BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Many studies have revealed that eating frequency influences the total serum cholesterol level, glucose tolerance and obesity. Hypothesizing that an increase in eating frequency decreases the prevalence of metabolic syndrome with total energy intake adjusted, we evaluated the association between eating frequency and the risk of metabolic syndrome in Koreans aged more than 20 years old. METHODS: We used the data from the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III and the Asia-Pacific regional obesity guidelines. To examine the association of metabolic syndrome with eating frequency, snack frequency and meal frequency, we performed multiple logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, sex, physical activity, daily caloric intake, smoking and drinking. RESULTS: Meal frequency was associated with metabolic syndrome in the 20-45 years group (P=0.011). Eating frequency was significantly related with metabolic syndrome in the group aged more than 45 years (P=0.025). Within the subgroup of subjects more than 45 years who had one or two meals a day, snack frequency showed a significant association with metabolic syndrome (P=0.038). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a decreased eating frequency is associated with a risk of metabolic syndrome, although the causal relationship is not exactly known. It would be useful to pursue this question through further studies.
Adult ; Aged ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Eating ; Energy Intake ; Food Habits ; Glucose ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Meals ; Motor Activity ; Nutrition Surveys ; Obesity ; Prevalence ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Snacks

No abstract available.
Neurofibroma* ; Scalp*

No abstract available.
Cell Line* ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor* ; Humans* ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Inpatients* ; Pediatrics ; Retrospective Studies*

No abstract available.
Dermatitis, Contact*

No abstract available.
Hyperplasia ; Scrotum

Glaucoma triple procedure of extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation combined with trabeculectomy which was undergone in 21 eyes(20 cases) since May 1984, were reviewed. The results as follows. 1. In the distribution of sex and age of 20 patients, 16 patients(75%) were male, and seventies, which were most common, were 9 patients(45.0%); fifties, 5; forties, 1; thirties, 1. The average age was 63.9 years old. 2. In type of glaucoma, chronic open angle glaucoma which was most common, were 14 eyes(66.7%); chronic angle closure glaucoma, 5 eyes(23.8%); aphakic glaucoma, 1 eye(4.8%); secondary glaucoma, 1 eye(4.8%). 3. Visual acuity improved in 20 eyes but unchanged in 1 eye, and 14 eyes(66.7%) achieved visual acuity 0.5 or better. 4. Preoperative mean intraocular pressure(IOP)was 20.9mmHg and postoperative mean IOP was 6.1, 4.5mmHg lower than preoperative level at 2 and 6 months res pectively. 5. 2.1 glaucoma medications was needed preoperatively and 0.7, 0.8 was needed at postoperative 2 and 6 months respectively. 6. There were no serious complications that affected the visual acuity. However minor complications were as follows. Hyphema were 4 eyes(19.0%); mydriasis, 3 eyes(14.3%); flat chamber, 1 eye(14.3%); flat chamber, 1 eye(4.8%); cystoid macular edema, 1 eye(4.8%).
Cataract Extraction* ; Cataract* ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular* ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Macular Edema ; Male ; Mydriasis ; Trabeculectomy* ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of psychosocial distress, intention to quit and nursing performance. METHODS: The data were collected through structured questionnaires from 210 registered nurses in a general hospital. They were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression with the SPSS WIN program. RESULTS: The results of the analysis showed that the mean of the psychosocial distress was 25.38+/-7.26, intention to quit was 3.51+/-0.78, and nursing performance was 3.67+/-0.46. In the correlation analysis, the nursing performance had negative correlation with psychosocial distress(r=-.371, p=.000) and intention to quit(r=-.211, p=.002). There were statistically significant differences in nursing performance depending on age, marital status, position and work experience. The psychosocial distress and age explained 15.1% of nursing performance. CONCLUSION: This study showed psychosocial distress and intention to quit affects the nursing performance. Therefore, nursing executives and unit managers need to concern on the significance of the stress management programs so that these can be organizational support.
Hospitals, General ; Intention ; Marital Status ; Patients' Rooms ; Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Mediastinitis*

No abstract available.
Mediastinitis*