PURPOSE:Effects of IDDM on bone mineral metabolism are still in controversy. Some reported that bone mineral density in IDDM had inverse relationship with HbA1c, some reported that spine BMD was normal while femur BMD was decreased. Others reported that increased urinary calcium excretion in IDDM induced early trabecular bone mineral loss. We studied the correlation of BMD with diabetic control and body measurements. METHODS:In sixteen IDDM patients, using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, BMD was measured in lumbar spine as trabecular bone and femur neck as cortical bone. Z-score of BMD was obtained by comparing age and sex matched control data. Correlations between BMD and diabetic control parameters (HbA1c, duration of IDDM) and body measurements were calculated. RESULTS:The body measurements were in normal range in all IDDM patients, the duration of IDDM was 38.4+/-24.0months, HbA1c was in good control state (7.69+/-1.53%), and urinary Ca/creatinine ratio was not increased. The Z-score of BMD was not decreased statistically (lumbar spine: -0.255, femur neck: -0.404), and the Z-score had no correlationship with body measurements and diabetic control parameters. CONCLUSIONS:In well controlled childhood IDDM, BMD was not decreased significantly.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Bone Density* ; Calcium ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Metabolism ; Reference Values ; Spine

BACKGROUND: The positive reactions of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) show varying degrees in the tissue of all sweat gland neoplasms by immunohistochemistry. The CEA secreted from sweat glands presents a high value, compared with that of serum. OBJECTIVE: The study was to evaluate the sweat CEA value in relation to serum CEA value by sex, smoking status and blood type in healthy subjects. METHOD: Fifty-two healthy subjects(M : 43, F :9) aged 21-30, participated in the study. 2ml sweat was collected from the face and chest after intense exercises and 3ml blood was collected from their antecubital veins. Roche Core CEA enzyme immunoassay was used for the measurement of sweat and serum CEA. RESULTS: Sweat CEA values were 102.0+4100.5ng/ml in males and 70.6+458.5ng/ml in females, with their mean valueof 96.6+/-94.9ng/ml. Sweat CEA values were 108.3+/-103.5ng/ml in 27 smokers and 83.9+/-84.8ng/ml in 25 nonsmokers(p>0.05, t-test). Sweat CEA values were higher among the males and the smokers. Serum CEA values were 2.5+/-1.7ng/ml in males and 1.6+/-0.8ng/ml in females, with its mean value of 2.4+/-1.6ng/ml. There was no difference between serum values of smokers and nonsmokers. Sweat CEA values were about 40 times higher than those of serum, with no correlation of sweat and serum CEA(correlation coefficient=-0.16, P>0.05). In the blood type study, sweat CEA values were 123.1+/-131.8ng/ml in A type and 66.1+/-55.0ng/ml in B type(P>0.05), whereas serum CEA values were higher in AB type and lower in O type(P<0.05, ANOVA). CONCLUSION: Sweat CEA values are extraordinarily high in contradistinction to serum. Sweat CEA values are not affected by sex, smoking status and blood type. There seems to be no association between CEA values of sweat and serum.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen* ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Sweat Gland Neoplasms ; Sweat Glands ; Sweat* ; Thorax ; Veins

In transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy to treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head, the necrotic superior anterior femoral head is rotated anteriorly around the longitudinal neck axis so that the weight bearing force is transferred to the intact posterior surface. The ratio of transposed intact articular surface of the femoral head to the weight-bearing surface of the acetabulum on postoperative anteroposterior view of the hip roentgenograph is the most important indicator of the prognosis. During the period from December 1992 to June 1994, we treated 31 hips in 28 patients who were indicated for the anterior rotational osteotomy among the patients of osteoncrosis of the femoral head. Among the patients, male were 27 and female was one. Age distribution was from 13 to 62 years old and mean age was 44.3. According to the Ficat and Arlet classification, II A was most in number as 16 II B was 7 and III was 8. As their etiolgic factors, alcohol was most in number as 18, steroid was 3, idiopathic was 5 and trauma was 2. The mean rate of the intact area of the posterior part of the femoral head to the total articular surface on the preoperative lateral view of the hip roentgenograph was 41.8%. The mean ratio of transposed intact articular surface of the femoral head to the weight bearing surface of the acetabulum was 53.8% Fixation devices were screws or dynamic hip screw.
Acetabulum ; Age Distribution ; Classification ; Female ; Head* ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Neck ; Osteonecrosis* ; Osteotomy* ; Prognosis ; Weight-Bearing

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: The aim of study was to review the results of open surgical repair (OSR) of chronic juxtarenal aortic occlusion (JRAO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the results of OSR performed in 47 patients (male, 92%; mean age, 59.9+/-9.3 years [range, 44-79]) with chronic JRAO during the past 21 years. In order to reduce intraoperative renal ischemic time (RIT), we excised a portion of the occluded segment of the infrarenal aorta without proximal aortic clamping. We then performed suprarenal aortic clamping with both renal arteries clamped, removed the proximal aortic thrombus cap, confirmed both renal artery orifices, and moved the suprarenal aortic clamp to the infrarenal aorta to allow renal perfusion and standard aortoiliac reconstruction. We investigated early (<30 days) postoperative surgical morbidity (particularly renal function), operative mortality, and longterm patient survival. We conducted risk factor analysis for postoperative renal insufficiency. RESULTS: The mean intraoperative RIT was 10.7+/-5.5 minutes (range, 3-25), including 6 patients who underwent concomitant pararenal aortic thromboendarterectomy. Postoperatively, five (11%) patients had transient renal insufficiency, one had pneumonia, and one patient had an acute myocardial infarction. However, there was no operative mortality or newly developed dialysis-dependent renal failure. Postoperative follow up was available in 36 (77%) patients for a mean period of 6.3 years (range, 1 month-17 years). Kaplan Meier calculations of patient survival at 5 and 10 years after surgery were 91.2% and 83.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: We have experienced short RIT, acceptable early postoperative results and long-term survival after OSR of chronic JRAO.
Aorta ; Constriction ; Endarterectomy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction ; Perfusion ; Pneumonia ; Renal Artery ; Renal Insufficiency ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Thrombosis

OBJECTIVE: Unfolding is a rendering method to visualize organs at a glance by virtually incising them. Although conventional methods exploit gray-scale volume datasets such as CT or MR images, we use the Visible Korean Human dataset preserving actual color. This can be helpful for the study of anatomical knowledge. Segmented images of Visible Korean Human dataset store the boundary of organs. Since medical experts manually perform the segmentation from anatomical color images, it is very time-consuming. In general, therefore, some images selectively sampled with interval from entire color images are segmented. When we generate a segment volume dataset with the selected images, final results are deteriorated due to lack of segmentation information for missed images. In this paper, we solve this problem by generating intermediate images without performing a manual segmentation. METHODS: Firstly, after comparing differences of organ's contours in between two consecutive segmented images, we represent the differences as a user-defined value in the intermediate images. This procedure is repeated for all pairs of manually segmented images to reconstruct entire volume data consist of manually segmented images and their intermediate images. In rendering stage, we perform the radial volume ray casting along with the central path of target organ. If a ray reaches to a region having the user-defined values, we advance over the region without compositions to the boundary of that region. Then the color composition is begun by performing backtracking, since the advanced region is regarded to the thickness of it. RESULTS: As a result, we can produce high quality unfolding images for the stomach, colon, bronchus, and artery of the Visible Korea Human dataset. CONCLUSION: Since our approach can be applied to virtual dissection including actual human colors, it is helpful for the endoscopy and anatomy studies.
Arteries ; Bronchi ; Colon ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Korea ; Stomach

BACKGROUND: During normal wound healing the formation of scars and fibrous tissue occurs, which consists largely of collagen fibril, but excessive fibrosis and scar formation become clinical problems. Collagen remodelling during scar formation is dependent on both continued collagen synthesis and collagen catabolism. Halofuginone, a plant alkaloid, is known to inhibit collagen type I synthesis at the transcriptional level. OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of topical application of halofuginone on the healing of wounds. METHOD: Topical solutions containing halofuginone of variable concentrations were applied on the full-thickness excisional wounds of hairless mice and 0.1% halofuginone ointments applied on the suture site of rats and the normal skin of hairless mice daily. In addition, we performed a one-time intradermal injection of 0.1% halofuginone solution on the normal skin of the hairless mice. We examined the collagen content of the skin of hairless mice and rats treated with halofuginone solutions and ointments during the healing process by performing hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome stains. We assessed, from time to time, the change in the full-thickness excisional wound size of hairless mice treated with halofuginone solutions of variable concentrations during the healing process and observed clinically the healing process of hairless mice with the full-thickness excisional wound. RESULT: 1. The wound size after daily application of 0.001% and 0.1% halofuginone solutions on the full-thickness excisional wounds of hairless mice decreased more slowly in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05).
Animals ; Cicatrix ; Collagen ; Collagen Type I ; Coloring Agents ; Fibrosis ; Injections, Intradermal ; Metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Hairless ; Ointments ; Plants ; Rats ; Skin ; Sutures ; Wound Healing* ; Wounds and Injuries*

This study was performed to evaluate the correlationship between posterior capsular opacification and optic configuration of intraocular lens in extracapsular lens extraction with In-the-bag implantation of posterior chamber lens. We retrospectively studied the 455 cases of cataract operations that were performed between January 1993 and January 1995. All were in-the-bag placement and their optic designs were divided into two groups: a group of biconvex lens and a group of convex-plano lens with continuous laser ridge. The incidence of PCO in bicovex lens group was 7.0% and that of convex plano lens with laser ridge group was 7.1%. The difference in the rate of posterior capsular opacification between two groups was not statistically significant. The incidence of Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy revealed 0.0% in continuous ridged group and 2.6% in biconvex group(p>0.05).
Capsule Opacification* ; Cataract ; Incidence ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Posterior Capsulotomy ; Retrospective Studies

Secondary cutaneous cryptococcosis may occur earlier than other manifestations of disseminated cryptococcosis. A 68-year-old woman presented with multiple ulcerative lesions on the right calf of 2 weeks duration. She had been treated with antibiotics, but the lesions spread rapidly. The initial clinical impression was necrotizing fasciitis, but routine KOH mounting from the ulcerative lesions showed numerous budding yeast cells with peripheral clear zones and further investigations including a skin biopsy, tissue cultures and India ink preparations allowed a rapid and definitive diagnosis of cutaneous cryptococcosis. Studies for other evidence of infection elsewhere revealed an asymptomatic pulmonary lesion. We report a case of secondary cutaneous cryptococcosis clinically mimicking necrotizing fasciitis that occured before other manifestations of disseminated cryptococcosis.
Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biopsy ; Cryptococcosis* ; Diagnosis ; Fasciitis, Necrotizing* ; Female ; Humans ; India ; Ink ; Saccharomycetales ; Skin ; Ulcer

Authors report herein a case of a 27-year-old male patient who had been suffering from chronic ulcerative dermatitis with scar-like changes and successive involvement of the ankles, limb folds, nape and abdomen, and no tendency to heal from age 4. At the age 14, an immunologic study showed a selective IgA deficiency with partial T-lymphocyte inactivation. Ten years later, at age 24, he showed a severe form of morphea over a generalized area and disabling joint contractures, and was diagnosed as disabling pansclerotic morphea with an IgA value that returned to a near normal level. At the age 27, an adult-fist, 7×6×4cm sized, squamous cell carcinoma with an easy bleeding tendency like an overgrowing granulation tissue vascular tumor had developed on the chronic ulcerative lesion on the posterior aspect of the right ankle for 2 months. Aggressive metastatic lesion occurred on the right popliteal area 3 months later. He died 1 month thereafter.
Abdomen ; Adult ; Ankle ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Contracture ; Dermatitis ; Epithelial Cells* ; Extremities ; Granulation Tissue ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; IgA Deficiency ; Immunoglobulin A ; Joints ; Male ; Scleroderma, Localized* ; T-Lymphocytes ; Ulcer*