MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are a newly discovered class of small noncoding RNAs that rcgulate gene expression by translational repression or mRNA degradation.It has become evident that miRNAs are involved in many important biological processes,including tissue differentiation and development,showing a tissue specificity and development-stage specificity.In the other hand,miRNAs play critical roles in neovascularization and a variety of pathophysiological processes,such as pathological angiogenesis,oxidative stress response,immune response and inflammation.Currently,miRNAs of the retina,lens and cornea have been established,and they would be potential therapeutic targets in the eye diseases.Here,the distribution of miRNAs in the eye and their role in ocular diseases were summarized.

Rectal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in China,and the incidence rate is rising year by year.Comprehensive treatment based on surgical operation is the major treatment of low rectal cancer.The treatment concept requires not only radical resection of tumor,but also preservation of the anal and urogenital function,to improve the quality of patients' life.By improving the accuracy of preoperative staging of rectal cancer,neoadjuvant therapy,and following the principle of total mesorectal excision,patients can benefit in terms of increased resection rate,decreased operation complication incidence,increased sphincter preservation,decreased local recurrence and increased overall survival rate.With the development of medical technology,minimally invasive surgery of low rectal cancer has been developed rapidly.In this paper,new progress in the surgical treatment of low rectal cancer will be reviewed.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Chinese herbal and western medicines(CHM & WM)combined with acupoint pulse-laser stimulation(APLS)for calculus of upper urinary tract.Methods Sixty cases of calculus of upper urinary tract were allocated to the treatment group(Group A,n=36)and the control group (Group B,n=24).Group A was treated with CHM & WM combined with APLS and Group B with CHM alone.Results The therapeutic effect rate was 94.4% and 75.0% in Group A and Group B respectively (P

Animals ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; Hepatitis C ; immunology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Mutation ; Viral Hepatitis Vaccines ; immunology

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is one of the most common causes of mental deterioration in elderly individuals, accounting for around 45~60% of the overall cases of dementia over 65 years of age. Although there is presently no "cure" for AD, a large number of potential therapeutic interventions have emerged to correct cholinergic dysfunctions. Currently, cholinergic therapy, particularly cholinesterase inhibition, represents the most realistic approach to the symptomatic treatment of AD. Modest efficacy for mild to moderate AD has been shown in well-designed clinical trials for tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantimine. Among other treatment options, estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women is under active investigation, but recent studies showed somewhat disappointing results. Epidemiological and clinical data suggest that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are beneficial in the treatment and prevention of AD. But prednisone and COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib showed no clinical benefit in recent studies. Alpha-tocopherol and gingko biloba showed some beneficial effect in delaying the progression of AD and enhancing cognitive functions. Immunization with beta amyloid peptide was considered to be the only method to prevent and halt disease progression in patients with AD. Recently, phase II clinical trial using synthetic beta amyloid peptide (AN-1792) was discontinued because some patients showed neuro-inflammation which may be caused by autoimmune responses.
Aged ; alpha-Tocopherol ; Alzheimer Disease* ; Amyloid ; Autoimmunity ; Celecoxib ; Cholinesterases ; Cognition ; Dementia ; Disease Progression ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy ; Female ; Ginkgo biloba ; Humans ; Immunization ; Methods ; Prednisone ; Rivastigmine ; Tacrine

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized hypertension patients with different metabolic abnormalities associated with cardiovascular disease.Methods 1 843 patients with diagnosis of hypertension were selected,including 327 patients with metabolic syndrome as the research object.Metabolic syndrome of different age,gender,abnormal components epidemic status were analyzed.Results Positive rates of overweight,dyslipidemia,hyperglycemia,cardiovascular disease in 327 patients were 42.20％,37.92％,35.17％,71.25％,the highest positive rate for cardiovascular disease was significantly higher than the other three indexs(x2 =56.22,73.28,85.51,all P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant differences in the rates of overweight between men and women (x2 =0.42,P ＞ 0.05).Dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia incidence of women were significantly more than those of men,there was statistically significant difference (x2 =5.73,6.47,all P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of cardiovascular disease in males was high than that in females (x2 =24.66,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Preventive different metabolic abnormalities need to take different measures according to age and gender.Weight control,blood lipids and blood sugar are the key to the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

The effects of exogenous Na-DL-3-hydroxybutyate (3-HOBNa)and insulin(I) on skeletal muscle protein metabolism in rats inflicctcd with 37% TBSA full thickness scalding were studied It was found that the scrum acctoacctatc (AcAc) of the burned animals showed no significant difference from the control on the 4th day postburn,but the free fatty acid (FFA) decreased markedly and the urinary 3 - methylhistididne(3-MH) excretion and the protein de -gradation rate of the soleus muscle of the injured hind limb increased na kedly.Infusion of 3-HOBNa for 3 consecutive days following burns could lower the urinary 3-MH excretion and the protein,degradation rate of the soleus muscle with no significant influence on the skeletal muscle protein anabolism.Moreover,investigations revealed that there was no syncrgistic effect of insulin-kctone body combinalioan on the anti-catabolic capacity in burned rats.

Objective To observe weight and serum leptin changes in epileptic women who taking valproate or topiramate. Method All 40 epileptic women were treated with valproate or topiramate. Weight and body mass index and serum leptin were measured before and after three months treatment. Result Nine of 20 patients taking valproate gained weight (≥4 kg), and their serum leptin concentration was increased as well [(13.2?3.6) ng/ml vs (7.4?3.0)ng/ml, P

For the patients with early breast cancer,the effects of breast-conserving surgery combined with radiotherapy and radical resection are equal,and the former shows less adverse reactions and better aes-thetic outcome. Because of individual differences and the inherent complexity of tumor,to obtain optimal effects,it is an inevitable trend of making an individual comprehensive therapy,which is a combination of radiotherapy,chemotherapy,endocrine therapy and targeted therapy.

Objective To investigate the effect of Naloxone in the pre-hospital care of AOPP.Methods 54 patients with the pre-hospital care of AOPP were divideded into two groups.The treatment group was treated with Naloxone,Atropine and Pyridine aldoxime methyliodide,the control group treated with Atropine and Pyridine aldoxime methyliodide,and the results were analyzed using t-test and x2 test.The efficacy of the two groupswas compareded.Results In the treatment group,the mumber of drug delivery and the dosage of Atropine were less.The recovery time of the actirity of Cholinesterase and the patients coma were shorter.Complications and mortality was significantly lower,but the cure rate was significantly higher than that of the control group.Conclusion Naloxone is effective and safe in the treatment the pre-hospital care of AOPP.It is worthy of clinical promotion.