No abstract available.
Contracture* ; Mastectomy* ; Seroma*

No abstract available.
Cell Line* ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor* ; Humans* ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung*

BACKGROUND: Granuloma annulare is a chronic skin disease of unknown origin, that can present itself with diverse clinical and histopathologic findings. But no clinicopathological studies has been reported yet in Korea. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate the clinicopathological findings of each type of granuloma annulare. METHODS: We observed twenty two cases of granuloma annulare and examined their clinical manifestations and histopathological findings. RESULTS: The incidence showed a bimodal peak between 3 to 4 years and 49 to 51 years in age and females were affected twice as much as males. The lesions are commonly located on the distal portion of the extremities. In histopathologic findings, perforating type was observed in 13.6% and subcutaneous type in 18.2%. In collagen alteration, fragmentation and hyalinization were observed in 72.7% and 81.8% respectively. Most infiltrated cells were epithelioid cells. In vascular changes, endothelial swelling and occlusion of vessels were common findings and vasculitis was shown in 36.4%. CONCLUSION: There were not epidemiologic differences from the reported studies in western patients. But the clinical manifestation and the histopathologic findings were so varied that differential diagnosis is important in diagnosis of granuloma annulare. Immunological and immunohistochemical studies may be necessary for differential diagnosis and elucidating pathogenesis of granuloma annulare.
Collagen ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epithelioid Cells ; Extremities ; Female ; Granuloma Annulare* ; Granuloma* ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Skin Diseases ; Vasculitis

Double elevator paralysis is a syndrome in which the superior rectus and the inferior oblique muscle of the same eye are paralyzed. The authors have experienced a case of double elevator paralysis with 35 prism diopters hypotropia and 20 prism diopters exotropia on the right eye. The patient was 19 years old female who visited our hospital because of poor cosmetic appearance. Knapp procedure was performed primarily to correct hypotropia, but 20 prism diopters hypotropia remained. 5 months later, a second operation was performed consisted of 7.5 mm recession of the left lateral rectus and 5mm recession of the right inferior rectus in order to correct the exotropia and residual hypotropia. After the second operation, ocular position in primary position was nearly orthophoric and upward movement of the right eye was considerably improved.
Elevators and Escalators* ; Exotropia ; Female ; Humans ; Paralysis* ; Young Adult

The gigantic lipoma could be categorized into subcutaneous and subfascial type. We experienced eight cases from seven patients. Five cases of them were proved to be subcutaneous gigantic lipomas, and three cases were proved to be subfascial gigantic lipomas. Among the subcutaneous type, three cases of liposarcomas were confirmed by final biopsy results. And three cases of recurrences were shown. Among the subfascial type, one case of chondrolipoma was confirmed by final biopsy result and no recurrence was not found. In brief, subcutaneous and subfascial gigantic lipoma had a specific characteristics as followings: Subcutaneous type showed asymptomatic mass with bulging, multilobulated and poorly marginated. And it was difficult for complete removal with a high recurrence rate. Radical excision and liposuction recommended for its treatment. On the other hand, subfascial type showed diffuse expansion, late onset of symptom. And it was readiness for complete removal with no recurrence after complete excision.
Biopsy ; Hand ; Humans ; Lipectomy ; Lipoma* ; Liposarcoma ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells(hATSCs) can be differentiated into multiple mesenchymal lineages, including bone, cartilage, and muscle. And growth hormone play important roles in the normal growth and development of the CNS. In this study, we explored whether the transplanted hATSCs and growth hormones could improve functional recoveries from rats with contusive spinal cord injury. METHODS: We divided 30 female rats, which were subjected to a weight driven implant spinal cord injury, into 3 groups with 10 rats each; Group A as a control group, group B with hATSCs transplantation on injured region, and group C with hATSCs transplantation and GH administration for 7 days. Then, we researched their neurologic functional recoveries before and 2, 4, and 8 weeks after transplantation using Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale. And we checked Y- chromosome positive cells by FISH(Fluorescent in situ hybridization) to identify the survival of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells. RESULTS: After 4 weeks of transplantation, the group B and group C showed significant improvement of neurologic function on BBB locomotor rating scale in comparison with the group A(Group A: 13.1+/-0.58, Group B: 14.6+/-0.69, Group C: 14.9+/-0.56). Moreover, the group C displayed meaningful recovery of neurologic function after 8 weeks in comparison with group B (Group B: 15.7+/-0.63, Group C: 16.5+/-1.14). The group A, the control one, improved for 5 weeks after injury, and had no more recovery. On the other hand, Group B and C showed the improvement of neurologic function continuously for 9 weeks after injury. CONCLUSION: In this study, we found out that hATSCs transplantation have an effect on neurologic functional recovery of spinal cord injured rat and GH injection seems to bring the synergistic results on this good tendency.
Adipose Tissue ; Animals ; Cartilage ; Female ; Growth and Development ; Growth Hormone ; Hand ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Muscles ; Rats ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Transplants

Intertrochanteric fractures are common in older age group. Recently better implant design and surgical technique have improved clinical results. But still many patients suffer from high morbidity and mortality, because of accompanying osteoporosis and various senile diseases. From January 1991 to June 1994, we treated 54 patients older than 70 years with intertrochanteric fractures of femur. Among them, 23 patients were followed up at our hospital and the other patients were informed from police station. Lost follow up was ten patients and final follow up were 44 patients. Mortality was analyzed for the detection of causative factors, such as age, sex, associated medical problems. type of fracture, degree of osteoporosis, type of operation, internal between injury and operation and duration of admission. The results were as follows; 1. 26 patients survived and 18 patients died(Mortality rate :40.9%) 2. 10 patients died within 1 year(Mortality rate :22.7%) 3. Mortality was related to associated medical problems, interval between in jury and operation and type of fracture, which were statistically significant(P < 0.05).
Aged ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip Fractures ; Humans ; Mortality ; Osteoporosis ; Police

The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is increasing in Korea, and physicians, including surgeons, have been focusing on its treatment. Indeed, in Korea, medical treatment using a proton pump inhibitor is the mainstream treatment for GERD, while awareness of surgical treatment is limited. Accordingly, to promote the understanding of surgical treatment for GERD, the Korean Anti-Reflux Surgery Study Group published the Evidence-Based Practice Guideline for the Surgical Treatment of GERD. The guideline consists of 2 sections: fundamental information such as the definition, symptoms, and diagnostic tools of GERD and a recommendation statement about its surgical treatment. The recommendations presented 5 debates regarding fundoplication: 1) comparison of the effectiveness of medical and surgical treatments, 2) effectiveness of surgical treatment in cases of refractory GERD, 3) effectiveness of surgical treatment of extraesophageal symptoms, 4) comparison of effectiveness between total and partial fundoplication, and 5) effectiveness of fundoplication in cases of hiatal hernia. The present guideline is the first to demonstrate the efficacy of the surgical treatment GERD in Korea.
Evidence-Based Practice* ; Fundoplication ; Gastroesophageal Reflux* ; Hernia, Hiatal ; Korea ; Prevalence ; Proton Pumps ; Surgeons

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of sleep apnea syndrome in stroke patients by polysomnography. METHOD: Fifteen patients with ischemic stroke were studied with polysomnography. Medical history, sleep history, location of stroke, and severity of neurological deficit were recorded. Patients were observed by physician for evidence of snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness. Functional abilities were measured with the use of the Modified Barthel Index (MBI). To evaluate the autonomic nervous system, heart rate variability (HRV) study was done. RESULTS: Mean SaO2 during polysomnography was 88.2%, and mean recording time was 321 minutes. Apnea types were obstructive, mixed, and central. Respiratory Distress Index (RDI) correlated with functional outcome and mean SaO2. HRV study showed no significant changes under the orthostatic stress in apnea patients. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the sleep apnea syndrome could be a prognostic factor in rehabilitation outcome of stroke.
Apnea ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Polysomnography ; Prognosis* ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes* ; Snoring ; Stroke* ; Treatment Outcome

In order to find out the relationship between blood viscosity and the development of an ischemic symptom(clinical vasospasm) following an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH), was checked daily the hematocrit(Hct), blood viscosity and plasma viscosity from admission day to 14 days after SAH in 33 patients. Twelve patients with diseases except those with a SAH were selected as a control group. We analyzed the difference of the average hematocrit, blood viscosity, and plasma viscosity between the control group, non-spasm group and spasm group on admission, and then the period of preoperative, postoperative with mannitolization, and postoperative without mannitolization. We also analyzed the change of those according to the SAH day, and the relationship between the blood viscosity and the level of hematocrit in each group. As a result, aneurysmal SAH patients with clinical vasospasm showed a higher plasma viscosity than the control(1.82+/-0.21 vs. 1.55+/-0.14, respectively : p<0.01) and clinical non-spasm(1.82+/-0.21 vs. 1.66+/-0.12, respectively : p<0.05) group of patients on admission statistically. In the spasm group, the blood viscosity was raised during the spasm risk period(SAH 7-10 days). The level of the hematocrit in the spasm group was lower than the non-spasm group and most of them checked below 30% after surgery. In the relationship between the level of hematocrit and the blood viscosity, the spasm group showed a relatively higher blood viscosity than the non-spasm group. These results suggest that the blood viscosity has some role in the development of ischemic symptoms after a subarachnoid hemorrhage, but major determinants such as erythrocyte aggregation, plasma fibrinogen concentration and platelet aggregation which affect the microcirculation have a more important role. Therefore, when hemodilution are used for prevention or improvement of ischemic symptoms after subarachnoid hemorrhage, the level of the hematocrit and the focus on decreasing the major determinants of the viscosity in microcirculation should be considered.
Aneurysm* ; Blood Viscosity* ; Erythrocyte Aggregation ; Fibrinogen ; Hematocrit* ; Hemodilution ; Humans ; Mannitol ; Microcirculation ; Plasma* ; Platelet Aggregation ; Spasm ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage* ; Viscosity*