The causes of pediatric urolithiasis are urinary tract infection as a result of urinary stasis, metabolic diseases and idiopathic origin. Geographically the incidence is higher in Asia than in any other parts of the world. Most recently, PNL was started to be applied not only for adult cases but also for pediatric urolithiasis. Our group was successful in treating two pediatric urolithiasis patients of 4 and 6 years of age by endourologic technique. In 4 year old male patient, renal stone and lower ureter stone were combined and severe hydronephrosis were present. PNL and URS were done simultaneously for this case. In 5 year old male patient, renal pelvis stone was treated by PNL. The compositions of the stones were calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate, respectively. The postoperative hospitalization was 5 days in both cases and they were discharged without any problem. In both cases, follow up IVP`s were done. We are reporting these two cases to two the successful treatment with adult endoscopes.
Adult ; Asia ; Calcium ; Calcium Oxalate ; Calculi* ; Child, Preschool ; Endoscopes ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Incidence ; Kidney Pelvis ; Male ; Metabolic Diseases ; Pediatrics ; Ureter ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Urolithiasis

A 71 years old housewife with epidermoid carcinoma of cervix was diagnosed as crossed renal ectopia (probably with fusion) incidentally by intravenous pyelography during baseline study of cervical carcinoma.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cervix Uteri ; Female ; Humans ; Urography

This report details the procedures used in the repair of refractory urethrovaginal fistula and a lower abdominal wall defect and extraction of a large vaginal stone. The stone was removed vaginally by extending Schuchardt`s incision. The urethrovaginal sublabial tunnel into the vagina and anchored to the bladder neck to seal the fistula sites. The lower abdominal wall defect was reconstructed with a left Tenosor Fascia Lata (TFL) myocutaneous flap transferred through the subinguinal tunnel. All problems were satisfactorily corrected.
Abdominal Wall* ; Fascia Lata* ; Fascia* ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Myocutaneous Flap* ; Neck ; Urinary Bladder ; Vagina

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Transforming growth factor-a(TGF-a) is a polypeptide cytokine related to cell proliferation and transformation. TGF-a binds to EGF receptor and stimulating DNA synthesis in liver cell. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) by itself is also believed to play a role in the hepatic carcinogenesis. Recently, it was reported that TGF-a and HBV were synergistic in action with rapid appearance of hepatocelluar carcinoma in bitransgenic mice. Although TGF- a is thought to play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis, its expression during the natural history of HBV hepatitis was poorly understood. This investigation was performed to elucidate the dynamic changes and istinct immunohistochemical staining patterns in the course of chronic HBV hepatitis with specific reference to hepatocelluar carcinoma and to explain the role of TGF-a in the pathogenesis of hepatocelluar carcinoma. MATERIALS/METHODS: Employing TGF-a monoclonal antibody, signal detection was carried out by peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin in deparaffinized liver tissue sections taken from HBsAg positive patients. All of the liver tissue sections were proven HBV DNA positive by in situ hybridization. Immunohistochemical staining was performed in the tissue sections obtained from four normal controls, six from patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, five with chronic active hepatitis, eight with liver cirrhosis and eleven with hepatocellular carcinoma. RESULTS: The patterns of TGF-a immunoreactivity were cytoplasmic-grain types in normal controls and chronic persistent hepatitis, honeycomb types in chronic active hepatitis, occasional cytoplasmic-flooding types in liver cirrhosis, and cytoplasmic-grape types in hepatocellular carcinoma. A Shapiro-Wilk W test for frequency table analysis for the expression of TGF-a in these different disease groups was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that step-wise distinct expression of TGF-a enhancement in HBV associated chranic liver diseases which eventually resulted in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma were conceivably due to dysregulation of liver cell cycles by both HBV and TGF-a during the persistent repetition of cell cycles.
Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver Diseases ; Liver* ; Mice ; Natural History ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Streptavidin

For the purpose of epidemiologic study, the patients who visited Severance Hospital Behcet's Syndrome Specialty Clinic were grouped by Shimizu classification into the complete, incomplete, suspected types and evaluated. The results of the evaluation with respect to personal characteristics, geographic distribution, socioeconomic characteristics, family history, and clinical characteristics are as follows. 1. The incidence among the subgroups was incomplete type(46.3%), suspected type(36.7%), complete type(17.0%) and the male to female ratio was 0.60: 1, and the average age of onset was 29.1. years for males and 27.6 years for females. 2. The occupational distribution among males included office workers, 31.5%; drivers, 10.6% and among females was office workers, 6.7%; teachers, 3. 7 %; unemployed, 81.7%. 3. Among the presumed aggrevating factors affecting oral cavity, recurrent tonsillitis(20.8%) was most common, and premenstrual exacervation(12.8%) was most common. 4. The most common initial major manifestation was oral ulcer(80.6%), and the longest duration of major manifestations was oral ulcer(average 6.4 years), and the most frequent relapse of major manifestations was oral ulcer(average 14.6 times/year). 5. The average duration between the appearance of the first and second major manifestations was 5.2 years for complete type, 6.3 years for incomplete type, and 6.6 years for suspected type. 6. Combinations of major manifestations most commonly included oral ulcer, genital ulcers and skin lesions(65.3%) for incomplete type, and oral ulcer, skin lesion(54.8%) for suspected type.
Age of Onset ; Behcet Syndrome* ; Classification ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mouth ; Oral Ulcer ; Recurrence ; Skin ; Ulcer

Osteoblastomas were originally thought to be lesions that could be controlled with minimal local therapy, including curettage. However, at least some of the osteoblastomas with an unexpectedly active clinical course had histologic features which differed from ordinary osteoblastomas, and the term aggressive osteoblastoma was given to these lesions. In the aggressive osteoblastoma the osteoblasts are cytologically atypical. In addition, the well organized trabecular patterns of typical osteoblastoma is partly lacking, especially in the areas that are rich in atypical osteoblasts. The case report deals a case of aggressive osteoblastoma of the left iliac wing in a 44 year old male. The interesting radiologic manifestationa(plain x-ray CAT and radionuclide bone scan) and characteristic histologic findings are presented along with review of pertinent literatures.

Background: Many studies focus on herpes zoster in Korean dermatologic literature. However, there are few studies on sacral herpes zoster associated with voiding dysfunction have been reported. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of sacral herpes zoster associated with voiding dysfunction. Methods: During a 21-year-period from 1997 to 2018, 18 patients with sacral herpes zoster associated with voiding dysfunction were evaluated in terms of the type of urinary symptoms, duration based on the onset of urinary symptoms, requirement of an indwelling Foley catheter, medication, and time required for normal voiding. A statistical analysis was performed to determine whether there was a difference between the two groups in the time required for normal voiding. The first comparison groups included a group with a catheter and a group without a catheter, and the second comparison groups included a group with medication and a group without medication. Results: The average time required for normal voiding in patients with an indwelling Foley catheter (51.4±42.8 days) was significantly longer than in patients without an indwelling Foley catheter (40.4±91.8 days) (p=0.027). The average time required for normal voiding in patients with medication (65.2±79.4 days) was significantly longer than in patients without medication (7.5±2.7 days) (p=0.001). Conclusion The possibility of voiding dysfunction should not be overlooked in patients with sacral herpes zoster. Moreover, the severity of voiding dysfunction is an important prognostic factor for the time required for the relief of voiding dysfunction. Therefore, we should pay attention when a patient develops urinary dysfunction.

BACKGROUND: Propofol has a high incidence of pain with intravenous injection, and different methods have been used to minimize the incidence and severity of this pain. In this study, we have compared the effect of lidocaine pretreatment with that of ketamine pretreatment on propofol injection pain. METHODS: Ninety healthy female patients scheduled for general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups; saline group (n=30), lidocaine group (n=30) and ketamine group (n=30). Each patient received 2 ml of pretreatment solution (normal saline, 1% lidocaine, 0.5% ketamine) via 18G angiocatheter inserted in the antecubital fossa after applying an arm tourniquet inflated to 50 mmHg. The tourniquet was released 1 minute later, followed by intravenous injection of 2.5 mg/kg of propofol. The assessment of pain was made at the induction of anesthesia and in the recovery room, and the severity of pain was classified as none, mild, moderate, severe by one observer. RESULTS: The severity and incidence of pain diminished significantly in the lidocaine group and the ketamine group compared with the saline group at the induction of anesthesia (p<0.05) and there was no significant difference between the lidocaine group and the ketamine group. We had similar results in the recovery room and one patient from the saline group and the ketamine group had no recall regarding injection pain. CONCLUSION: Intravenous ketamine pretreatment is as effective as intravenous lidocaine pretreatment in alleviating the propofol injection pain.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Arm ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injections, Intravenous ; Ketamine* ; Lidocaine* ; Propofol* ; Recovery Room ; Tourniquets

No abstract available.
Leukemia, Eosinophilic, Acute* ; Trisomy*

No abstract available.
Proportional Hazards Models* ; Survival Analysis*