This study was investigated to assess the difference of facial height and occlusal plane inclination between normal occlusion group and class 11 malocclusion group. The subjects consisted of 50 normal occlusion (male 25, female 25) and 50 class II(male 25, female 25) malocclusion patients. All subjects are adult. lateral cephalogram was taken with standard method, traced, and digitized for each subjects. The computerized statiscal analysis was carried out with SPSS program. The results were as follows: 1. In class II malocclusion group, variables significant different from normal occlusion group were as follows SN-FOP, FH-BOP, MP-BOP, AB-BOP, AB-FOP, Facial plane-BOP, FP-FOP. 2. In class II malocclusion group, the posterior facial height -especially posterior lower facial height-was significantly smaller than normal occlusion group.( P < 0.05) 3. In class II malocclusion group, the angles bEStween occlusal plane and upper and lower incisor, the angle between upper molar and bisected occlusal plane we e significantly larger than those of normal occlusion group. (P < 0.05) 4. LI to Mandibular plane (mm) was a unique factor of occlusal plane position that showed significant difference in class -Il1 malocclusion group. 5. The correlation between overbite and occlusal plane inclination existed in class II malocclusion group, but the correlation didn't exist in normal occlusion group.
Adult ; Dental Occlusion* ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Malocclusion ; Molar ; Overbite

A boy (Hellman dental age III B) with mandibular prognathism was treated by means of the labiolingual appliance and the chin cap. Following results were obtained; 1) Except the problem of development, most of treatment objectives were achieved after 8 months of active treatment. 2) The axial inclinations of upper and lower incisors were changed by the treatment. 3) The most notable change was the reduction of genial angle. 4) The patient has retained the good occlusal stability till after 18 months of retention.
Chin ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Prognathism*

This investigation was designed to compare the craniofacial morphology of Class III maloccusions with that of normal occlusions using PM line. The subjects consisted of forty-four normal occlusions (twenty-three males and twenty-one females) and sixty-nine Class III malocclusions (thirty males and thirty- nine females), aged eight through ten. Using the tracings of the standard lateral cephalograms, various angles, linear measurements and linear ratios of counter-part were recorded and analyzed by t-test. The following characterstics of craniofacial morphology of Class III malocclusion were obtained by this study. 1. Maxillary anteroposterior position was balanced with Nasion but was not balanced with mandible because maxillary bony arch was small and positioned posteriorly and mandibular corpus was large and positioned relatively anteriorly. 2. Upper and lower alveolar bony arch were not balanced each other in its size. 3. In counterpart analysis, Class III malocclusion was more horizontally unbalanced than normal occlusion. 4. Class III malocclusion was divided into 11 groups by maxillary and mandibular bony arch position, size and alveolar bony arch size. Unbalanced bony size of the maxilla and mandible was a major characteristics of Class III mlaocclusion.
Child* ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Maxilla

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intrinsic factor and extrinsic factor for growth of the mandibular condylar cartilage of 4 day-old rats In a serum-tree medium for 1, 4, 7,14 days. They were compared with normal growth in vivo and with growth of spheno-occipital synchondrosis in serum-free medium. The cellular kinetics of cartilages were evaluated by autoradiography of tritiated thymidine. 1. Condylar cartilage was enlarged with rounded head on day 14 of experiment while in vivo the rounded-headed shape changed into functionally flattened appearance. 2. On day 14 of experiment, a severe reduction of the proliferative zone and a considerable increase of the hypertrophic zone were observed while in normal control group endochondrol bone formation and bone marrow were observed. 3. The proliferative activity in the proliferative zone of condylar cartilage detected by 3H-thymidine incorporation was lower than that of normal control group and decreased more than that of spheno-occipital synchondrosis, but it continued during the 14 days of culture. 4. The continued maintenance of condylar cartilage and morphologic change were disturbed in this culture system, but cell division within the proliferative zone was continued and probably linked to intrinsic factor.
Animals ; Autoradiography ; Bone Marrow ; Cartilage* ; Cell Division ; Head ; Intrinsic Factor ; Kinetics ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Osteogenesis ; Rats* ; Thymidine

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein that synthesizes telomere repeats. It has been reported that activation of telomerase was associtated with immortalization, proliferative activity and carcinogenesis. Recently, telomerase activity has been extensively studied in many kinds of malignant tumors for clinical diagnostic and/or prognostic utilities. In neuroblastoma, breast carcinoma,gastric carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, close relationship has been reported between high telomerase activity and lymph node metastasis, tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis. The purpose of this study is to to investigate the clinical implication of telomerase activity assay as an adjunctive factor in decision-making on neck node management, speedy pre-operative judging on histologic malignancy grading. Thus we performed semi-quantitative assay of telomerase activity using Telomerase PCR ELISA kit(Boeringer Manheim , Germany) and evaluated correlation between telomerase activity and tumor size, neck node metastasis, Anneroth malignancy score and influence of pre-operative chemotherapy on its activity in 27 cases of oral squamous cell carcinomas and 18 cases of normal oral epithelium. Also, correlation between telomerase activities and PCNA indices was evaluated. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The telomerase activities were detected in 24 specimens out of 27 oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens (88.9%) and in 5 specimens out of 18 normal oral epithelium specimens (27.8%). The mean value of telomerase activities was 0.9793+/-0.3428 in 24 oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens and 0.4855+/-0.1117 in 5 normal oral epithelium specimens. The positivity rate and mean value of telomerase activities in oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens were significantly higher than those of normal oral epithelium specimens (p<0.05). 2. There was no significant correlation between total Anneroth malignancy score and telomerase activity (p>0.05), but points of mitosis index and depth of invasion were significantly correlated with telomerase activities (p<0.05). 3. The positive immunohistochemical staining for PCNA(proliferating cell nuclear antigen) was observed in 26 specimens out of 27 oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens and mean value of PCNA indices of 26 specimens was 53.67+/-26.46. PCNA indices were significantly correlated with telomerase activities (p<0.05). 4. The mean value of telomerase activities was significantly higher in pathologic T3/T4 group than in T1/T2 group (p<0.01). There was no significant difference of mean value of telomerase activities between pathologic neck node positive group and negative group (p> 0.05). Pre-operative chemotherapy significantly lowered the telomerase activities (p<0.05). The above results suggested telomerase activity could be used as diagnostic marker and adjunctive parameter for judging on histologic malignancy in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Breast ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Drug Therapy ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epithelium ; Lymph Nodes ; Mitosis ; Neck ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neuroblastoma ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prognosis ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Ribonucleoproteins ; Telomerase* ; Telomere

The stable occlusion in function is thought as important as the esthetics in form, in order to preserve the healthy oral condition. The stable occlusion requires the harmony between the condylar guidance factors and the anterior guidance factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative relationship between the condylar guidance factors and the anterior guidance factors, estimating statistically the measurement of the condylar paths by Pantronic and those of the anterior guidance factors, craniofacial morphology by roentgenocephalometry in 46 relatively good functional occlusion. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The measurements of the protrusive condylar path inclinations were 36.41degrees in the right, 35.63degrees in the left, 36.28degrees in the mean. The measurements of Fisher's angles were 8.17degrees in the right, 6.43degrees in the left, 6.87degrees in the mean. 2. The anterior facial height and the lower anterior facial height made a negative correlation with the protrusive condylar path inclination. 3. The articular eminence angle relative to the artificial articulator plane showed a positive correlation with the maximum protrusive condylar path. 4. SNA and SNB made a negative correlation with the articular eminence angle, and AAP-GoMe, AAP-DcGn, the facial height ratio had a positive correlation with the articular eminence angle. 5. The angulation of maxillary incisor lingual slope, overbite and the ratio of overbite to overjet showed a positive correlation with the articular eminence angle. 6. The angulation of maxillary incisor lingual slope, overbite, and the ratio of overbite to overjet made a positive correlation with the inclination of occlusal plane, functional occlusal plane. 7. Overbite and the ratio of overbite to overjet had a positive correlation with the angulation of maxillary incisor lingual slope. 8. The anterior guidance factors were more influenced by the mean protrusive condylar path inclination and the maximum Fisher's angle, and the regression equations of those were made.
Dental Articulators ; Dental Occlusion ; Esthetics ; Incisor ; Overbite

In order to investigate TMD prevalence in malocclusion patients and to study its relationship with occlusal factors, 205 malocclusion patients (M67, F138, 6Y1M-46Y8M) were examined. The following examinations were carried out, Questionnaire: personal history, TMD symptoms, and the associated factors Clinical examination: TMJ sound and maximum mouth opening Orthopantomogram: condyle abnormalities, length of Co'-Inc' and Co'-Go', ratio Co'-Inc'/Co'-Go', and depth of antegonial notch Transcranial view: limitation of anterior movement of condyle Model: Angle classification, overjet, overbite, midline discrepancy, missing of posterior teeth, posterior crossbite, attrition of palatal cusp of maxillary molars, crowding/spacing The results could be summarized as follows, 1. The prevalence of TMD showed that Helkimo Anamestic Index(Ai) 0 was 46.8%, Ai I was 22.0%, Ai II was 31.2% and subjective symptoms increased with aging (p<0.001) and were frequent in females (p<0.05). 2. Flattening (4.4%) was the most frequent condyle abnormality on Orthopantomgram, and 8.3% of subjects showed some abnormalities on Orthopantomogram. 3. The cases with neck and shoulder pain (p<0.001), clenching, lip biting (p<0.01), and headache (p<0.05) showed higher scores of Ai. 4. Angle class II showed high frequency of condylar abnormalities on Orthopantomogram, and subjects whose palatal cusp of maxillary molars had been attrided had the tendency to show high Ai scores (p<0.05). The other occlusal factors had nothing to do with the symtoms of TMD. 5. In the case that 1)the value of Co'-Inc', Co'-Go' or Co'-Inc'/Co'-Go' were low or 2)the difference of Co'-Go' or Co'-Inc'/Co'-Go' between the right and the left were large, condylar abnormalities were frequently obserbed on Orthopantomogram.
Aging ; Cross-Sectional Studies* ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Lip ; Malocclusion* ; Malocclusion, Angle Class II ; Molar ; Mouth ; Neck ; Overbite ; Prevalence* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Shoulder Pain ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Tooth

A patient (Hellman dental age IIIA) who had anterior cross bite due to functional factor was treated with activator. Following results were obtained: 1) Anterior cross bite was crorrected 3 months after the initial application of the appliance. 2) Comparing pretreatment records with posttreatment, the main effects were labioversion of upper incisors, increase of upper arch length and downward-backward rotation of the mandible. 3) There was no damage on teeth and periodontal tissues and the patient had normal occlusion 1 year after the treatment.
Humans ; Incisor ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Prognathism* ; Tooth

The effect of orthodontic force on the collagenase and phosphatase activities of the adjacent alveolar bone was evaluated. Maxillary canines of male cats were treated orthodontically with closed coil spring so as to exert about 80g force. Sixteen cats were equally divided into one control group and seven experimental groups (12 hrs, 24 hrs, 36 hrs, 2 days, 3 days, 5 days and 7 days after orthodontic treatment). After sacrificing all animals on experimental intervals, collagenase, acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were determined in the pressure and tension sides of alveolar bones. ACP activities increased in both the pressure and tension sides, but significantly increased in the pressure side continuously. ALP activities increased in the tension side at early stage (1-2 days after treatment), but changed small amount in the pressure side. Collagenase activities increased in the pressure side, especially at late stage (5-7 days after treatment). These results suggest that (1) orthodontic force increases the ACP, ALP and collagenase activities generally and (2) activities of ACP and collagenase increase in the pressure side, but that of ALP in the tension side and (3) activities of ACP and ALP increase at early stage, but that of collagenase at late stage after orthodontic treatment. Therefore it is shown that there are time differences in the formation and destruction of organic and inorganic components in the bone metabolism of alveolus with application of the orthodontic forces.
Acid Phosphatase ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Cats ; Collagenases ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolism

This study was designed to survey the stress distributions and deflections which were derived from MEAW by the computer-aided three dimensional finite element analysis of teeth and surrounding bone composed of 2839 solid elements and 4621 nodes. MEAW model was also made using the 90 beam elements and the results were expressed by quantitative and visible ways. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. In case of vertical load on the MEAW there were extrusions of anterior teeth and upright effects of the posterior teeth. 2. Without applying the vertical elastics on the MEAW there were intrusions of anterior teeth, but relatively mild force was transmitted to the posterior teeth area. Torque forces were observed on the incisors and molars, and canine was intruded without torque. 3. The magnitudes of forces were different by the amounts of tip back bends of MEAW. 4. The displacements were in inverse proportion to the cross section areas of the wires according to the experiment using the 5 different size arch wires. 5. The difference of deflections between the MEAW and plain arch wire was not so big as the theoretical one but the deflections of MEAW were much more than the plain arch wire in every X, Y, Z direction.
Decompression Sickness ; Finite Element Analysis ; Incisor ; Molar ; Tooth ; Torque