This study was investigated to assess the difference of facial height and occlusal plane inclination between normal occlusion group and class 11 malocclusion group. The subjects consisted of 50 normal occlusion (male 25, female 25) and 50 class II(male 25, female 25) malocclusion patients. All subjects are adult. lateral cephalogram was taken with standard method, traced, and digitized for each subjects. The computerized statiscal analysis was carried out with SPSS program. The results were as follows: 1. In class II malocclusion group, variables significant different from normal occlusion group were as follows SN-FOP, FH-BOP, MP-BOP, AB-BOP, AB-FOP, Facial plane-BOP, FP-FOP. 2. In class II malocclusion group, the posterior facial height -especially posterior lower facial height-was significantly smaller than normal occlusion group.( P < 0.05) 3. In class II malocclusion group, the angles bEStween occlusal plane and upper and lower incisor, the angle between upper molar and bisected occlusal plane we e significantly larger than those of normal occlusion group. (P < 0.05) 4. LI to Mandibular plane (mm) was a unique factor of occlusal plane position that showed significant difference in class -Il1 malocclusion group. 5. The correlation between overbite and occlusal plane inclination existed in class II malocclusion group, but the correlation didn't exist in normal occlusion group.
Adult ; Dental Occlusion* ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Malocclusion ; Molar ; Overbite

Most cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) can be diagnosed based on symptoms of severe respiratory failure during the neonatal period or fetal ultrasonography. However, some rare cases are diagnosed in late childhood or adolescence. In this case report, I describe an 11-year-old male patient diagnosed with late-onset CDH presenting with acute abdominal pain. The patient had recently experienced anorexia, nausea, and vomiting after eating. However, he reported no abdominal pain or past history of trauma. The abdomen was generally convex. All laboratory data were within normal limits. A chest X-ray revealed elevation of the left diaphragm. Chest computed tomography showed a defect in the left diaphragm. Based on the above radiologic findings, emergency surgery was performed after the diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia. A surgical incision was performed in the left subcostal area. Finally, late-presenting Bochdalek hernia was diagnosed. The operation was completed and no specific findings on chest X-ray were found after surgery. The patient was discharged on the fourth day after surgery. In conclusion, CDH in late childhood or adolescence is rare and has various clinical manifestations. To avoid complications such as strangulation and bowel perforation, emergency surgery may be required. Thus, it is necessary to suspect CDH in children with recurrent gastrointestinal or respiratory symptoms, based on which an accurate diagnosis can be made and successful surgical treatment can be performed.

PURPOSE: The survival of bone marrow derived stem cell was reported several times. But the survival of adipose tissue derived stem cells(hASCs) was not mentioned on. We studied the adipose tissue derived stem cell's survival and effect on articular cartilage in rabbits. METHODS: Osteoarthritis was induced in twenty New Zealand white rabbits by intraarticular injection of monosodium iodoacetate(MIA). After four weeks, hASCs were also injected into the knee joints space without any vehicle, but the control group received phosphate buffered saline only. The histologic grade of articular cartilage was measured in 4 and 8 weeks after the transplantation of hASC and the viability of injected stem cells measured by Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (FISH) examination. RESULTS: After 4 and 8 weeks from hASCs transplantation, histologic grade was not significantly difference between two groups(p>0.05), and the Y chromosome of the transplanted hASCs was not detected in articular cartilage. CONCLUSION: We found that direct injection of hASC in joint space didn't work on damaged articular cartilage repair.
Adipose Tissue ; Bone Marrow ; Cartilage, Articular ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Injections, Intra-Articular ; Joints ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Osteoarthritis ; Rabbits ; Stem Cells ; Transplants ; Y Chromosome

This study was designed to reveal the correlationship between the internal derangement state of TMJ and clinical characteristics including pain and mandibular dusfuntion. One hundred and twenty five subjects with TMJ signs and symptoms were chosen for two years. The level of pain and mandibular dysfuntion were evaluated by Visual Analog Scale(VAS) and Craniomandibular Index(CMI). The diagnostic categories of TMJ internal derangement were determined by arthrography and they included normal disc position, anterior disc displacement with reduction(ADDR), rotational disc displacement with reduction(RDDR), andterior disc displacement without reduction(ADDNR), and rotational disc displacement without reduction(RDDNR). Also disc perforation was used as a criteria to divide the diagnostic subgroups. The obtained results were as follows ; 1. The patient distribution of each group was 5 in normal disc position(4%), 40 in ADDR(32%), 30 in RDDR(24%), 34 in ADDNR(27%), and 16 in RDDNR(13%). 2. Perforation was observed in 8% of ADDR, 10% of RDDR, 32% of ADDNR, and 19% of RDDNR. 3. CMI of perforation group was higher than that of reduction or normal group(P<0.005), but vas showed no significant difference. 4. CMI of non-reduction group was higher than that of non-perforation group in reduction group(P<0.05). 5. There were no significant differences of CMI and VAS between anterior disc displacement group and rotational disc displacement group in both reduction and non-reduction group. 6. CMI of RDDNR group was higher than that of RDDR group(P<0.05). 7. There were no significant difference of CMI and VAS between bilateral involvement group and unilateral involvement group(p>0.05).
Arthrography ; Humans ; Temporomandibular Joint*

Management of infantile and early childhood onset strabismus should be completed during early childhood to gain better binocular function and vision. The author experienced 38 adult patients who had horizontal strabismus without any adequate treatment lasting over 14 years with onset before 6 years of age. They showed large angle of deviation and deep amblyopia. After surgery, stereopsis was never developed in all of the 14 congenital strabismic patients, whereas 30% of the 24 patients with acquired onset showed gross stereopsis. There was abnormal muscular contracture requiring adjustable stutre. All of the patients showed abnormal character psychologically. This study revealed that the lunger the duration of misalignment, the greater the chance of deep amblyopia large angle of deviation, abnormal sensory and motor adaptation, psychological influence, and ahnormal muscular contracture. Therefore early initiation of therapy during early childhood should be emphasized.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult* ; Amblyopia ; Contracture ; Depth Perception ; Humans ; Strabismus* ; Telescopes

A 34-year-old female had an unusual case of cellular blue nevus which had behaved in a locally aggressive fashion. The lesion infiltrsted the adjacent soft tissue of left nail bed and extended into deep phalangeal bone. The involved left thumb was partially amputated because complete excision was impossible and we were quite concerned about malignant transformation. Histologically biphasic pattern without cellular atypism, a characteristic features of cellular blue nevus, was shown. About 2 years later, the lesion had not recurred.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Nevus, Blue* ; Thumb

Arteriovenous malfomation poses an unsolved, uncontrollable surgical challenge. Many therapeutic modalities have been introduced, but the great recurrence of the malformation after the radical resection should not be ignored. The altered hemodynamic conditions and newly formed ischemic areas after the surgical resection can accelerate the dormant artervenous shunt and stimulate the expansion of regional collaterals. So, the appropriate reconstruction method must be considered to prevent its recurrence. We have our own therapeutic principles; preoperative selective embolization, radical resection with saving the important structures, and well-vascularized tissue reconstruction such as island or free flap. 5 patients with facial arteriovenous malformations (2 on the temple, 2 on the auricle, 1 on the cheek), were treated with this modality and this concept can be expected to provide great remission of arteriovenous malformation. Free flap transfers were used in 3 cases. The feeding vessels of the arteriovenous malformation were used as recipient vessels of free flap, and so such hemodynamic redistribution of flow also limited the development of new arteriovenous shunts in ischemic field of resection.
Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Recurrence

We can classify the vasular anomalies into hemangiomas and vascular malformations in accordance with Mulliken's classification. But most surgeons and physicians have not yet been used to these terminologies and so incoherent terms have frequently caused problematic confusion in the interdepartment discussion, many trial and errors and uncontrollable patients' distrust with the waste of time in spite of various kinds of therapeutic practices. It is primarily important that the selection of therapeutic methods must be decided, assuming the usage of an accurate diagnosis and academic terms. The differntial diagnosis between hemangiomas and superficial vascular malfomations (capillary or venous malformations) is especially bewared and then the surgical resection is always considered as a method of treatment modalities, especially at any time whenever other practices end in failure or ineffective. Sometimes, patient's descriptions and clinical features of lesions during follow up periods are more helpful in the diagnosis of lesions than other studies especially in long-term or recurred, complicated vascular lesions. In primay venous malformations, we have tried surgical resections and in recurred cases radical resection and immediate reconstruction with normally vascularized flap have been applied. Such normally vascularized island and free flaps can prevent the postoperative ischemic bed from stimulating the dormant or inactivated shunts and causing new pathologic potentials of recurrence. Over a 2-year period, 16 patients underwent surgery. Of the 16 patients, 8 superficial vascular anomalies had previous malpractices such as inappropriate laser therapy or steroid. They had all surgical resection and reconstructive procedure if needed. The another 8 patients of venous malformations involving the face, neck and hand had radical resection and reconstruction with a normally vascularized island or free flap for prevention of recurrence. The mean follow-up period was 11 months and no recurrence was observed.
Classification ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Hand ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Neck ; Recurrence ; Vascular Malformations

To evaluate the usefulness of indocyanine green (ICG) iris angiography in darkly pigmented iris and to investigate whether the anterior segment ischemia can be produced by tenotomies of two or more rectus muscles in rabbits, twenty one eyes of 21 pigmented rabbits wer divided into four groups according to the surgical procedures. Group I (2 eyes) underwent only conjunctival peritomy as a control. Group II (6 eyes), Group III (9 eyes), Group IV (4 eyes) underwent tenotomies of two, three and four rectus muscles, respectively. All these eyes underwent ICG iris angiography at pre-op, post-op 10 housrs, 3 days, 7 days and 14 days. In eight eyes of Group I and Group II, fluorescein iris angiography was taken simultaneously. The quality of fluorescein iris angiography was much lower in the pigmented iris and the interpretation was more difficult compared to ICG iris angiography. The peritomy (Group I) or tenotomies of two rectus muscles (Group II) produced no circulatory defect of the iris even after 10 hours postoperatively. After tenotomies of three rectus muscles (Group III) there were transient mild filling defects in superior or inferior sector of iris in 7 of 9 eyes. These defects lasted for 1 to 3 days. Tenotomies of four rectus muscles (Group IV) produced transient filling defects which lasted for 1 to 7 days. ICG iris angiography was suitable for the evaluation of anterior segment circulation in darkly pigmented iris, thus, it can be applied to the coriental brown iris. And in contrast to the previous concept that the rabbits iris arteries derive solely from the long posterior ciliary arteries, circulatory disturbance of iris, even though transient, could be produced by severance of rectus muscles.
Angiography* ; Arteries ; Ciliary Arteries ; Fluorescein ; Indocyanine Green* ; Iris* ; Ischemia* ; Muscles ; Rabbits* ; Tenotomy

The gray vibrissae of Korean males(n =189) between 15 and 75 years old and females(n =111) between-15 and 74 years old who visited the department of otorhinolaryngology, Konkuk university Chungju hospital during 1996 to 1998, were counted for the purpose of estimating approximate age range in individuals of unknown age . The lowest age appearing gray hairs in both sexes was 15-year-old. The Pearson's correlation coefficient in both sexes was 0.490 (p<0.01). The age appearing gray vibrissae in females was slightly earlier than that of males, however, the differences between right and left sides of nasal cavity were insignificant. This method of counting gray vibrissae would be useful to estimate age range in personal identification together with other methods available until now.
Adolescent ; Aged ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Female ; Hair* ; Humans ; Male ; Nasal Cavity ; Otolaryngology ; Vibrissae*