No abstract available.
Dissent and Disputes

One of the patellar function is to protect the femoral condyle from direct blowing to knee, so it is known that ligament injuries of the knee are rare in the presence of patellar fracture. We experienced four cases of posterior cruciate ligament injury associated with patellar fracture. Unfortunately, three cases were initially neglected, and one case was identified by visualization on avulsed posterior tibial spine in plain X-ray film. We reviewed these cases and obtained several results as follows; 1. Among four cases, three cases(75%) are fractured at the lower pole of patella without displacement and one case is a longitudinal fracture. 2. We consider possible two mechanisms of this injury; first, in flexed knee, posteriorly directed force on the proximal tibia produces posterior cruciate ligament injury followed by avulsed fracture at the lower pole of patella. Second, by fall on a flexed knee, the load is sustained on the inferior pole of the patella first and continuously drives the tibia backwards producing posterior cruciate ligament injury. We recommend that all surgeon should be aware of possibility of the ligament injury in the presence of patellar fracture, especially in lower pole fracture.
Knee ; Ligaments ; Patella ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Spine ; Tibia ; X-Ray Film

No abstract available.

Iron deficient state occurs commonly in the athlets, and the cause may be inadequate iron intake, loss of iron from sweat, blood loss of gastrointestinal tract, and hematuria. The age of the athletes ranged from 11 to 17 years old. I messured red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and related hematologic factors in the 32 adolescent female athletes and 21 female controls. a hematologic comparison was perfomed between the athletes and controls. The results obtained were as follows: 1) A value of hemoglobin were 11.6+/-1.4g/dl in the athletes and 12:4+/-0.8g/dl in controls (p<0.05). 2) Hematocrits were 34.1+/-3.4% in the athletes and 37.4+/-2.3% in controls (p<0.05). 3)A value of red bolld cell distribution width values were 13.9+/-2.1% in the athletes and 12.2+/-1.1% in controls (p<0.05). 4) Serum iron was 87.7+/-30.3ug/dl in the athletes and 121.8+/-39.0ug/dl in controls (p<0.001). 5) Total iron binding capacity was 445:6+/-31.8ug/dl in the athletes and 384:6+/-54.2ug/dl in controls (p<0.001). 6) Mean transferrin saturation values were 19.7+/-6.9% in the athletes and 32.5+/-10.8% in control (p<0.001). 7) Ferritin was 14.5+/-10.0ng/ml in the athletes and 33.9+/-13.9ng/ml in controls (p<0.001). 8) The duration of exercise was 4.8+/-2.5 years in the stage III iron deficiency, whil 3.0+/-2.0 years in normal group in iron deficient state (p<0.05).
Adolescent* ; Athletes* ; Erythrocyte Count ; Female* ; Ferritins ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hematocrit ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Iron* ; Sweat ; Transferrin

Glutathione S-Tanaferase (GST) is tripeptide, which plays a central role in the detoxification of electrophilic xenobioticas, including cytotoxic drugs and carcinogens, by conjugation with redueed glutathione. There are four major claases af human GST : pi, alpha, mu and rnicrosomal, They are propoaed as a marker for human and experimental neoplasia iincluding liver, kidney, lung,colon, uterine cervix, etc. Expression of pi, alphn, mu form of GST in control (15 cases), CIN (14 cases), invasive carcinoma (28 cases) of human uterine cervix was investigated immunohistochemically. They were selected fram September, 1992, to,June, 1992, in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei university College of medicine. In nucleus, the expresaion of GST pi was increased statistically significant in case of CIN and invasive Ca. of Cx. compared to control(p=0.018, p=0.002). But expression of GST alpha, mu has no significant difference in each case. In cytoplasms, the expvession of GST pi was increased statistically significani, in case of CIN and invasive Ca. of Cx. (p=0.001, p<0.001). But expreasion of GST alpha, mu has no significant differenrce in each case. There was no statistically significant diHerence in expression of GST isoenzymes oC each nucleua and cytoplasm according to stage and cell type in Ca. oC Cx. The further evaluation of survival and expression of GST pi in Ca. of Cx. in order to establish new prognostic factor in Ca. of Cx.
Carcinogens ; Cervix Uteri* ; Cytoplasm ; Female ; Glutathione Transferase* ; Glutathione* ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Isoenzymes* ; Kidney ; Liver ; Obstetrics

The reconstruction of soft tissue defects with open fracture around the knee joint is limited by its unique location. Free tissue transfer is hindered by the selection of the recipient vessel and problems of microsurgery. The arc of rotation, defect size, and location must be taken into consideration in the use of regional muscle transfer such as gastrocnemius. According to Mathes et al, the flap survival can be enhanced by selective division of the dominant segmental pedicles, only a part of which can normally be transposed safely on its minor segmental pedicle. Neovascularization, vascular proliferation, and dilatation have also been produced by the delay procedure using silicone sheets. The authors have used the delay procedures with wrapping of the gracilis or sartorius muscle which enabled distally-based transposition of these muscles. The method showed satisfactory outcome in resurfacing the wound around the knee joint. The indictions for this procedure were defects of moderate size and those difficult to reach with conventional muscle flaps. The flap could reach the upper one-third of the lower leg. Other merits are relative simplicity and reliability without significant extension of hospital stay. The drawbacks are the two operative procedures necessary and the risk of infection due to silicone sheets.
Dilatation ; Fractures, Open ; Knee Joint* ; Knee* ; Leg ; Length of Stay ; Microsurgery ; Muscles ; Silicones ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Wounds and Injuries*

No abstract available.
Mandibular Fractures ; Osteomyelitis ; Transplants

Acute renal cortical necrosis in which there is destruction of the renal cortex and sparing of the renalmedulla, is a relatively rare cause of acute renal failure. A definitive diagnosis of acute renal corticalnecrosis is based on renal biopsy, but on CT(computed tomography) the rather specific contrast-enhanced appearance of acute renal cortical necrosis has been described. As renal biopsy is not available, contrast-enhanced CT is auseful, noninvasive investigate modality for the early diagnosis of acute renal cortical necrosis. We report the characteristic CT findings of acute renal cortical necrosis in a patient with acute renal failure following anoperation for abdominal trauma.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Kidney Cortex Necrosis* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

Mutation of p53 gene is one of t.he commonest genetic changes in the development of human cancer including ovary. We intvestigated the diagnostic usefulness of the demonstration of p53 gene immunoreactivity in ovarian cancers, because immunochemical demonstration of p53 immunoreactivity is inexpensive, easily controlled and can be applied in routine pathology laboratories. p53 immunoreactivity was not identified in any patients in whom there was no morphological evidence of neoplasia. ln contrast, in contrast, in 46% of patients of ovarian cancer, p53 immunoreactivity was identified. Overexpression of gene correlated with advanced stage but did not corre1ate with grade, cell type and tumor size.
Female ; Genes, p53* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Ovary ; Pathology