It is generally accepted that fractures should be treated by closed methods, however for certain femoral fractures in adults, closed methods yields an unacceptable high incidence of nounlon, malunion, delayed unlon, and disability. For these fractures various methods of open reduction and internal fixation have been recommended, but unfortunately, there are frequent reports of complications and failures. The recently developed association for study of Internal fixation (ASIF) compression plating apparatus, seems to satisfy the basic objectives of internal flxatlons: namely
Adult ; Femoral Fractures ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Walking

The suture materials influence the success of microvascular anastomosis importantly. The purpose of this experiment is to observe the effect of absorbable suture material and nonabsorbable suture material in microvascular anastomosis. The study was carried out on one side of carotid arteries of fourty rats which were anesthetized intraperitoneally with urethane. The experimental procedures differed in two groups, Group A in which the carotid artery was sutured with 10-0 monofilament polyglycolic acid, Group B in which the carotid artery was sutured with 10-0 monofilament nylon. Gross and histological examination were used to compare the results of end to end suture above two suture material. The results were as follows. 1. Nylon had greater tensile strength and ease of handling than polyglycolic acid, but held knots poorly. 2. Polyglycolic acid had difficult handling and lesser tenslie strength than nylon, but held knots hardly. 3. Polyglycolic acid had high patency rate, some lesser tissue response than nylon.
Animals ; Arteries ; Carotid Arteries ; Nylons ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Rats ; Sutures ; Tensile Strength ; Urethane

Bone marrow pressure is neither arterial pressure nor venous pressure of extremity, that is thought the precapillary pressure of bone. It is different between long bone and flat bone, and is also different in various site of the bone. Author measured bone marrow pressure of 84 normal femoral heads of Korean adults for basic data of early diagnosis of avascular necrosis of femoral head. The results are followings : 1. The baseline bone marrow pressure of Korean healthy adults is average 22.5 ±7.2mmHg. 2. The most significant change of bone marrow pressure in stress test is observed at 5 min. after injection of 5cc normal saline. 3. The increase of bone marrow pressure at 5 min. after stress test was average 7.4 ±4.4 mmHg. 4. Sex and age factors do not influence bone marrow pressure.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Arterial Pressure ; Bone Marrow ; Early Diagnosis ; Exercise Test ; Extremities ; Head ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Venous Pressure

Author take off the pelvic bone from the cadaver and made the accruate reconstructed the pelvic bone as well as normal bone. Then author setted the pelvic bone into the specialized acrylic globe as the normal person erect position. For the acetabular posterior wall, projected the radiologic beam from the 0°to 45°cephalad direction and then pelvic bone rotated internally 0°~45°, each section is 5°. For acetabular anterior wall, projected the radiologic beam from 0° to 45° caudal direction and pelvic bone rotated externally 0°~45°, each section is 5° too. From the pelvic bone experiments, author get on the good radiologic angle for acetabular anterior and posterior wall. Ane then make the radiologic projection for normal person as the pelvic experiment. In pelvic bone model experiment, For acetabular anterior wall and anterior colum, external rotation 20°~30° caudal tilting 30°~45° angle projection has good visualization. For acetabular posterior wall and posterior column (including anterior column partially), internal rotation 15°~20° cephalad tilting 15°~30°angle projection has the good visualization. In normal person experiment, For acetabular anterior wall and anterior column, external rotation 20°caudal tilting 30°angle projection shows the good visualization. For acetabular posterior wall and column (including anterior column partially) internal rotation 20°cephalad tilting 30°angle projection shows good visualization. From the pelvic bone model and normal person experiments, the following conclusion are obtained. 1. For posterior wall and posterior column(including anterior column partially), internal rotation 20°, cephalad tilting 30°view is good. 2. For anterior wall and anterior column, external rotation 20°, caudal tilting 30°view is good.
Acetabulum ; Cadaver ; Humans ; Pelvic Bones

No abstract available.
Delivery of Health Care* ; Family Practice* ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Insurance* ; Korea*

BACKGROUND: Smoking increases the risk of respiratory, cardiac diseases and cancer. This study is to ascertain the relationship between passive smoking, the modes of residence, its location and the immunoglobulin values as well as the eosinophil counts in relation to child patients suffering from bronchial or cardiac asthma. METHODS: The research was conducted at a general hospital with cooperation of 242 patients who had been hospitalized 1991 through 1995. We compared the average values of immunoglobulin between the groups of exposed and non-exposed to smoking by T-test. A same work for residential modes was done by T-tests, while the data regarding the residing locality were processed by ANOVA. RESULTS: Each values of TEC, IgE, IgA, and IgM in both groups has been analysed but spelling no significant differences. The group residing in apartments showed lower value of IgM than those of flats. CONCLUSIONS: The reason the IgM value of apartments is lower than that of flats is due to the difference of living quarters. This signifies the modes of residence may as well affect the IgE value.
Asthma ; Child* ; Eosinophils ; Heart Diseases ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunoglobulin M ; Immunoglobulins* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution*

BACKGROUND: Chrome has been known to be a toxic and poten sensitizer and is contained in materials with which we are in frequent contact. But we have few reports detailing chrome contact dermatitis by clothes or the chrome content of materials in out use. OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to evaluate the chrome content in rassieres. METHODS: We analyzed chrome in brassieres by using atomied absorption spectrophotometer, quantitatively and diphenylcarbazide method, qualitatively. RESULTS: The content of chrome in a 24 hour saline extracted g roup, a 48 hour saline extracted group and a pure nitric acid extracted group in the black was more abundant than in the reds or in the whites. But there was no aignificant difference in the different fabrics of the blacks. CONCLUSION: Although, in reality, it is hard to change chrome to an other substrate as the mordant of dyes, a limitation needed to prevent diseases induced by chrome during the process of dyeing. If someone has a sensitivity to chrome, it is necessary to wash new clothes before waring and to avoid black colored underwear.
Absorption ; African Continental Ancestry Group ; Coloring Agents ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Diphenylcarbazide ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Melanocytes ; Nitric Acid

BACKGROUND: Chrome has been known to be a toxic and poten sensitizer and is contained in materials with which we are in frequent contact. But we have few reports detailing chrome contact dermatitis by clothes or the chrome content of materials in out use. OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to evaluate the chrome content in rassieres. METHODS: We analyzed chrome in brassieres by using atomied absorption spectrophotometer, quantitatively and diphenylcarbazide method, qualitatively. RESULTS: The content of chrome in a 24 hour saline extracted g roup, a 48 hour saline extracted group and a pure nitric acid extracted group in the black was more abundant than in the reds or in the whites. But there was no aignificant difference in the different fabrics of the blacks. CONCLUSION: Although, in reality, it is hard to change chrome to an other substrate as the mordant of dyes, a limitation needed to prevent diseases induced by chrome during the process of dyeing. If someone has a sensitivity to chrome, it is necessary to wash new clothes before waring and to avoid black colored underwear.
Absorption ; African Continental Ancestry Group ; Coloring Agents ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Diphenylcarbazide ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Melanocytes ; Nitric Acid

No abstract available.
Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule*

Background: Fine needle aspiration and biopsy(FNAB) has known the most accurate test(about 90%) in the preoperative evaluation of patients with a thyroid nodule. The false negative findings of thyroid cancer by FNAB are mainly due to the aspiration of cystic fluid in cystic degeneration of thyroid cancer and the ipossibility of differentiation between follicular adenoma and carcinoma by aspiration or FNAB because of the failure to evaluate the capsule invasion or angioinvasion of the tumor. Actually more than 80% of the nodules are found as benign nodules in aspiration or FNAB and the findings of follieular lesions are found about half of the samples tested, so limiting the cancer incidence in surgically resected samples up to 50% of the surgical resection. Sa reasonable guidelines to manage the benign nodules on aspiration or FNAB are needed which can select the maligna~nt nodules with false negative findings on aspiration or FNAB. We tried to evaluate whether the thyroxine suppression therapy can increase the malignancy rates on thyroidectomy, Methods: We treated the benign thyroid nodules in FNAB with thyroxine for 1 year and cornpared the nodule volume change before and after treatment (every 6 month) with ultrasonogram. We performed thyroidectomy on 1~7 thyroid nodules wbich showed less than 50% decrease of nodule volume after 1 year of thyroxine suppression therapy. Results: The results were as follows. 1) Of all 17 patients, surgical resection revealed malignant thyroid nodule(Group I) in 10 cases (58.82%, papillary cancer. 6 cases, follicular cancer: 4 cases) and benign thyroid nodule(Group II) in 7 cases(41.18%, follicular adenoma: 4 cases, adenomatous goiter: 3 cases). 2) Between group I and II, there was no significant differences in serum T, T and TSH levels before and after thyroxine suppression therapy. Also, there were no significant difference in TSH suppression % between group I and group II(5.60+5.39%, 14.64+11.48%, respectively). 3) Thyroid nodule volume decrease percent before and after thyroxi~ne therapy showed no significant difference between group I and group II (124.80+54.18% vs 159.42+79.82%, p>0.05). Conclusion: Our data suggested that the benign thyroid nodules on aspiration or FNAB which were not suppressed in volume after thyroixine therapy revealed more than 50% incidence of malignancy on surgical resection, so these nodules were highly reeommended to surgical exploration.
Adenoma ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Goiter ; Humans ; Incidence ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroid Nodule ; Thyroidectomy ; Thyroxine ; Ultrasonography