Objective To investigate the clinical spectrum of respiratory viruses in infants and young children with acute lower respiratory infection(ALRI) in Chongqing area from 2003-2007.And to assess the clinical diagnostic value of virus detection in nasopharyngeal secretions(NPS) and serum viral antibody detection for ALRI.Methods Cases of 2 529 specimens of NPS in hospitalized children with ALRI from Apr.2003 to Oct.2007 were taken for detecting 7 common respiratory virus antigens by immunofluorescence assay including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV),adenovirus(ADV),influenza A(IA),influenza B (IB),parainfluenza virus1-3 (PIV1,PIV2,PIV3).Fifty-five thousand eight hundred and eighty-seven samples were tested for ADV-IgM by ELISA.Among those,45 159 cases were further tested for RSV-IgM by ELISA.Results Respiratory virus pathogens were detected in 778 samples out of 2 529(30.76%) including RSV positive in 668 samples (85.86%),PIV3 positive in 75 samples (9.64%),IA positive in 22 samples (2.57%),ADV positive in 15 samples ( 1.93%),only 1 sample ( 0.13%) positive for both PIV1 and RSV. And the positive rate of RSV-IgM was 0.9%-15.2%,and the positive rate for ADV-IgM was about 0.6%-10.6%.RSV infection occured mainly in winter and spring.Conclusions Respiratory virus is the most common pathogen in children with ALRI during the survey period in Chongqing area,especially for RSV infection.The pattern of RSV circulation varied every year with seasonality.It is suggest that this year is peak one for RSV infection from the monthly positive results,especially in Feburary(50%) in 2007.But the infection rate of PIV3,IA,ADV and PIV1 are lower,particularly IB and PIV2 infection have not been seen for the last 5 years.It is fast and accurate to detect RSV antigen and suit to clinical diagnosis by using immunofluorescence assay than other antibody detection.

This study was designed to use iTRAQ technology coupled with 2D LC-MS/MS to study the comparative proteomics of different processing technology for pilose antler. 1015 proteins were identified with 2D LC combined with MOLDI TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Comparative analysis with Protein Pilot (Version 4.5) revealed that 87 proteins were changed (P ≤ 0.05, the ratio of > 1.50 or < 0.60 as the threshold selection of difference proteins), of which 24 were up regulated and 33 were down regulated in the traditional frying process (TFP) compared with the fresh pilose antler (P ≤ 0.05). 7 significant different proteins (P ≤ 0.001), most of these significantly changed proteins were found to be involved in calcium ion binding and ATP binding associated with human healthy. Freeze drying with protective agent (FDP) (Trehalose) can improve the content of significantly different proteins (P ≤ 0.001) including Collagen alpha-1 (XII) chain (COL12A1) and Collagen alpha-1 (II) chain (COL2A1). The significant function involves in platelets activating, maintenance of spermatogonium, and disorder expression in tumor cells. The functional annotation by Hierarchical clustering and GO (gene ontology) showed that the main molecule functions of the proteins significantly changed in these processes were involved in binding (52.7%), catalytic (25.3%), structural molecule and transporter (6.6%).

The study aims to solve the instability problem of methylphenidate (MPH) in plasma, and establish a LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determining of MPH in human plasma. The stabilities of MPH in different media were studied, and the degradation characteristics of MPH in these media were also investigated by HPLC and LC-MS/MS. To a 200 microL aliquot of freshly collected plasma sample, 10 microL 2% formic acid was added immediately to prevent the hydrolysis of MPH in human plasma samples. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Sapphire C18 column using the mobile phase of methanol - 5 mmol.L-1 ammonium acetate buffer solution containing 0.1% formic acid (46 : 54). MPH was quantified by tandem mass spectrometry operating in positive electrospray ionization mode with multiple reaction monitoring. The detection used the transitions of protonated molecules at m/z 234.2-->84.1 for MPH and m/z 260.3-->183.1 for propranolol (IS), separately. The intra- and inter-assay precisions were all below 5.0%. The accuracies were all in standard ranges. The linear calibration curve was obtained in the concentration range of 0.035-40 ng.mL-1. The methods fulfilled the demand. The method was used to determine the concentration of MPH in human plasma after a single dose of 36 mg MPH tablet to 6 healthy Chinese volunteers. The method is suitable for the precisely determination of MPH and for pharmacokinetic study of MPH in human plasma.
Adult ; Central Nervous System Stimulants ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Drug Stability ; Humans ; Male ; Methylphenidate ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Young Adult

AIM To investigate the anti-inflammation protective effects of sodium ferulate (SF) on colitis rats and its mechanism. METHODS The colitis model of rats was produced by intracolon enema with acetic acid. SF and 5-ASA were used intracolonically for a week. The colon mucosadamage index (CMDI) was evaluated. Nitric oxide (NO), myelopexoxidase (MPO), prostaglandin (PGE_2), and the levels of expression of constitutive nitric oxide synthase(cNOS), induce nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor-kappaBp65(NF-?Bp65) in the rats colon were detected by corresponding kits and immunohistochemical technology. RESULTS SF (200,400,800 mg?kg -1 ) can decrease the extents of CMDI and the levels of NO, MPO, PGE_2, the expression of cNOS, iNOS, COX-2, and NF-?Bp65 in model group in a dose-dependent manner while the expression of COX-1 changes littlely. CONCLUSION SF is a NOS and partial selective COX-2 inhibitor and show therapeutic effect on colitis in rats.

Objective To evaluate the effect of different nebulization inhalation methods on blood oxygen degree of saturation(SaO2) in infants with asthma.Methods Sixty-two infants with asthma were randomly assigned into 3 groups: air-high-frequency flow stonized inhalation group(n=22),oxygen-high-frequency flow stonized inhalationthe group(n=20) and ultrason jet nebulization group(n=18).Three groups all were gived budesonide suspl.SaO2 was monitored during nubulization.Results There were significant differences of SaO2 levels between oxygen-high-frequency flow stonized inhalationthe group and air-high-frequency flow stonized inhalationthe group,ultrason jet ne-bulization group after 10 min and during inhalation(Pa

This study was designed to use iTRAQ technology coupled with 2D LC-MS/MS to study the comparative proteomics of different processing technology for pilose antler. 1015 proteins were identified with 2D LC combined with MOLDI TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Comparative analysis with Protein Pilot (Version 4.5) revealed that 87 proteins were changed (P ≤ 0.05, the ratio of > 1.50 or < 0.60 as the threshold selection of difference proteins), of which 24 were up regulated and 33 were down regulated in the traditional frying process (TFP) compared with the fresh pilose antler (P ≤ 0.05). 7 significant different proteins (P ≤ 0.001), most of these significantly changed proteins were found to be involved in calcium ion binding and ATP binding associated with human healthy. Freeze drying with protective agent (FDP) (Trehalose) can improve the content of significantly different proteins (P ≤ 0.001) including Collagen alpha-1 (XII) chain (COL12A1) and Collagen alpha-1 (II) chain (COL2A1). The significant function involves in platelets activating, maintenance of spermatogonium, and disorder expression in tumor cells. The functional annotation by Hierarchical clustering and GO (gene ontology) showed that the main molecule functions of the proteins significantly changed in these processes were involved in binding (52.7%), catalytic (25.3%), structural molecule and transporter (6.6%).
Animals ; Antlers ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Collagen ; chemistry ; Down-Regulation ; Freeze Drying ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Proteomics ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Up-Regulation

Objective To investigate the effect of prolonged stroboscopic illumination exposure on the growth of eyeball of guinea pig. Methods Thirty 2-week-old guinea pigs were randomized into three groups ( n=10 for each) . Two strobe-reared groups were raised with 20 Hz sinusoidal and 20 Hz square wave stroboscopic illumination, respectively. The control group received usual light illumination. The illumination intensity was 500 lux. All animals underwent refraction and biometric measurements prior to and after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of treatment. Finally, flash electroretinograms were com-pared, and retinal microstructures were examined. Results There was a significant correlation between refractive errors and axial eye elongation, and myopia increasing was observed with eye elongation. After 8 weeks of treatment, the animals raised in 20 Hz sinusoidal and 20 Hz square wave stroboscopic illumination were (-0. 75 ± 0. 79)D and (-1. 50 ± 0. 91) D more myopic than the group raised in continuous illumination. The implicit time of the a-wave was delayed by 3. 8 and 7. 9 ms, respectively. No significant difference was found in retinal ultrastructures among the three groups. Conclusions Chronic exposure to 20 Hz sinusoidal or square wave stroboscopic illumination alters the emmetropization of the guinea pig eye to some extent.

Objective To assess mucin gene expression in Barrett's esophagus.Methods Mucin core protein-MUC1,MUC2,MUC3,MUCSAC and MUC6 were detected by immunohistochemistry.The re- lationship between mucin expression and magnification-endoscopic characteristics,pathohistologic epithelial types of Barrett's esophagus was analyzed.Results Mild expression of MUC1 was predominantly found in the superficial epithelium of both gastric and specialised intestinal metaplasia.In a small number of specimens, mild expression of MUC1 was also noted in glands.Strong MUC2 expression was noted only in the goblet cells in Barrett's oesophagus.MUC3 was expressed in the superficial columnar cells of specialized intestinal metaplasia with or without globlet cells but not in gastric metaplasia of the oesophagus.In some specimens MUC3 was expressed in the vacuolus of the globlet cells and the lumen of gland.Strong staining of MUCSAC was noted in the columnar epithelium of both gastric metaplasia and specialized intestinal metaplasia in Barrett's oesophagus,as well as expressed in the cytoplasm and vacuolus of the globlet cells in some speci- mens.Expression of MUC6 protein was detected at the basement of the crypts in gastric metaplasia and spe- cialised Barrett's glands.Expression of MUC2 and MUC3 protein was found much higher in villous or irregu- lar pit pattern than that in dot or rod pit pattern(P

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of weekly irinotecan combined with capecitabine as a second-line chemotherapy for treatment of advanced gastric cancer.

METHODSTwenty-one patients with advanced gastric cancer who had failed first-line therapy received irinotecan on days 1 and 8 plus capecitabine on days 1-14 for a 21-day cycle. Each patient was treated for at least two cycles and evaluated 4 weeks later for the responses.

RESULTSOf the 21 patients, none showed complete remission (CR), 5 (23.8%) showed partial remission (PR), 6 (28.6%) showed stable disease (SD) and 10 (47.6%) showed progressive disease (PD). The overall response rate was 23.8%, and 11 patients (52.4%) benefited (CR+PR+SD) from the clinical therapy, with a mean time to tumor progression of 3.61±0.97 months. The main adverse effects of this regimen included myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

CONCLUSIONThe regimen of weekly irinotecan plus capecitabine has a definite effect for treatment of advanced gastric cancer with tolerable toxicity.

Adenocarcinoma ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Camptothecin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Capecitabine ; Deoxycytidine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate factors affecting the diagnostic accuracy of cervical liquid-based cytology for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL).

METHODSA retrospective evaluation of cytological and histological slides was performed in 415 patients who had cytological HSIL between 2007 and 2010.

RESULTSAmong 42 209 cases screened by ThinPrep liquid-based cytology, 415 cases (1.0%) of HSIL were eventually identified. The mean age of HSIL patients was 41.6 years, and 30-49 years were the most common age group. Among 415 cases, 325 patients had available histological diagnosis as follows: 23 (7.1%) negative, 22 (6.8%) CIN1/HPV, 223 (68.6%) CIN2/CIN3, and 57 (17.5%) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The positive predictive values of HSIL to predict CIN2 (or higher grade of dysplasia) and CIN1 were 86.2% (280/325) and 92.9% (302/325), respectively. Inadequate biopsy, reactive glandular cells, islet atrophy, chemo/radiotherapy and others were responsible for the cytologically false-positive diagnosis. Fifty-seven (17.5%) cases of HSIL had a histological diagnosis of SCC. The possible causes of misdiagnosis were social factors, under-recognized cytological features of poorly-differentiated SCC and absence of typical diagnostic features in cytology slides.

CONCLUSIONSCytology of HSIL has a high positive predictive value for the presence of CIN2/CIN3 and SCC. Cytologists and gynecologists should be aware of the diagnostic pitfalls that may lead to the discrepancy between cytology and histology.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; diagnosis ; pathology ; virology ; Cytological Techniques ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; virology ; Young Adult