This study was investigated to assess the difference of facial height and occlusal plane inclination between normal occlusion group and class 11 malocclusion group. The subjects consisted of 50 normal occlusion (male 25, female 25) and 50 class II(male 25, female 25) malocclusion patients. All subjects are adult. lateral cephalogram was taken with standard method, traced, and digitized for each subjects. The computerized statiscal analysis was carried out with SPSS program. The results were as follows: 1. In class II malocclusion group, variables significant different from normal occlusion group were as follows SN-FOP, FH-BOP, MP-BOP, AB-BOP, AB-FOP, Facial plane-BOP, FP-FOP. 2. In class II malocclusion group, the posterior facial height -especially posterior lower facial height-was significantly smaller than normal occlusion group.( P < 0.05) 3. In class II malocclusion group, the angles bEStween occlusal plane and upper and lower incisor, the angle between upper molar and bisected occlusal plane we e significantly larger than those of normal occlusion group. (P < 0.05) 4. LI to Mandibular plane (mm) was a unique factor of occlusal plane position that showed significant difference in class -Il1 malocclusion group. 5. The correlation between overbite and occlusal plane inclination existed in class II malocclusion group, but the correlation didn't exist in normal occlusion group.
Adult ; Dental Occlusion* ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Malocclusion ; Molar ; Overbite

A boy (Hellman dental age III B) with mandibular prognathism was treated by means of the labiolingual appliance and the chin cap. Following results were obtained; 1) Except the problem of development, most of treatment objectives were achieved after 8 months of active treatment. 2) The axial inclinations of upper and lower incisors were changed by the treatment. 3) The most notable change was the reduction of genial angle. 4) The patient has retained the good occlusal stability till after 18 months of retention.
Chin ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Prognathism*

This investigation was designed to compare the craniofacial morphology of Class III maloccusions with that of normal occlusions using PM line. The subjects consisted of forty-four normal occlusions (twenty-three males and twenty-one females) and sixty-nine Class III malocclusions (thirty males and thirty- nine females), aged eight through ten. Using the tracings of the standard lateral cephalograms, various angles, linear measurements and linear ratios of counter-part were recorded and analyzed by t-test. The following characterstics of craniofacial morphology of Class III malocclusion were obtained by this study. 1. Maxillary anteroposterior position was balanced with Nasion but was not balanced with mandible because maxillary bony arch was small and positioned posteriorly and mandibular corpus was large and positioned relatively anteriorly. 2. Upper and lower alveolar bony arch were not balanced each other in its size. 3. In counterpart analysis, Class III malocclusion was more horizontally unbalanced than normal occlusion. 4. Class III malocclusion was divided into 11 groups by maxillary and mandibular bony arch position, size and alveolar bony arch size. Unbalanced bony size of the maxilla and mandible was a major characteristics of Class III mlaocclusion.
Child* ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Maxilla

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intrinsic factor and extrinsic factor for growth of the mandibular condylar cartilage of 4 day-old rats In a serum-tree medium for 1, 4, 7,14 days. They were compared with normal growth in vivo and with growth of spheno-occipital synchondrosis in serum-free medium. The cellular kinetics of cartilages were evaluated by autoradiography of tritiated thymidine. 1. Condylar cartilage was enlarged with rounded head on day 14 of experiment while in vivo the rounded-headed shape changed into functionally flattened appearance. 2. On day 14 of experiment, a severe reduction of the proliferative zone and a considerable increase of the hypertrophic zone were observed while in normal control group endochondrol bone formation and bone marrow were observed. 3. The proliferative activity in the proliferative zone of condylar cartilage detected by 3H-thymidine incorporation was lower than that of normal control group and decreased more than that of spheno-occipital synchondrosis, but it continued during the 14 days of culture. 4. The continued maintenance of condylar cartilage and morphologic change were disturbed in this culture system, but cell division within the proliferative zone was continued and probably linked to intrinsic factor.
Animals ; Autoradiography ; Bone Marrow ; Cartilage* ; Cell Division ; Head ; Intrinsic Factor ; Kinetics ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Osteogenesis ; Rats* ; Thymidine

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein that synthesizes telomere repeats. It has been reported that activation of telomerase was associtated with immortalization, proliferative activity and carcinogenesis. Recently, telomerase activity has been extensively studied in many kinds of malignant tumors for clinical diagnostic and/or prognostic utilities. In neuroblastoma, breast carcinoma,gastric carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, close relationship has been reported between high telomerase activity and lymph node metastasis, tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis. The purpose of this study is to to investigate the clinical implication of telomerase activity assay as an adjunctive factor in decision-making on neck node management, speedy pre-operative judging on histologic malignancy grading. Thus we performed semi-quantitative assay of telomerase activity using Telomerase PCR ELISA kit(Boeringer Manheim , Germany) and evaluated correlation between telomerase activity and tumor size, neck node metastasis, Anneroth malignancy score and influence of pre-operative chemotherapy on its activity in 27 cases of oral squamous cell carcinomas and 18 cases of normal oral epithelium. Also, correlation between telomerase activities and PCNA indices was evaluated. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The telomerase activities were detected in 24 specimens out of 27 oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens (88.9%) and in 5 specimens out of 18 normal oral epithelium specimens (27.8%). The mean value of telomerase activities was 0.9793+/-0.3428 in 24 oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens and 0.4855+/-0.1117 in 5 normal oral epithelium specimens. The positivity rate and mean value of telomerase activities in oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens were significantly higher than those of normal oral epithelium specimens (p<0.05). 2. There was no significant correlation between total Anneroth malignancy score and telomerase activity (p>0.05), but points of mitosis index and depth of invasion were significantly correlated with telomerase activities (p<0.05). 3. The positive immunohistochemical staining for PCNA(proliferating cell nuclear antigen) was observed in 26 specimens out of 27 oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens and mean value of PCNA indices of 26 specimens was 53.67+/-26.46. PCNA indices were significantly correlated with telomerase activities (p<0.05). 4. The mean value of telomerase activities was significantly higher in pathologic T3/T4 group than in T1/T2 group (p<0.01). There was no significant difference of mean value of telomerase activities between pathologic neck node positive group and negative group (p> 0.05). Pre-operative chemotherapy significantly lowered the telomerase activities (p<0.05). The above results suggested telomerase activity could be used as diagnostic marker and adjunctive parameter for judging on histologic malignancy in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Breast ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Drug Therapy ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epithelium ; Lymph Nodes ; Mitosis ; Neck ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neuroblastoma ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prognosis ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Ribonucleoproteins ; Telomerase* ; Telomere

The effect of orthodontic force on the collagenase and phosphatase activities of the adjacent alveolar bone was evaluated. Maxillary canines of male cats were treated orthodontically with closed coil spring so as to exert about 80g force. Sixteen cats were equally divided into one control group and seven experimental groups (12 hrs, 24 hrs, 36 hrs, 2 days, 3 days, 5 days and 7 days after orthodontic treatment). After sacrificing all animals on experimental intervals, collagenase, acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were determined in the pressure and tension sides of alveolar bones. ACP activities increased in both the pressure and tension sides, but significantly increased in the pressure side continuously. ALP activities increased in the tension side at early stage (1-2 days after treatment), but changed small amount in the pressure side. Collagenase activities increased in the pressure side, especially at late stage (5-7 days after treatment). These results suggest that (1) orthodontic force increases the ACP, ALP and collagenase activities generally and (2) activities of ACP and collagenase increase in the pressure side, but that of ALP in the tension side and (3) activities of ACP and ALP increase at early stage, but that of collagenase at late stage after orthodontic treatment. Therefore it is shown that there are time differences in the formation and destruction of organic and inorganic components in the bone metabolism of alveolus with application of the orthodontic forces.
Acid Phosphatase ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Cats ; Collagenases ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolism

This study was designed to survey the stress distributions and deflections which were derived from MEAW by the computer-aided three dimensional finite element analysis of teeth and surrounding bone composed of 2839 solid elements and 4621 nodes. MEAW model was also made using the 90 beam elements and the results were expressed by quantitative and visible ways. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. In case of vertical load on the MEAW there were extrusions of anterior teeth and upright effects of the posterior teeth. 2. Without applying the vertical elastics on the MEAW there were intrusions of anterior teeth, but relatively mild force was transmitted to the posterior teeth area. Torque forces were observed on the incisors and molars, and canine was intruded without torque. 3. The magnitudes of forces were different by the amounts of tip back bends of MEAW. 4. The displacements were in inverse proportion to the cross section areas of the wires according to the experiment using the 5 different size arch wires. 5. The difference of deflections between the MEAW and plain arch wire was not so big as the theoretical one but the deflections of MEAW were much more than the plain arch wire in every X, Y, Z direction.
Decompression Sickness ; Finite Element Analysis ; Incisor ; Molar ; Tooth ; Torque

This study was designed to get the knowledge of the structual characteristics of the lingual dental arch shaper of Koreans. The subjects consisted of 107 nirmal occulsions. The lingual structure which was divided into two groups, anterior and posterior part, was measured and analyzed. 22 pairs of the 107 samples were usde to test the derived results. The findings of this study were as follows; 1. The mathmatical functions of the we curces which showed good fitting to the upper and lower anterior lingual arch were derived and drawed to the same acale using the computer graphics. 2. The results of the test showed a reasonable degree of accuracy to all of the 33 randm samples. 3. The average degrees of posterior flexions were obtained and could be used as a initial guide at the wire-bending.
Computer Graphics ; Dental Arch*

The purpose of this study was to provide data on the normative values of some clinically important soft tissue dimensions for adult Korean females with aesthetically beautiful facial profiles. Lateral cephalograms of 18 Korean female models, who were selected for their well balanced and aesthetic facial profiles, were evaluated. All cephalograms were taken with the subjects in a natural head position with the teeth in occlusion and the lips at rest. The means and standard deviations were determined and presented. In addition, comparisons with the previous studies were performed. The results of the present study were as follows: 1. The upper and lower lips were posteriorly located in relation to the Ricketts' E line (Upper lip to E line: -2.08, Lower lip to E line: -0.04). 2. Both lips were more posteriorly located than those in the results of previous studies on Korean females selected by normal occlusion, but more anteriorly located than in the results of studies selected on an aesthetic basis. 3. The nasolabial angle for this sample was 101.03 degrees with a standard deviation of 8.47 degrees.
Adult ; Female* ; Head ; Humans ; Lip ; Tooth

The purpose of this study was to investigate proportional characteristics of soft tissue profile in Korean young adults. The sample consisted of 50 young adults(25 males and 25 females) who had pleasing profile and normal occlusion. Soft tissue proportional analysis was performed on lateral cephalograms taken in natural head position. The results were as follows: 1. Mean and standard deviation of proportional analysis were obtained. 2. Horizontal and vertical dimensions were larger in male. But facial proportion had no sexual difference except upper/lower face height(p<0.05). Upper/lower face height was larger in female than in male. 3. Vertical dimensions, except SN-ST, had high correlation with horizontal dimensions. 4. Head positioning error of natural head position was smaller than inter -individual variability of SN line.
Female ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Vertical Dimension ; Young Adult*