of the radiated area occur in six months after the initial course of radiation and the vascular changes of intimal thickening and fibrosis, foamy histiocytes within media, periadventital fibrosis and chronic inflammatory cells infiltration are present. Althouhg above mentioned finding are not pathognomonic, we thought them quite constant nd reproducible characteristics of radiation injury.

No abstract available.
Electric Stimulation* ; Epilepsy* ; Evoked Potentials*

A solitary, asymptomatic lesion, clinically resembling a transpare it cyst, has been present for 4 months in the vaginal mucosa of a 43-year-old healthy woman. An xcisional biopsy revealed the lesion to be a focal accumulatition of hyaluronic acid replacing the collagen fibers and fibroblastic proliferation in the dermis consistant with cutaneous focal mucinosis. During the follow-up period for 3 months, no recurrence was observed.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Collagen ; Dermis ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Mucinoses* ; Mucous Membrane* ; Recurrence