This study was carried out to obtain the basic data for the preverition of chronic poisoning by organic phosphate pesticides. 6 sprayers who participated in the summer pest control programs of Jeonju city were chosen as the subjects in this study. Pesticides which were spread in the period of study are DDVP (1.09%), dursban (1.8%) and dibrom (1.9%). And from May 16, 1983 to Aug. 22, 1983, plasma cholinesterase activity, hematological and biochemical parameters were measured with several physical examinations for each sprayers and controls. Majors findings are as following; 1. Before pesticides were sprayed, plasma cholinesterase were 7.32+/-6 microM/20microliter/hr. in sprayers and 7.13+/-1.39 microM/20 microliter/hr. in the control group(p>0.05). 2. At 60th day of spraying, plasma cholinesterase activity of sprayers was 6.78+/-2.01 microM/20 microliter/hr. Which is significantly decreased from the pre-exposed value(p<0.01), but plasma cholinesterase activity in the control group was not changed. 3. The specific findings which suggested to organophosphorous poisoning were not found through the period of study. 4. Hematological and bichemical parameters were not significantly changed in the both groups.
Chlorpyrifos ; Cholinesterases* ; Dichlorvos ; Jeollabuk-do ; Naled ; Occupations* ; Pest Control ; Pesticides* ; Physical Examination ; Plasma* ; Poisoning

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Among the postoperative complications of Caldwell-Luc operation, maxillary cysts are sometimes difficult to manage properly by conventional revision Caldwell-Luc procedure. However, with the advent of endoscopic procedures, the technique of intranasal fenestration operation through the inferior meatus has been improved. This study evaluate the surgical results of inferior meatal fenestration operation and examines the clinical indication of this technique. The authors also review surgical cases of postoperative maxillary cyst. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We reviewed 58 cases of postoperative maxillary cyst which were treated surgically in the last 10 years. We analyzed their chief complaints such as sex, age, duration between the initial surgery and the presentation of the symptoms, symptom relief after revision surgery, and the recurrence rate of each surgical techniques. Sites of the cyst in the maxillary sinus and the existence of the septa were analysed radiologically by using computed tomograms of paranasal sinuses. Fourty-eight cases received inferior meatal fenestration operation and 12 cases received revision Caldwell-Luc operation. RESULTS: Inferior meatal fenestration operation could be best indicated in the patients with bulging cysts in the inferior meatus. However, the non-bulging cysts which tare in contact with the inferior metus and those with the inferior metus and those with incomplete septa were also treated with the inferior meatal fenestration operation without recurrence. Comparing with the revision Caldwel-Luc procedure, the inferior meatal fenestration operation was less time consuming and provided less postoperative discomfort for the patients. Also, since the operation is carried out under the direct endoscopic control, fine procedures and the removal of septa in the cysts were possible. CONCLUSIONS: For inferior meatal fenesration operation, the need for a pre-operative endoscopic nasal examination and an evaluation of comography should be emphasized before selecting the suitable method of treatment. Inferior meatal fenestration operations appear to be the most suitable treatment for cases where cysts bulge into the inferior meatus.
Humans ; Maxillary Sinus ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Postoperative Complications ; Recurrence

The incidence of a primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma in western countries is about 1% of all the intracranial tumors and has increased 2.2% over the last decade. A similar pattern of increased frequency is observed in Korea. Although most CNS lymphomas in western countries are high grade tumors carrying poor prognosis, the clinicopathologic features of the Korean CNS lymphoma have not been well studied. We report clinicopathological features of 18 cases of histologically proven primary brain lymphoma. The mean age of the patients was 50 years and there was no sex difference. The clinical and radiological characteristics included multiple site of occurrence, infrequent extracranial spread, and frequent seeding via cerebrospinal fluid. No patients were immune-compromised host. Of 18 cases, 15 cases were of B-lineage and 2 cases were of T-lineage. According to REAL classification, there were 12 cases of diffuse large B cell lymphoma, two cases of B cell lymphomas of small lymphoid cell, and two cases of peripheral T cell lymphoma, unspecified. The remaining subtypes were not subclassified because of inadequate material. Pleomorphic cytologic features and necrosis of varying extent were frequent in the cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. These results suggest that overall clinicopathologic features of primary malignant lymphomas of the central nervous system in Korea are similar to those of western countries.
Brain ; Central Nervous System* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Classification ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; Necrosis ; Prognosis ; Sex Characteristics

PURPOSE: Despite recent progress in the procedures of revascularization, acute limb ischemia continues to account for a wide variety of complications, culminating very often in limb loss or death. These poor results after treatment of acute limb ischemia still remains a major challenge in vascular surgery. METHOD: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk factors for early limb loss in acute limb ischemia, the clinical data of 87 limbs (8 upper and 79 lower limbs) in 83 patients. that underwent revascularization for acute limb ischemia at Yeungnam University Hospital from January 1995 to February 2003 were analyzed retrospectively. A Log-Rank test of Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard analysis were performed to identify those main effects predictive of amputation free survival. RESULT: The patients, 78 males and 9 females, ranged from 30 to 83 years of age, with a mean age of 67. The highest incidence occurred among people in their 50s and 60s. The underlying causes of acute limb ischemia were arterial embolism in 42 limbs (42/87, 48.2%), arterial thrombosis in 36 (36/87, 41.3%), bypass graft occlusion in 9 (9/87, 10.3%). The primary sources of embolism were cardiac origin in 25 cases (25/42, 59.5%), aneurysmal origin in 2 (2/42, 4.8%) and unknown origin in 15 (15/42, 35.7%). As for the severity of ischemia according to SVS/ISCVS classification, 40 limbs (40/87, 46.0%) were classified as category IIa, 39 (39/87, 44.8%) as category IIb, and 8 (8/87, 9.2%) as category III. For the treatment, 66 thromboembolectomies (including 20 cases treated with intraoperative thrombolytic therapy), 19 arterial bypasses and 2 catheter directed thrombolytic therapies were performed. There were 13 major amputations and 8 mortalities at 6 months after revascularization. Cumulative 15 day, and 1, 2, 4, and 6-month amputation-free survival rate of all survival patients were 88.8%, 85.7%, 83.9%, 83.9% and 81.4% respectively. Among the univariate analysis of 26 clinical variables, 10 factors were identified as being associated with amputation-free surviva: age (P=0.01), preoperative tissue gangrene (P=0.03), preoperative skin color change (P=0.00), preoperative muscle status (P=0.00), preoperative motor and sensory deficit (P=0.00, P=0.00), severity of ischemia by clinical category (P=0.00), symptom duration (P=0.02), length of occlusion (P=0.01), and cause of occlusion (P=0.01). In multivariate analysis, age (P=0.04), and preoperative skin color change (P=0.00) predicted a poorer response to therapy. The major limb amputations were performed in 2 limbs (2/41, 4.9%) of the emboli group, and 11 limbs (11/42, 26.2%) of the thrombi group. For the limb with thrombosis, the major limb amputations were performed in 9 limbs (9/26, 34.6%) of the thromboembolectomy group and in 2 limbs (2/16, 1.3%) of the arterial bypass group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that prompt and appropriate treatment is critically important in the management of acute limb ischemia. In thrombi cases Especially, a more aggressive surgical approach may be necessary for limb salvage.
Amputation ; Aneurysm ; Catheters ; Classification ; Embolism ; Extremities* ; Female ; Gangrene ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ischemia* ; Limb Salvage ; Male ; Mortality ; Multivariate Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Skin ; Survival Rate ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; Thrombosis ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Cryptococcosis* ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung*

No abstract available.
Cryptococcosis* ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung*

Infection of a prosthetic vascular graft is a perilous complication, difficult to eradicate, and if not recognized or adequately treated eventually caused the prosthesis to malfunction, often with life- threatening hemorrhage. Authors retrospectively evaluated the 17 cases of prosthetic vascular graft infection to determine treatment modalities of graft infection from May 1983 to April 1997 at department of surgery, Yeungnam University Hospital. Aortic and peripheral vascular graft infection were 2 and 15 cases, and mortality rate were 50% and 13.3%, respectively. Amputation rate was 13.3% in peripheral vascular graft infection. Most of the patients had experienced symptoms and signs of infection, such as fever, leukocytosis, pus discharge, wound disruption and/or bleeding due to anastomotic disruption. The Most common pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus(12 cases) and others were Staphylococcus epidermidis(4 cases), Escherichia coli(1 cases). The most common site of infection was inguinal area(7 cases) that associated with repeated operation for thromboembolectomy. The diagnosis was made with Duplex ultrasonography, computed tomography and sinography. In one case of aorto-iliac bypass, graft-cutaneous fistula was found by sinography. Treament modalities were local antibiotic soaking dressing only (4 cases), rotational muscle flap(1 case), graft excision with revascularization(4 cases), and graft excision without revascularization(6 cases) in peripheral graft infection and aortic graft excision with extra-anatomic bypass graft(2 cases) in aortic graft infection with systemic antibiotic administration. In conclusion, prevention of vascular graft infection and early diagnosis of infection are very important. The time to infection after operation, infection sites, bacteological pathogens and general condition of patients are also important to select treatment modalities, such as local care only, muscle flap application, interposition graft, and removal of graft with or without revascularization.
Amputation ; Bandages ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Escherichia ; Fever ; Fistula ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Leukocytosis ; Mortality ; Prostheses and Implants ; Retrospective Studies ; Staphylococcus ; Suppuration ; Transplants ; Ultrasonography ; Wounds and Injuries

External compression of the celiac artery by the median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm has been reported to result in a varient of chronic intestinal ischemia since 1963 by Harjola. Diaphragmatic compression of the celiac axis is frequently reversible and varies with respiration. The diagnosis remains one of exclusion and should be made only with very careful deliberation. Authors experienced only one case of celiac axis syndrome at Yeungnam University Hospital recently and reviewed literatures. A 29-year-old young tall and slender man complained of prolonged postprandial epigastric pain and an epigastric bruit especially during expiration for 10 years. Angiography demonstrated significant narrowing at the origin of the celiac artery. At operation, 1 cm distal portion of the celiac artery to the origin was found to be compressed by the median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm and ganglion nerve fibers, and these were divided. After division of the ligament, the blood flow through the celiac axis was increased and common hepatic artery was dilated grossly. Seven days later after surgery, abdominal pain was recurred following oral intake. So, we performed cine-angiogram of the celiac axis and found persistent the stenotic lesion, and then we performed percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation. After this procedure, the patient has remained well and free of pain.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Angiography ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Celiac Artery ; Diagnosis ; Diaphragm ; Dilatation ; Ganglion Cysts ; Hepatic Artery ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Ligaments ; Nerve Fibers ; Respiration

Ma-huang (Ephedra sinica) is a herb that exhibits sympathomimetic activity. We report a patient with acquired myopathy following ingestion of a Ma-huang-based herbal remedy for 6 months. A 50-year-old woman was admitted for progressive muscular weakness. An electrodiagnostic study and muscle biopsy sampling revealed generalized active myopathy with nonspecific inflammation. It appears that Ma-huang, along with Raynaud's phenomenon and pericardial effusion, may be a causative agent of myopathy. As such, attention should be paid to the possibility that herbal medication with Ma-huang can result in myopathy.
Biopsy ; Eating ; Ephedra ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Weakness ; Muscles ; Muscular Diseases ; Pericardial Effusion

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has been regarded as one of the main elements among air pollutants, and we measured NO2levels of near gas range, kitchen, living room and outdoor on 489 apartments in Pusan area. NO2were sampled by using Palmes tubes (diffusion tube sampler) during August 16-25, 1995 (summer) and January 15-29, 1996 (winter), respectively. Authors wanted to know comparison of NO2levels in summer and winter, NO2 levels categorized by variables, and variables affected to NO2levels. According to this study, we conducted to establish the degree of indoor-outdoor air pollution of urban apartments in Korea and methods to reduce indoor air pollution. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1) Mean NO2levels of near gas range, kitchen, living room, and outdoor were 25.9+/-10.0 ppb, 23.3+/-8.0 ppb, 19.9+/-6.1 ppb, and 19.0+/-6.0 ppb in summer, and 34.5+/-16.8 ppb, 28.2+/-13.4 ppb, 25.3+/-12.5 ppb, 21.8+/-9.8 ppb in winter, respectively. 2) Mean NO2levels according to the floor levels were not significantly different in summer, and in winter, NO2levels were decreased as the floor levels were increasing, but those were increased above 16th floor. 3) Variables showing significant correlation (p<0.05) with NO2levels were as follows; Summer: floor level, family size, number of family during a meal, number using gas range during rice cooking per day, and natural ventilation. Winter: floor level, family size, number of person who have been respiratory disease in a house, number of family during a meal, total number of meals, and number using gas range during rice or side-dish cooking per day. 4) We suggest that the methods of reducing indoor NO2levels are ventilation during cooking, complete combustion, decreasing number and time of cooking, and substitution of fuels.
Air Pollutants ; Air Pollution ; Air Pollution, Indoor ; Busan ; Cooking ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Korea ; Meals ; Nitrogen Dioxide ; Ventilation