PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe and to analyze real communication about a patient's discomfort between a patient with cancer and a nurse. METHOD: A dialogue analysis method was utilized. Fifteen patients and 4 nurses who participated in this research gave permission to be videotaped. The data was collected from January, 3 to February 28, 2006. RESULTS: The communication process consisted of 4 functional stages: 'introduction stage', 'assessment stage', 'intervention stage' and 'final stage'. After trying to analyze pattern reconstruction in the 'assessment stage' and 'intervention stage', sequential patterns were identified. In the assessment stage, if the nurse lead the communication, the sequential pattern was 'assessment question-answer' and if the patient lead the communication, it was 'complaint-response'. In the intervention stage, the sequential pattern was 'nursing intervention-acceptance'. CONCLUSION: This research suggests conversation patterns between patients with cancer and nurses. Therefore, this study will provide insight for nurses in cancer units by better understanding communication behaviors.
Adult ; Aged ; *Communication ; Female ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/nursing/*psychology ; Nurse's Role/psychology ; Nurse-Patient Relations ; Nursing Methodology Research ; Nursing Staff, Hospital/*psychology ; Tape Recording

From October, 1984 to December, 1988, 1177 cases of posterior chamber lens were implanted. Clinical study was done on 1030 cases which could be followed up for more than 2 months. The results were as follows: 1. The best corrected visual acuity of 0.5 or better was in 981 cases(95.2%) and 1.0 or better was in 676 cases(65.6%). 2. the best corrected visual acuity was achieved with the correction of average -1.07 +/- 1.28D by spherical equivalent. 3. The postoperative astigmatism was average 1.57 +/- 1.70D. 4. The difference between the calculated prediction of postoperative refraction and the actual postoperative refraction was less than 1.00D in 64.1% and calculated prediction tended to be biased toward hypermetropia with mean error of 0.37 +/- 1.21D.
Astigmatism ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Hyperopia ; Visual Acuity

BACKGROUNDThe technique of intersphincteric resection of tumors combined with coloanal anastomosis has been used to avoid permanent colostomy for patients with a rectal cancer located < 5 cm from the anal verge. This study aimed at assessing the preservation of continence function of the residual rectum and the clinical prognosis of patients with lower rectal cancer after intersphincteric resection using a prolapsing technique.

METHODSThis study included patients with the following inclusion criteria: (1) pathological evidence of rectal cancer and the tumors within distal margins located 5 cm or less from the anus by preoperative endoscopic examination; (2) no evidence by MRI of infiltration of either the external sphincter, puborectalis or the levator muscle; (3) the patients are eligible for intersphincteric resection and lower coloanal anastomosis with a preoperative biopsy showing the tumors with well-to-moderate differentiation. From January 2000 to June 2004, 23 patients with low rectal cancer were included in this study. We used the standard abdominoperineal approach to perform radical resection of tumors with excision of the mesorectum and total or part of the internal sphincters. The patients were followed for assessment of the function of the residual rectum and of cancer recurrence after the operations.

RESULTSThe median tumor distance from the anal margin was 4.5 (range 3.5 - 5.0) cm and the mean distal surgical margin 1.6 (range 1.0 - 2.0) cm. Cancer was classified into Stage I (30.4%), Stage II (47.8%), and Stage III (21.7%) according to the TNM classification. Two patients developed anastomotic fistula after the surgical resection and 2 patients (8.7%) developed later stages of anastomotic stricture at the site of coloanal anastomosis. The median follow-up period was 31.5 months (range 12 - 54) and 2 patients (8.7%) developed local recurrence. Three deaths were associated with distal organ metastasis. Twenty patients (87.0%) have maintained competence to control solid or liquid stool and the capacity of flatus continence after the surgery. Among these patients, 2 patients were able to control solid stool and occasionally lose continence of liquid stool. And only 1 patient (4.4%) has retained partial rectum function with good continence of solid stool but not liquid after the operations. Average times of defecation per day of 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after the surgery were 13.1, 4.7, 3.1, 2.9, and 3.2 times/day. Anal manometer measurements showed a decrease of pressure during the resting time after intersphincteric resection and this change remained during the period of follow-up. The maximum squeeze pressure was improved after an initial decrease after the surgery.

CONCLUSIONSMore residual rectum function after the surgery may be preserved by intersphincteric resection of low rectum cancer. At the same time this technique is safe with few postoperative complication and low tumor recurrence after the surgery.

Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Prognosis ; Rectal Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Rectum ; pathology

Purpose: In delayed myelopathy (DM) from osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF), the mechanisms of spinal cord impingement differ according to the stability of the fractured vertebra. This study examined the availability of a posterior surgery comprised of pedicle screw augmentation with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and selective anterior reinforcement (PS-PMMA+SAR) according to the stability. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective single-center study. The consecutive patients who had a PS-PMMA+SAR for a DM from OVCF and were followed up more than two years were reviewed. Thirty patients were eligible for this study. All patients used fenestrated screws for PMMA augmentation. Anterior reinforcement was selected according to the stability. The unstable type was done by filling the vacuum cleft with bone chips or PMMA, and the stable type was done by vertebral body anterior translation with/without an interbody bone graft. The radiological and functional outcomes were evaluated. Results: There were 20 unstable and 10 stable cases. The regional kyphotic angle was improved significantly from 31.3°±10.8° to 10.4°±8.3° (p<0.001). The anterior vertebral height ratio was improved significantly from 39.4%±17.1% to 86.4%±9.2% (p<0.001). The spinal canal invasion ratio was improved significantly from 39.2%±14.8% to 19.1%±10.8% (p<0.001). The walking ability was improved mostly by two Nurick’s grades (p<0.001). The Oswestry disability index was improved from 72% to 33% (p<0.001). Conclusion Posterior surgery with PMMA-augmented pedicle screws, and selective anterior reinforcement for DM from OVCF was available to achieve a good functional and radiological outcome.

Gastric tuberculosis is a rare disease. It usually occurs secondarily to another lesions and mainly in the lungs. Only a few cases of primary gastric tuberculosis have been reported in the literature. Most commonly, gastric tuberculosis lesion locates in the lesser curvature side of the antrum. Therefore the clinical picture is similar to the peptic ulcer. A 24-year-old women visited to the Inha university hospital complaining of vomiting and epigastric discomfort. Gastrofiberscopy showed multiple polypoid mass around the pylorus with stenotic pyloric channel. Subtotal gastrectomy was performed and histologic examination revealed chronic granulomatous inflammation with caseation necrosis. That is compatible with tuberculosis. The patient was taken antituberculosis medication without complication. So we report the case of pyloric obstruction due to gastric tuberculosis with review of the literature.
Female ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lung ; Necrosis ; Peptic Ulcer ; Pyloric Stenosis ; Pylorus ; Rare Diseases ; Tuberculosis* ; Vomiting ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Extremities

BACKGROUND: The exercise stress testing(Treadmill Test) is one of the preferred noninvasive methods of identifying patients with coronary artery disease. ST-segment elevation during or immediately after exercise is uncommon and in most patients, it was associated with prior infarction, left ventricular hypertrophy or left bundle branch block, Exercise-induced ST-segment elevation has been attributed to ventricular wall motion abnormalities, and ischemia due to either coronary vasospasm or ervere proximal coronary stenosis. We examined the clinical, angiographic, and prognostic significance of 16 patients with exercise induced ST-segment elevation. METHODS: 16 patients with exercise-induced ST-segment elevation were retrospectively reviewed. The symptom-limited exercis testing was performedn using a modified Bruce protocol and in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI), low level exercise testing(Myocardial infarction protocol) was used. The significant ST-segment elecation was defined as a > or =1mm change present in >1 lead measured at 0.08 sec after J point and in > or =3 consecutive beats. Coronary arteriogram and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA) was performed using standard techniques within 7 days of initial exercise testing and a luminal diameter stenosis of >50% was considered significant. RESULTS: 1) We have studied 2076 exercise tests and 16 patients(M/F:15/1, Mean age : 58 years) developed exercise-induced ST-segment elevation. The initial diagnosis were acute myoca rdial infarction(AMI) in 12, variant angina in 2, effort angina in 1 and unstable angina in 1 patient. 9 of 12 patients with AMI were treated with thrombolytic agent(Urokinase 2.5 to 3 million unit) within 6 hours from the onset of chest pain. 2) Mean maximal ST-segment elevation was 2.6mm(range 1-5mm). The leads which showed exercise-induced ST-segment elevation were corresponded to the location of severe coronary stenosis in typical effort angina, to spasm site in variant angina, and to infarction site in AMI. 11 Patients had follow-up exercise testing and showed abolition of exercise-induced ST-segment elevation in 4 of 5 patients with AMI and 1 patient with effort angina after PTCA, and 1 patient with variant angina and 3 of 4 patient with AMI after medication. 3) In 12 patients, coronary angiography was performed, and showed 95% and 90% stenosis at proximal LAD in 2 patients with effort angina and >80% stenosis at proximal or mid lesion of infarct-related artery in 7 patients with AMI. In variant angina, one patient showed normal coronary artery and another patient showed 60% stenosis at mid LAD. On LV angiogram, there were moderate to severe hypokinesia instead of akinesia or dyskinesia at infarction site in all patients with AMI and showed normal LV contractility in patients with effort or variant angina. PTCA were successfully performed in 7 patients(effort angina 2, AMI 5). 4) The clinical follow up for 16 patients were obtained for mean follow-up duration of 17 months and during the clinical follow-up, 1 variant angina patient with mild stenosis at proximal LAD was died with ventricular fibrillation after discontinution of medication. There were CABG due to restenosis in 1 patient and cerebrovascular accident in 1 patient. CONCLUSION: 1) The exercise-induced ST-segment elevation signifies severe ischemia due to either severe proximal coronary stenosis or coronary arterial spasm. In AMI, this findings suggests the residual ischemia(or residual viable myocardium) in addition to left ventricular dyssynergy or aneurysm. 2) Adverse cardiac events can be provented by revascularization in patients who had critical coronary stenosis and by medical therapy in those with coronary vasospasm or mild coronary stenosis.
Aneurysm ; Angina, Unstable ; Arteries ; Bundle-Branch Block ; Chest Pain ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Stenosis ; Coronary Vasospasm ; Coronary Vessels ; Diagnosis ; Dyskinesias ; Exercise Test ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Hypokinesia ; Infarction ; Ischemia ; Phenobarbital ; Retrospective Studies ; Spasm ; Stroke ; Ventricular Fibrillation

PURPOSE: An effective medical interview is essential in the establishment of a good doctor-patient relationship and in the establishment of an accurate diagnosis. This article describes medical students' change of thought regarding the importance of learning interview skills and other skills before and after an educational course on medical interviewing skills METHODS: First year medical school students enrolled in a course on medical interviewing skills for 12 weeks, 2 hours per week December 2000, for 9 weeks, 2 hours per week August 2001, at Keimyung University Medical School. The students were divided into 10 groups for workshops. Using questionnaire, we obtained the results about the change of students' beliefs between the first and last class. Statistical analysis using SPSS(version 10.0) software programme, Chi-square test, paired t-test and Pearson's correlation. RESULTS: The medical students believed that learning interview skills and other skills was more important after the course. There was also an increase in the number of students who thought they could improved their skills. In addition, the students practiced the skills in their personal like with family and friends. After the course, the students chose "kind doctor and average ability" as a future professional description instead of "unkind doctor but very excellent". The effect of learning the skills to treat patients for future practice was above average. After the course, however, less students perceived the importance of learning such skills for future practice. CONCLUSION: After the enrollment in an interviewing skills course, medical studnets believed that learning interviewing and other skills was more important than prior to the course. After the course, however, less students believed the effect of learning the skills for future practice was important. Thus, we thought it was important to consider the optimal time period for such an educational intervention to improve clinical skills and the doctor-patient relationship.
Clinical Competence ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Education, Medical ; Friends ; Humans ; Learning ; Schools, Medical ; Students, Medical ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic, systemic, noncascating, granulomatous disease with protean clinical manifestations. Although the first description of sarcoidosis is attributed to Hutchinson, its ocular features received little attention until 1936 when Heerfordt's syndrome of uveitis, salivary gland enlargement, and cranial nerve palsies was recognized as a sign of sarcoidosis. The incidence and prevalence of sarcoidosis vary widely between countries and among ethnic groups within a country. The types of ocular abnormalities encountered were classified into three categories (1) anterior segment disease (2) posterior segment disease (3) orbital and other disease. Anterior segment structures were affected most often. Chronic granulomatous uveitis was the most common ocular manifestation of sarcoidosis. We have experienced a 25 year old male who had uveitis, vitreous hemorrhage over the optic disc and peripheral retina and hilar lymphadenopathy. In the course of corticosteroid treatment, uveitis and vitreous hemorrhage were subsided gradually, leaving the peripapillary glial proliferations.
Adult ; Cranial Nerve Diseases ; Ethnic Groups ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Male ; Orbit ; Prevalence ; Retina ; Salivary Glands ; Sarcoidosis* ; Uveitis* ; Vitreous Hemorrhage*

The reconstruction of activity and of work patterns has been approached by examinations of activity-related skeletal markers. Among several different methods, in particular, a number of anthropologists have widely applied the patterns of enthesopathies and degenerative joint disease in studies of past activity. The purpose of this study is to better understand and use these indicators in reconstructing the levels of physical activities of past populations. This review will provide information on the most recent anthropological research on the behavioral interpretation on degenerative joint disease and enthesopathies, to better use these indicators in understanding past populations. There are obvious limitations in using these markers, and it is necessary to consider them. Firstly, it is uncertain as to whether there are certain activities that are performed repetitively throughout their lives of those who lived in past civilizations. A second limitation involves the etiology of skeletal markers related to mechanical stress. There are multiple-factors, including genetic predisposition, sex, the aging process, and diet that may affect the way people practice a specific activity. Accordingly, this makes it difficult to evaluate the underlying etiological factors and their roles in activity-related skeletal changes. In conclusion, to circumvent these limitations, the use of multiple skeletal markers together in studies of the activities of past populations may enable to more reliable interpretations. However, to ensure more reliable interpretations, the validity of such combinations of makers should be challenged. Therefore, more work on the validity of activity-related markers is needed to clarify the activities that are responsible for the development in life of the features observable in skeletal populations. This type of research can contribute to the discussion of the use of activity-related skeletal markers in studies of behavioral interpretations with more certainty regarding which morphological characteristics are responses to physical activity and mechanical loading as the pathogenesis of such characteristics.
Aging ; Civilization ; Diet ; Dietary Sucrose ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Joint Diseases ; Motor Activity ; Rheumatic Diseases ; Stress, Mechanical