No abstract available.
Folic Acid* ; Homocysteine* ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus*

No abstract available.
Addison Disease*

solated ACTH deficiency is a very uncommon cause of hypoadrenocorticism, with less than 200 cases reported in the literatures. The clinical presentation can be similar to that of primary adrenal insufficiency, but there is a greater tendency for hypoglycemia and absence of hyperpigmentation. The diagnosis is established by demonstrating hypocortisolism with undetectable serum levels of ACTH, normal adrenal responsiveness to prolonged ACTH infusion, and an absent ACTH response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Other endocrine function is normal.We experienced a case of isolated ACTH deficiency in 34 years old female who was admitted due to fever and drowsy mentality.So we present this case with a review of literatures.
Addison Disease ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Hypoglycemia

No abstract available.
Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroiditis*

OBJECTIVE: Thyroid nodule is frequent and occurs in about 5+ACU- of the general population. In contrast, thyroid cancer is much less frequent and occurs in about 5-10+ACU- of thyroid nodules. Distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions is an important task that is best accomplished by fine needle aspiration. Recently, Chiappetta et al. reported that the expression of the high mobility group (HMG) I(Y) proteins correlates with the malignant phenotype of human thyroid neoplasia, and suggested that the detection of the HMG I(Y) proteins might be a valid tool for an easy and sensitive discrimination assay between benign and malignant neoplastic thyroid disease. METHODS: We evaluated the expression of the HMG I(Y) mRNA in 39 frozen thyroid tissues from patients with thyroid nodule by semiquantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: The expression of the HMG I(Y) mRNA was low in all of 10 normal thyroid tissues. In all of 3 adenomatous goiters, 6 follicular adenomas and 2 Hurthle cell adenomas, the HMG I(Y) mRNA expression level was low. In 11 of 13 papillary carcinomas and all of 5 follicular carcinomas, the HMG I(Y) mRNA expression level was high. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that there is a correlation between the expression of HMG I(Y) and the malignant phenotype of thyroid cancer, suggesting that these proteins may be useful as a marker in thyroid cancer.
Biopsy, Needle ; Comparative Study ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; High Mobility Group Proteins/analysis+ACo- ; Human ; Male ; Probability ; RNA, Messenger/analysis+ACo- ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics+ACo- ; Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis+ACo- ; Thyroid Nodule/genetics+ACo- ; Thyroid Nodule/diagnosis+ACo- ; Tumor Markers, Biological/analysis+ACo-

Eruptive neonatal hemangiomatosis is an uncommon disorder, which is divided into two types according to the extent of involvement: Benign type with cutaneous hemangiomatosis only and diffuse type with widespread hemangiomas of skin and viscera. The organs commonly affected are the gastrointestinal tract, brain, liver and lung. The Diffuse type is often fatal. We herein report a case of eruptive neonatal hemangtomatosis with cutaneous and hepatic involvement. The size of the hepatic arteriovenous malformation was markedly decreased after 2 months' therapy with oral prednisolone.
Arteriovenous Malformations ; Brain ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hemangioma ; Liver ; Lung ; Prednisolone ; Skin ; Viscera

Commonly, the lateral canthus is located higher than medial canthus and many people are often shown short lateral palpebral fissure. This seemed to be shown as wild, anxious, and pierced eye. Many surgeons have made desperate efforts to improve this by anchoring lateral canthus to lower part of orbital bone. But, authors would like to show the two-third portion of the lateral lower eyelid by anchoring to capsulopalpebral fascia via transconjunctival approach. Authors performed this operation since 2009 and first named it by "Nun-Mit-Teuim" in Korean. Key of this operation is that anchoring of the lower tarsus and capsulopalpebral fascia via transconjunctival approach without resection of skin. It is not necessary to remove a redundant conjunctiva. Commonly, the lateral canthoplasty is performed simultaneously to descend a lower eyelid easily. After the operation, it can be observed that the lower eyelid lift up a little bit for 1~2 weeks and redundant conjunctiva will be constricted in several months. The operation is defined as anchoring the lower tarsus to capsulopalpebral fascia. The limit of the operation is it cannot change the position of the lateral canthus. Over-lowering the lower eyelid to increase palpebral fissure, results in scleral show and unfavorable line. Thus, it is important that surgeons should remind the purpose and limitation of this operation.
Animals ; Ankle ; Conjunctiva ; Eye ; Eyelids ; Fascia ; Isothiocyanates ; Orbit ; Skin

Diabetes mellitus has approached to us as a social epidemic in Korea. The prevalence of diabetes in Korea has increased five to six-fold from 1.5% to 7~9% during the past 30 years. This increasing rate is remarkably high in comparison with those of developed countries such as the USA- doubled during the past 30 years. In addition, diabetic complication is very common in Korean diabetic patients. For example, a total of 70.5% among new patients who were started with renal replacement therapy had diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, diabetes-related mortality has rapidly increased over the last 20 years. The age-sex adjusted mortality rate of diabetic patients was about three-fold higher than those of general population. As a result, medical cost of diabetes mellitus covered by the national health insurance corporation was 3.2 trillion won and accounted for 19.2% of all medical costs. On the other hand, the rate of awareness and treatment in diabetic patients has improved from 1998 to 2005. However, the proportion of adequate glycemic control (HbA1c < 7%) among the treated diabetic patients was only 40%. The comprehensive and integrated health intervention including public approach is urgently needed to control the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its related undesirable outcomes.
Developed Countries ; Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Hand ; Humans ; Korea ; National Health Programs ; Prevalence ; Renal Replacement Therapy