In case of severe blepharoptosis, frontalis muscle suspension with fascia or frontalis transfer has been popular for decades, but these static procedures have some disadvantages such as lagophthalmos, lid lag and remnant ptosis. Twenty-six patients with severe blepharoptosis who underwent frontalis suspension, frontalis transfer, or levator resection at Yonsei University Severance Hospital from 1980 to 1988 were studied. The follow-up period of patients ranged from 10 to 18 years with a mean of 12 years. Surveys and clinical results were obtained, In our review of postoperative complications, lagophthalmos persisted in sleep and even in forced eye closure in most patients 2 to 6 months after operation. But no recurrence was noted. In conclusion, undercorrection of ptosis is more desirable than overcorrection. As well levator resection can be considered in selected cases to prevent complications.
Blepharoptosis* ; Fascia ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; Recurrence

Aged ; China ; Confusion ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) and physical therapy on shoulder pain after stroke. Methods60 patients of shoulder pain after stroke were randomly divided into treatment group (30 cases) and control group(30 cases). The patients in the treatment group were treated with TENS and physical therapy. The cases in the control group were treated with TENS only. All patients were evaluated with visual analogous score of pain (VAS) and Fugl-Meyer measure (FM) before and after treatment. ResultsThe scores of VAS and FM improved more significantly in treatment group than in control group(P<0.01).ConclusionTranscutaneous electric nerve stimulation combined with physical therapy showed more effective on shoulder pain after stroke.

Objective:To determine the immunological effects of a new type adjuvant CTA 1-DD/IgG.Methods:Intranasal im-munization of BALB/c mice with OVA in combination with adjuvant CTA 1-DD or CTA1-DD/IgG.Blood samples were subjected to OVA-specific IgG Abs detection and IgG subclass profiles assessment using ELISA.Splenic plasma cells secreting anti-OVA Abs were detected by ELISPOT.Results:CTA1-DD/IgG showed stronger activity in inducing OVA-specific IgG Abs and splenic Abs-secreting cells compared with CTA1-DD.The enhancement of IgG1,IgG2a and IgG2b Abs were observed,and the ratio IgG2a/IgG1 were >1 in both groups.Conclusion: CTA1-DD/IgG can exert enhanced adjuvant effects compared with CTA 1-DD.Mixed IgG subclasses are induced,indicating a more balanced Th1/Th2 response.

PURPOSE: Conventional intravenous nutrition has been given as a solution of amino acids combined with dextrose and a separate line delivering a lipid emulsion. This technique was unsatisfactory, however, because of difficulties in managing technical and metabolic complications. Since the first clinical use of a single solution containing all the necessary nutrients was introduced in 1976, the total nutrient admixture (TNA) system has been used. However, despite the numerous advantages of this TNA system, it has not been used worldwide because of an assumption about unstability of this admixture. This study was conducted to compare the physical stability of TNA systems using two different 2 commercially available amino acid solutions and fat emulsions. METHODS: Each group contained 600 ml of 20% dextrose, 250 ml of 10% amino acid solution, 250 ml of 10% fat emulsion, 0.2 ml of heparin, and 20 ml of electrolyte solution was investigated for 7 days while being stored 4oC and at ambient temperature. The stabilities of these admixtures were compared by noting changes in macroscopic appearance, pH, osmolarity, Zeta-potential, peroxide value, particle size and distribution, and fat composition. RESULTS: When an amino acid solution containing P 2 was used, a supernatant yellow band was observed from the 3rd day at ambient temperature. The pH and peroxide value also showed significant changes, but these changes did not exceed the product-specifications. When an amino acid solution without P 2 was used, no significant change was observed. CONCLUSION: TNA systems are physically stable at 4oC temperature for at least 7 days, but TNA systems prepared with amino acid solution containing P 2 are not stable at ambient temperature from the 3rd day. On the other hand, TNA systems prepared with an amino acid solution without P 2 are stable at ambient temperature for 7 days. Various commercially available fat emulsions containing 10% soybean oil did not affect the stability of TNA systems.
Amino Acids ; Emulsions ; Glucose ; Hand ; Heparin ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Osmolar Concentration ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Particle Size ; Soybean Oil

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the effects of Nei-Guan accupressure using a wrist band on postoperative nausea and vomiting after middle ear surgery. METHODS: The study design was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized posttest design. Forty patients were assigned into two groups of 20 patients, the wrist band group and the control group. In the wristband group, acupressure was applied with a wrist band on the P6 point at both wrists from 30 min before to 24 hr after anesthesia. RESULTS: The 1st hypothesis 'Applied wrist band groups will have a greater reduction in the nausea & vomiting grades by INVR than the control group' was accepted (t=2.303, p=.028). The 2nd hypothesis 'The Applied wrist band groups will have a greater reduction in the occurrence of nausea & vomiting than the control group' was partly accepted. The 3rd hypothesis 'The applied wrist band group will have a greater reduction in injection of antiemetics for 24 hr. post anesthesia than the control group' was rejected. CONCLUSION: Acupressure on the P6 point using a wrist band is effective to alleviate nausea for middle ear surgery patients.
Acupressure/*instrumentation ; Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Ear Auricle/*surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Care/instrumentation ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/*therapy

Evaluation of the permeability mainly focuses on intestinal absorption in biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS). It is more complicated that the absorption and metabolism under multicomponent environment in biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica (CMMBCS) compared with single component environment, which needs suitable mathematical models to be described. Therefore, with full consideration of existing single component mathematical algorithm combining with the characteristics of intestinal absorption and metabolism, we explored and designed a new mathematical algorithm of intestinal absorption and metabolism of multicomponent drug. Then we put forward a new coefficient, P (influence), the relative change rate of the single component's intestinal absorption and metabolism under multicomponent environment compared with single component environment, which described the influences of intestinal absorption and metabolism of the component under multicomponent environment. Moreover, P (influence) highlights the distinctive characteristics of multicomponent drug's intestinal absorption and metabolism, and lays the foundation for the construction of CMMBCS.
Algorithms ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestines ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Models, Theoretical ; Solubility

Objective To investigate the impact of systolic blood pressure (SBP) at admission on in-hospital outcomes in patients with ST elevated acute myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods Data of 336 STEMI patients admitted from September 2008 to May 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.Total of 336 STEMI patients were classified into 4 groups as per the level of SBP at admission:group A (＜ 101 mmHg,n =59) ; group B (101-120 mmHg,n =109) ; group C (121-140 mmHg,n =98) and group D (＞ 140 mmHg,n =69).And clinical features,coronary angiography (CAG) findings,the strategy of treatment,complications and hospital mortality were compared among 4 groups with SPSS version 18.0 software.Results The mortality rates of the four groups were 18.64％,1.83％,4.08％,1.45％,respectively.The patients with SBP ＜ 106 mmHg were in greater risk of in-hospital mortality,Killip class ≥ 3 at admission,shock and refractory arrhythmias,and more patients in this group needed pacemaker and intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) treatment than patients in other 3 groups.While there was no significant difference in mortality rate between other three groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated SBP ＜ 101 mmHg (OR =6.368,P =0.002) and peak value of troponin Ⅰ (OR =3.781,P =0.008) were independent risk factors of in-hospital death in STEMI patients.Conclusions The STEMI patients with SBP ＜ 101 mmHg at admission had higher mortality rate and low SBP at admission had great prognostic value in short-term outcomes of STEMI.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) on caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced acute liver injury.Methods Ninety-six healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal control group (sham group,n =32),CLP model group (sepsis group,n =32) and rHuEPO treatment group (n =32).The rat model of sepsis was established by caecal ligation and puncture.In treatment group,rats were treated with rHuEPO 5000 U/kg administered through caudalis vein after CLP procedure.Continuous observation was carried out until 24 h after modeling.Of each group,8 rats were sacrificed at 2 h,6 h,12 h and 24 h,respectively,and then the liver tissue samples and blood samples were collected.Blood samples were assayed for determining the levels of serum cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)],and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by using the enzyme-linked immunoadsorbentassay (ELISA) method.The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were also detected.Histopathological changes of liver tissues were observed under optical and transmission electron microscopy.Results (①)The levels of ALT,AST,TNF-a,iNOS in serum of rats in control group were lower than those in model group and rHuEPO group (P ＜0.01).The levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and iNOS in serum of rats in rHuEPO group were decreased significantly compared with model group (P ＜ 0.01).(②) The optical microscopy and the transmission electron microscopy showed hepatocyte edema,liver focal necrosis,inflammatory cell infiltration in portal area and severe congestion of interlobular veins,hepatocyte karyopyknosis,mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) obviously decreased in sepsis group at 24 h.Hepatic injury was attenuated after employment of rHuEPO.Conclusions Recombinant human erythropoietin can inhibit the levels of ALT,AST,TNF-a,iNOS in serum,thus modifying the inflammatory response and providing protective effects against acute liver injury in the wake of infection.

Objective To investigate the value of whole-liver MR perfusion imaging(MRPI)for early detection of coagulative necrosis after percutaneous ethanol injection(PEI)in rabbit liver VX_2 tumors. Methods VX_2 tumor cell suspension was inoculated into rabbit liver and liver VX_2 tumors[diameter of (2.6?0.6)cm]were induced in 10 male rabbits.MR T_1 WI and T_2 WI were performed to monitor the development of the liver tumor on the 2~(nd)and 3~(rd)week after inoculation.Whole-liver MRPI was performed in the 10 rabbits with liver VX_2 tumors before and 6 days after PEI therapy(1.0 ml ethanol was injected into the most enhanced tumor region under CT guiding).Signal intensity(SI)values of untreated tumor parts and treated areas 6 days after PEI were recorded respectively.The steepest slope(SS)and bolus arrival time (TO)of SI-time curves were measured.The t-Student test was used in statistical analysis of the data.Results There was significant difference in MRPI data between untreated tumor parts[TO:(16.0?1.2)s and SS: 38.9?2.2]and treated areas[TO:(50.8?5.9)s and SS:6.0?1.2]6 days after PEI(t was 15.8 and -39.6 respectively,P