This study was conducted to identify the factors related to the blood pressure in school children. The study subjects were 144 boys and 140 girls aged 10 years old, 4th grade student of one elementary school in Taegu City. Blood pressure and 18 variables for 284 school children were measured in May 1992. A weight-for-height index, Rohrer index(weightlheighe) was calculated for each individual as a measure of obesity. Body fat percent, fat weight, and lean body mass were measured by impedance fat meter(Model SIF-891). Serum total cholesterol, higli-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, uric acid, total protein, and electrolyte were measured by automated clinical chemistry analyzer(Hitachi 4020). Low-density lipoprotein and atherogenic index were calculated by the equation. The variables assessed were sex, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, Rohrer index, body fat percent, body fat weight, lean body mass, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, uric acid, total protein, serum electrolyte and blood glucose. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures for boys were 104.1mmHg and 66.6mmHg and those for girls were 102.9mmHg and 67.5mmHg. Systolic blood pressure of boys was positively correlated with height, weight, Rohrer index, fat weight, lean body mass, and triglyceride. Systolic blood pressure of girls was positively correlated with height, weight, lean body mass, and uric acid. Diastolic blood pressure of boys was positively correlated with weight, Rohrer index, and lean body mass. Diastolic blood pressure of girls was positively correlated with height, weight, fat weight, and lean body mass and negatively with total serum protein. In multiple regression analysis for the systolic blood pressure, the significant independent variables were Rohrer index and serum sodium in boys, and serum uric acid, fat percent, and Rohrer index in girls. In multiple regression analysis of the diastolic blood pressure, the significant independent variables were Rohrer index in boys and total serum protein in girls. This study indicated that important factors influencing blood pressure in school children were Rohrer index, fat percent, serum sodium, uric acid, and total protein. Rohrer index was most important among these. It is recommended to enforce the nutritional education for diet control of obesity to prevent hypertention in children and to adopt healthy life-styles that promote good health and prevent development of cardiovascular risk factors.
Adipose Tissue ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure* ; Chemistry, Clinical ; Child* ; Cholesterol ; Daegu ; Diet ; Education ; Electric Impedance ; Female ; Humans ; Lipoproteins ; Obesity ; Risk Factors* ; Sodium ; Triglycerides ; Uric Acid

We present herein a case of sebaceous hyperplasia in a 55-year-old male, who showed multiple asymptomatic yellowish papules on the forehead and the cheeks. Histopathologic examination of a papule revealed numerous sebaceous lobules grouped around several enlarged sebaceous ducts. Three weeks of oral administration. of isotretinoin 40 mg per day brought marked improvement.
Administration, Oral ; Cheek ; Forehead ; Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Isotretinoin* ; Male ; Middle Aged

We experienced three cases of non-giant congenital nevus. They showed zosteriform or heart-shaped grouping of pigmented papules which were pierced by hairs. Histopathologic examination disclosed nevus cell infiltration in and around hair follicles and in the upper two thirds of reticular dermis. We would like to report these cases as follicle-centered spotted grouped pigmented nevi.
Dermis ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Nevus ; Nevus, Pigmented*

No abstract available.
Rectal Fistula*

The author attempted to allelic association between the a1 allele of Dopamine D2 receptor and alcoholism in Korean. The allelic disribution of Taq I polymorphism of the D2 dopamine receptor gene with alcoholism was examined in 67 Korean alcoholics and compared with 100 Korean controls. In alcoholics, the numbers of alcoholics with A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2 were 11(16.4%), 30(44.8%) and 26(38.8%) respectively and in control with A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2 were 17(17.0%), 42(42.0%), respectively. The prevalence of the A1 allele in alcoholics was 61.2% and 59.0% in controls. And the frequency of the A1 allele in alcoholics and controls were 0.39 and 0.38, respectively. There was not significant difference in the frequency of the A1 allele between alcoholics and controls. This data suggest that the A1 allele is not associated with alcoholism in Koreans. The author conclude that our data do not support on allelic association between the A1 allele at Dopamine D2 receptor and alcoholism. Further systemized studies will be necessary to determine whether the role of allele of Dopamine D2 receptor is major effect gene or modifying effect gene in the pathogenesis of alcoholism.
Alcoholics* ; Alcoholism ; Alleles ; Dopamine* ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Receptors, Dopamine ; Receptors, Dopamine D2

The wrist consists of a complex structure, including 8 tiny carpal bones and their adjoining soft tissue. Recently the number of injuries of carpal joint is on the increase by accident in leisure or by industrial accident. Carpal bone fracture or dislocation is often mistakably identified as a sprain, which is liable to lead its opportune time to care. So, we analyzed 39 cases to which long-term follow-up was available, among 44 cases which were treated at the department of orthopedic surgery, Yonsei University medical college. The results were as follows; l. Of all 44 cases, 42 were males, and males in 30, 40 decades numbered 32 cases, forming 73 % of all. 2. Of 29 scaphoid fractures, 22 cases were mid 1/3 fractures, and of 15 perilunate dislocation, 10 cases were dorsal transscaphoid perilunate dislocations. 3. Among 39 cases which long-term follow-up was available in the classification by Soto-Hall, 18 cases were acute, in 21 cases treatment was started beyond 2 weeks later after injury. 4. The more delayed diagnosis, the longer period needed bone union for scaphoid fracture. 5. All scaphoid fractures including transscaphoid perilunate dislocation, showed a union rate of 94.3%, and were complicated by 2 non-unions, 3 avascular necrosis, 1 osteoarthritis and one case accompanied an incomplete median nerve injury. So, initial careful evaluation is needed to good prognosis of scaphoid fracture.
Accidents, Occupational ; Carpal Bones ; Carpal Joints ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Dislocations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leisure Activities ; Male ; Median Nerve ; Necrosis ; Orthopedics ; Osteoarthritis ; Prognosis ; Sprains and Strains ; Wrist

BACKGROUND: Tracheal extubation causes hypertension and tachycardia. In susceptable patients, even this short period of hypertension and tachycardia can result in myocardial ischemia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of esmolol and diltiazem in attenuating cardiovascular responses to tracheal extubation. METHODS: Changes in heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured during extubation and emergence from anesthesia in 60 ASA physical status I patients to assess the effect of esmolol and diltiazem. The patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n=20 for each group) : saline 5 ml (as a control), 0.2 mg/kg diltiazem and 1.5 mg/kg esmolol. These medications were given 2 min before tracheal extubation. RESULTS: Both groups of diltiazem and esmolol were greater attenuating effect on changes of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure than control group. The inhibitory effect on changes of heart rate was greater with esmolol than diltiazem, but the attenuating effect on changes of systolic blood pressure was greater with diltiazem than esmolol. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that a bolus dose of intravenous diltiazem 0.2 mg/kg or esmolol 1.5 mg/kg given at 2 min before extubation was of value in attenuating the cardiovascular changes occuring in association with tracheal extubation and emergence from anesthesia. Esmolol is more effective than diltiazem in attenuating the heart rate changes. Diltiazem is more effective than esmolol in attenuating the systolic blood pressures changes.
Airway Extubation* ; Anesthesia ; Blood Pressure ; Diltiazem* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Tachycardia

Distal radioulnar is a part which has a rotational movement through the function of distal radioulnar joint and extensor carpi ulnaris. The injury mechanism in this area is usually a trauma largely due to traffic accidents. In general these injuries to the distal radioulnar joint are treated by a closed reduction. However, the isolated distal ulnar fracture without radial fracture, which is often called the night stick fracture, is difficult to treat by a closed reduction and a cast immobilization alone, especially if there is a displacement or fracture segment impinging soft tissue or severe comminution. Nonunion has been the frequent outcome with this method of treatment and limitation of rotation of forearm and distal radioulnar joint have occurred due to long period of immobilization or malunion. Thus, a different treatment modality such as open reduction and internal fixation and early active joint motion has arisen as a better treatment modality. In this study, 8 cases of isolated distal ulnar fracture without radial fracture have recieved the operation and the early active joint movement, if a displacement was present either at the time of injury or after the initial closed reduction. As a result, this method has enabled the patients to reduce the rate of complication of nonunion and to recover limitation of joint motion in a shorter time period.
Accidents, Traffic ; Forearm ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Joints

No abstract available.
Extremities* ; Hemangioma*

Supracondylar fracture is the most freqent injury of the elbow and frequently accompany complications in children. This injuries require meticulous care during first week period for the prevention of complications. Sixty cases of supracondylar fracture in children treated and managed at the Orthopedic Surgery, Taegu Presbyterian Hospital during the period from 1962 to 1970 The most cases were treated conservatively and various method of treatment were adapted according to the condition of the fracture. All obtained satisfactory bone union but six cases of them resulted gun-stock deformity (reversed carrying angle) of the elbow, Two of these underwent supracondyIar wedge osteotomy and gained satisfactory corrections.
Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Daegu ; Elbow ; Humans ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Osteotomy ; Protestantism