The purpose of this paper is to compare the results, complications, advantages and disadvantages of treatment by flexible intramedullary nail with those by interlocked intramedullary nail in humeral shaft fractures. The authors analyzed 42 cases of humeral shaft fractures in patients who were treated by intramedullary nailing. Nineteen patients were treated with flexible I-M nail and twenty three patients were treated with interlocked I-M nail. Fourteen cases(74%) treated with flexible I-M nail were obtained primary bone union, and twenty one cases(91%) treated with interlocked I-M nail were obtained primary bone union. Five cases treated with flexible I-M nail and 2 cases treated with interlocked I-M nail failed union and the most common cause of nonunion was distraction. Flexible I-M nailing does not solve rotational deformity and could't obtain a high union rate due to distraction. Therefore, we recommend that adequate external support is considered to prevent distraction using the flexible I-M nail. Although we obtained a satisfactory union rate using by Seidel interlocked I-M nail, we must observe the distal spreading screw loosening during the follow up period. In bones with small diameter, sufficient reaming may be necessary, because the distal spreading screw can't spread well.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Humans

No abstract available.
Carboxyhemoglobin* ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia* ; Infant, Newborn*

Malignant hyperthermia is defined as a potentially fatal hypermetabolic syndrome characterized by hyperpyrexia, skeletal muscle rigidity, tachycardia, respiratory and metabolic acidosis, cyanosis etc. Any inhalation anesthetic agent or any skeletal muscle relaxant can trigger this acute catastrophic reaction. This case is presented of a 37 year old female patient in whom total gastrectomy was planed to perform under oxygen-nitrous oxide-isoflurane anesthesia with induction by thiopental sodium and succinylcholine. When administer of succinylcholine to induction, the jaw was very tight and the mouth was impossible to open. We retried with vecuronium and the jaw was slightly resistant to opening, but intubation was successfully performed. After induction, hyperpyrexia, tachycardia, increased end-tidal carbon dioxide developed. Anesthesia was terminated and vigorous emergency treatment was attempted. The patient was treated successfully with early detection and intensive care. According to decrease of temperature and normalization of arterial blood gas, the procedure continued with nontriggering agent, fentanyl. The etiologic factors, clinical features, treatment and preventive measures of malignant hyperthermia are discussed.
Acidosis ; Adult ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Anesthetics ; Carbon Dioxide ; Cyanosis ; Emergency Treatment ; Female ; Fentanyl ; Fever ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Critical Care ; Intubation ; Isoflurane ; Jaw ; Malignant Hyperthermia* ; Mouth ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Succinylcholine ; Tachycardia ; Thiopental ; Vecuronium Bromide

BACKGROUND: Propofol has a high incidence of pain with intravenous injection, and different methods have been used to minimize the incidence and severity of this pain. In this study, we have compared the effect of lidocaine pretreatment with that of ketamine pretreatment on propofol injection pain. METHODS: Ninety healthy female patients scheduled for general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups; saline group (n=30), lidocaine group (n=30) and ketamine group (n=30). Each patient received 2 ml of pretreatment solution (normal saline, 1% lidocaine, 0.5% ketamine) via 18G angiocatheter inserted in the antecubital fossa after applying an arm tourniquet inflated to 50 mmHg. The tourniquet was released 1 minute later, followed by intravenous injection of 2.5 mg/kg of propofol. The assessment of pain was made at the induction of anesthesia and in the recovery room, and the severity of pain was classified as none, mild, moderate, severe by one observer. RESULTS: The severity and incidence of pain diminished significantly in the lidocaine group and the ketamine group compared with the saline group at the induction of anesthesia (p<0.05) and there was no significant difference between the lidocaine group and the ketamine group. We had similar results in the recovery room and one patient from the saline group and the ketamine group had no recall regarding injection pain. CONCLUSION: Intravenous ketamine pretreatment is as effective as intravenous lidocaine pretreatment in alleviating the propofol injection pain.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Arm ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injections, Intravenous ; Ketamine* ; Lidocaine* ; Propofol* ; Recovery Room ; Tourniquets

Zonular traction tufts, which exist in 15% of normal population, do not cause retinal detachment by themselves but they can cause traction retinal detaehment when there is traction force added. It is thought that the possibility of development of retinal detaehment increases especially when zonular traetion tufts originate posterior to the vitreous base No case of traction retinal detachment caused by zonular traction tufts has been reported. Here, we report one suspected case of traction retinal detachment induced by zonular traction tufts and lens subluxation.
Lens Subluxation ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Traction*

Cisplatin has been widely used as chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancer and squamous cell carcinoma of lung. But cisplatin is highly toxic with nephrotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. The second generation drug of platinum compound, carboplatin was developed in 1980s to reduce side effects. Carboplatin has low nephrotoxicity but its major toxic effect is thrombocytopenia, In this study, the side effects of cisplatin and carboplatin were evaluated on 37 patients of cervical cancer in 169 chemotherpy cycles who were recieved combined VBP chemotherpeutic regimen consisting of cisplatin or carboplatin. Nephrotoxicity of grade 2 or over were 16% in cisplatin group and 1% in carboplatin group. Granulocytopenia of grade 2 or over were 34% in cisplatin group and 10% in carboplatin group. Thrombocytopenia of grade 2 or over were 7% in cisplatin group and 21% in carboplatin group. Gastrointestinal toxicity of grade 2 or over were 11% in cisplatin group and 0% in carboplatin group. This clinical study demonstrated that cisplatin has more toxic effects than carboplatin except thrombocytopenia.
Agranulocytosis ; Carboplatin* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cisplatin* ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; Lung ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Platinum ; Thrombocytopenia ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Twelve patients with inflammatory bowel disease had been operated at the department of surgery, Chonnam University Hospital during the period from March 1988 to February 1997. In this study, we report on the operative cases regarding age, sex, symptoms, duration of disease, location of disease, preoperative diagnosis, operative indication, frequency of operation, histopathologic findings and follow up. The results were as follows: 1) The male to female ratio in ulcerative colitis was 1 : 1, and the mean age was 54.5 years. In Crohn's disease, male to female ratio was 2.3 : 1 and the mean age was 42.1 years. 2) The mean duration of symptoms in ulcerative colitis was 39 months and in Crohn's disease was 13.9 months. The common symptoms in ulcerative colitis were abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, indigestion, weight loss and in Crohn's disease abdominal pain, palpable mass, weight loss, indigestion. Extraintestinal symptoms in Crohn's disease were cholelithiasis like symptom, anal fistula, anal fissure. 3) The involvement site in ulcerative colitis was large bowel only, but in Crohn's disease small bowel (50%), large bowel (20%), small and large bowel (30%) were involved. 4) Preoperative diagnosis in ulcerative colitis was accurate, but in Crohn's disease accurate diagnosis was made only in 20% and the other cases were operated under the impression of different diseases or conditions (intestinal tuberculosis (50%), bowel perforation (20%), mechanical ileus (10%)). 5) The indication of surgery in ulcerative colitis was intractability to medical treatment, on the other hand, in Crohn's disease most operative cases were made under the emergentconditions (bowel perforation, bowel obstruction, enterocutaneous fistula, abdominal mass). The frequency of operation in ulcerative colitis were two times in one case, three times in one cases. In Crohn's disease half of cases experienced two or three times of surgery. The method of operation in ulcerative colitis was total proctocolectomy with J-pouch ileoanal anastomosis. In Crohn's disease resection of diseased bowel segment was performed.
Abdominal Pain ; Cholelithiasis ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Colonic Pouches ; Crohn Disease ; Diagnosis ; Diarrhea ; Dyspepsia ; Female ; Fissure in Ano ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Humans ; Ileus ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases* ; Intestinal Fistula ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Rectal Fistula ; Tuberculosis ; Weight Loss

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between disease progression and expression of c-erbB-2 and S-100 protein positive dendritic cells in Cervical cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Tissues were analyzed from 100 patients. Each of them had invasive carcinoma(44), microinvasive(12), CIS(33), CIN(II) before treatment, c-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression and S-100 protein positive dendritic cell were confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. (Avidin-biotin complex method) RESULTS: C-erbB-2 immunostaining was significantly associated with disease progression (p<0.05). In case of CIN I, there was not noted stained specimen but in case of invasive carcinoma, 24 cases of stained specimen were noted. S-100 protein positive dendritic cell was not associated with disease progression of cervical carcinoma.(p>0.05) CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, c-erbB-2 is possible factor in Carcinogenesis of cervical carcinoma with progression of it. and S-100 protein positive dendritic cell was not associated with disease progression of cervical carcinoma.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Dendritic Cells* ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; S100 Proteins* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Forty children were anesthetized with either thiopental 5mg/kg followed by succinylcholine 1.5mg/kg I.V. or with isoflurane 3.5 vol% in 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen via a face mask followed by succinylcholine 1.5mg/kg I.V.. The study was randomized, in the thiopental group, fasciculation were seen in all children and in the isoflurane group, in 10 of 20 children(p<0.001). The intensity of the fasciculation was 1.6+/-0.7 in the thiopental group and 0.6+/-0.4 in the isoflurane group(p<0.001). The duration of fasciculstion was 35.6+/-13.6sec in the thiopental group and 9.0+/-8.0 sec in the isoflurane group(p<0.001). No cardiac arrhythmias were noted in either group, but heart rates were inereased significantly after intubation in both group(p<0.001). ln conclusion, isoflurane in nitrous oxide may inhibit succinylcholine-induced muscle fasciculation in children.
Anesthesia* ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Child* ; Fasciculation* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Intubation ; Isoflurane* ; Masks ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; Succinylcholine* ; Thiopental

BACKGROUND: The extent of disease in the nonventilated lung is a major determinant of the amount of blood flow to the nonventilated lung during one lung anesthesia. Collapse of a normal lung may be associated with a higher nonventilated lung blood flow and pulmonary shunt. The aim of this study was to compare the difference of pulmonary shunt and arterial oxygenation between right and left one lung ventilation in patients with normal lung in the supine position. METHODS: 50 patients for bilateral thoracic sympathectomy in the supine position were selected. Patient's data (MAP, HR, PaO2, and shunt) were collected and calculated after left lung ventilation (LLV) with 50% and 100% oxygen (20 minutes interval), and after right lung ventilation (RLV) as same method. Patient,s data were compared between left and right lung ventilation. RESULTS: Under 50% oxygen, PaO2 by LLV (78.0 +/- 12.0 mmHg) was lower than PaO2 by RLV (107.7 +/- 27.9 mmHg) and pulmonary shunt by LLV (28.0 +/- 4.8%) was higher than pulmonary shunt by RLV (22.0 +/- 5.7%). Under 100% oxygen, PaO2 by LLV (143.2 +/- 28.5 mmHg) was lower than PaO2 by RLV (201.1 +/- 3.6 mmHg) and pulmonary shunt by LLV (29.7 +/- 2.5%) was higher than pulmonary shunt by RLV (25.8 +/- 2.7%). CONLUSION: Under 50% oxygen, left lung ventilation in patient with normal lung has higher risk of hypoxemia compared to right lung ventilation during one lung anesthesia in the supine position.
Anesthesia ; Anoxia ; Humans ; Lung* ; One-Lung Ventilation* ; Oxygen* ; Supine Position ; Sympathectomy ; Ventilation