Cooperation hydrogen production was carried out using Rhodopseudomonas sp. DT and Enterobacter aerogenes. The effects of the initial ratio of Rhodopseudomonas sp. DT and E. aerogenes, culture temperature, and carbon source on the cooperation hydrogen production were investigated. The results suggested that cooperation hydrogen production rate was highly affected by the initial ratio of Rhodopseudomonas sp. DT and E. aerogenes. The mixed bacteria of Rhodopseudomonas sp. DT and E. aerogenes with 1:1 initial ratio benefited to the cooperation hydrogen production, which led the hydrogen production rate and duration of gas production to 3.1 mol H2/mol glucose and 81 h, respectively. The pH dynamics analysis of culture medium further discovered that the pH of the mixed bacteria with 1:1 initial ratio changed from 6 to 7 smaller than other conditions, which was probably fitted to produce hydrogen. Furthermore, the mixed bacteria with 1:1 initial ratio had the higher hydrogen production efficiency at temperatures of 28?C and 37?C than at 20?C, and without any hydrogen production at temperature of 50?C. The carbon sources of glucose, succinate acid, malic acid could be used to produce hydrogen by the mixed bacteria. Even the soluble starch, unused by Rhodopseudomonas sp. DT, was also decomposed by the mixed bacteria to produce hydrogen with the conversion efficiency of 8.22%. The glucose was the optimal carbon resource, and the conversion efficiency could reach to 36.11%. The results, further, implied that the cooperation hydrogen production could enlarge the use of the carbon sources.

From the 70% ethanol extract of the stems of Rhodiola bupleuroldes, five compounds were isolated by repeated silica gel column chromatography. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic (UV, IR, ESI-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 2D NMR) and chemical methods as rhobupcyanoside A (1), p-coumaric acid (2), 4, 5-dihydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (3), schizandriside (4) and kaempferol (5). Among them, 1 was a new compound, and 2-5 were isolated from R. bupleuroldes for the first time.
Coumaric Acids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Hydroxybenzoates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Kaempferols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Propionates ; Rhodiola ; chemistry

In this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetics parameters of SPIO-shRNA dual functional molecular probe and observed the main organ distribution by MRI in vivo. Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups and injected intravenously with different doses of SPIO-shRNA molecular probe, respectively. The blood samples were collected to analyze the pharmacokinetic parameters by measuring the iron content at 30 minutes before and after the injection. Twenty-four Kun Ming (KM) mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group was injected intravenously with physiological saline 200 µL per mouse via the tail vein, the other 3 groups were injected intravenously with different doses of SPIO-shRNA molecular probe. MRI observation was performed in 24 hours, and the liver, spleen, kidney, brain and muscle were collected for iron quantification with Prussian blue staining to determine distribution of the SPIO-shRNA molecular probe in the main organ in vivo. Our results suggest that the molecular probe blood half-life is more than 3 hours. The data of MRI suggest the probe was distributed in liver and spleen, and the MRI signal was reduced with the increase in probe's doses (P < 0.05). The results of Prussian blue staining confirmed the results of MRI. Most of the probe could escape the phagocytosis of mononuclear phagocyte system. Our data provide the pharmacokinetic and distribution of SPIO-shRNA molecular probe in organs. Meanwhile, it suggests the choice of the time and dose of probe for MR imaging of tumor in vivo.
Animals ; Half-Life ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetite Nanoparticles ; Mice ; Molecular Probes ; pharmacokinetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; chemistry ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo analyze the differences in the immediate effect of acupuncture on cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type among three factors: needling technique, acupoint selection and time of needle retaining so as to option the best therapeutic program.

METHODSThirty-two cases were observed and randomly divided into 8 groups, 4 cases in each one. The orthogonal design of three factors and two levels was adopted. There were needling technique (electroacupuncture, reinforcing and reducing method), acupoint selection [C4-C7 Jiaji (EX-B 2) and three needles of neck: Tianzhu (BL 10), Jingbailao (EX-LHN 15), Dazhu (BL 11)] and time of needle retaining (5 min, 15 min). L8 (2(7)) orthogonal design table was arranged in the trial. The changes in mean velocity (Vm) of vertebral artery (VA) and basilar artery (BA) were observed before and after acupuncture.

RESULTSThe immediate effect of VA-BA blood flow was the most significant after electroacupuncture at C4-C7 Jiaji (EX-B 2), with continuous wave for 5 min. This method and acupoint selection greatly influenced the therapeutic results (both P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe optimized therapeutic program of the immediate effect of acupuncture for cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type is electroacupuncture + C4-C7 Jiaji (EX-B 2) + 5 min. The importance of different factors for the immediate effect in acupuncture treatment of cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type is: acupoint selection > needling technique > time of needle retaining.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Regional Blood Flow ; Spondylosis ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Vertebral Artery ; physiopathology ; Young Adult

Objective:To understand the present situation of professional quality in free medical oriented students of different grades so as to carry out targeted education and guidance.Methods:The questionnaire survey was carried out among the 805 Grade 2012 to Grade 2016 students in Chongqing Medical University from December 2016 to January 2017. Grade data were expressed as rate and Spearman's rank correlation was performed using SPSS 17.0 for data analysis.Results:A total of 780 questionnaires were effectively collected in this survey with a recovery rate of 96.9%. Statistically significant differences were found in most items such as the students' ideological and moral quality, clinical practice skills and innovation ability ( P<0.05); no significant differences were observed in the students' theoretical learning quality as well as physical and mental quality ( P>0.05). Conclusion:We demonstrate that it’s necessary to take targeted measures for better guidance of students' professional quality through deeply analyzing the present situation of professional quality in different grade free medical oriented students

Objective To investigate the change of 14-3-3 protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in different types of meningoencephalitis in children and its value in judging brain injury.Methods CSF 14-3-3 protein bands were detected by means of Western blot in 22 patients with viral meningoencephalitis and 20 cases of purulent meningoencephalitis and with 15 cases of febrile seizures as the control group from Jul.2009 to Jun.2010,and in addition,the quantitative detection of 14-3-3 protein was done by way of ELISA.Correlation was analyzed between the clinical manifestations,prognosis,EEG,head CT or MRI and the changes of 14-3-3 protein.Results The positive rate of 14-3-3 protein in cases of purulent meningitis was 65.0(13/22 cases),higher than viral meningoencephalitis group(27.3％,6/22 cases),and the difference was significant.In the quantitative detection,14-3-3 protein was increased in both the purulent meningitis [(5.6 + 0.2) μg/L] and viral encephalitis groups[(3.2 + 0.3) μg/L] compared with the control group [(0.9 + 0.1) μg/L].After treatment,14-3-3 proteins were less than before in the purulent meningitis and viral meningoencephalitis groups.In the cases with severe clinical manifestations and severe injury brain suggested by imaging and EEG,the 14-3-3 protein in cerebrospinal fluid was elevated;and the prognosis of the cases with increased 14-3-3 protein was poor,as a result of epilepsy,death and so on.Conclusions 14-3-3 protein in the CSF increases with disease severity,so to a certain extent,it can be used to identify viral meningitis and purulent meningitis.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of cap-assisted endoscopic nylon loop ligation (C-ENLL) as a new and simple method on gastric fundus submucosal tumors. Methods 74 cases with small gastric fundus submucosal tumors ≤2.00 cm in diameter were reviewed between January 2015 and June 2016. All cases were treated by C-ENLL. The clinical efficacy was analyzed. Results All the 74 patients underwent endoscopic ultrasonography before operation, 70 cases originated from the muscularis propria, 3 cases originated from the muscularis mucosae, 1 case originated from the submucosa. The average diameter of the lesions ranged 0.50 ～ 1.80 cm. C-ENLL achieved an en bloc resection rate of 100.0％, with a mean total procedure time of 26 min. Two patients developed delayed perforation, were treated with nylon rope and metal clip purse suture wound. All of whom were managed successfully. There was no delayed bleeding after operation. Pathological examination showed that 66.2％ (49/74) of the tumors were gastrointestinal stromal tumors. No tumor recurrence was observed during the follow-up. Conclusion The C-ENLL may be a feasible and safe method for the treatment of small gastric fundus submucosal tumors.

BACKGROUNDPulse wave velocity and flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) are widely used as noninvasive modalities for evaluating atherosclerosis. However, it is not known whether pulse wave velocity is related to FMD in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the alteration in brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and endothelial function in CAD patients.

METHODSThirty-three patients with CAD and thirty control subjects were recruited for this study. baPWV was measured non-invasively using a VP 1000 automated PWV/ABI analyzer (PWV/ABI, Colin Co. Ltd., Komaki, Japan). Endothelial function as reflected by FMD in the brachial artery was assessed with a high-resolution ultrasound device.

RESULTSbaPWV was increased in CAD patients compared with control subjects [(1756.1 +/- 253.1) cm/s vs (1495.3 +/- 202.3) cm/s, P < 0.01]. FMD was significantly reduced in CAD patients compared with control subjects [(5.2 +/- 2.1)% vs (11.1 +/- 4.4)%, P < 0.01]. baPWV correlated with FMD (r = -0.68, P < 0.001). The endothelium-independent vasodilation induced by sublingual nitroglycerin in the brachial artery was similar in the CAD group compared with the control group.

CONCLUSIONSCAD is associated with increased baPWV and endothelial dysfunction. Increased baPWV parallels diminished endothelial function. Our data therefore suggest that baPWV can be used as a noninvasive surrogate index in clinical evaluation of endothelial function.

Aged ; Ankle ; blood supply ; Blood Flow Velocity ; physiology ; Brachial Artery ; physiopathology ; Coronary Artery Disease ; physiopathology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Vasodilation

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the safety and feasibility of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) anatomic segmentectomy for pulmonary diseases.

METHODSBetween November 2009 and July 2011, 20 patients received consecutive VATS anatomic segmentectomy by single surgical group. There were 3 male and 17 female, aging from 32 to 81 years with a mean of 53 years. The patients included 12 cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (5 cases of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, 6 cases of adenocarcinoma, and 1 case of squamous cell carcinoma), 7 cases of benign diseases (3 cases of bronchiectasis, 2 cases of inflammatory pseudotumor, 1 case of tuberculosis, and 1 case of sclerosing hemangioma) and 1 case of metastasis tumor. The locations of resected segments included 1 anterior segment, 3 posterior segments, 4 apical segments, and 2 superior segments in the right side; and 5 lingular segments, 3 trisegments, and 2 superior segments in the left side. Simultaneously, 3 patients with bronchiectasis underwent segmentectomy and lobectomy, 1 of 6 patients with adenocarcinoma underwent lingulectomy and thymectomy. The pathological TNM stages of 12 NSCLC patients were 9 cases of T1aN0M0, 1 case of T1bN0M0 and 2 cases of T2aN0M0.

RESULTSOf these 20 patients, the median operative time was 155 minutes (range, 120 to 235 minutes), the median blood loss was 50 ml (range, 10 to 600 ml), the median drainage duration was 3 d (range, 1 to 6 d), and the median hospital stay was 6 d (range, 3 to 9 d). One patient who had undergone lingulectomy had a 600 ml intraoperative bleeding from lingular artery, and the bleeding was controlled by suturing the rupture under VATS. Bloody sputum occurred in 2 patients, prolonged air leak occurred in one patient for 5 days, and one patient developed subcutaneous emphysema that spontaneously resolved. No mortality was observed for 30 days after the surgery.

CONCLUSIONSVATS anatomic segmentectomy is a feasible and safe technique with acceptable operative time, less blood loss, fewer complications, and shorter hospital stay.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonectomy ; methods ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical features, morphology and biologic behavior of primary malignant myoepithelioma (MME) of salivary glands.

METHODSThe H&E sections of 16 MME cases were reviewed. Immunohistochemical study using EnVision method for cytokeratin (CK), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), vimentin, S-100 protein, desmin, muscle-specific actin (MSA), smooth muscle actin (SMA), Myo, proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), leukocyte common antigen (LCA) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was carried out.

RESULTSOf the 16 patients studied, 6 were males and 10 were females. Their ages ranged from 12 to 65 years (with an average age of 44 years). The tumor occurred predominantly in the parotid gland and minor salivary gland of the palate. Common clinical features included sudden and rapid tumor growth, superficial ulceration, bony destruction and nerve infiltration. Seven of the 16 patients developed local recurrences, while 2 patients had metastasis in the lymph nodes of submandibular or other cervical regions. Most tumors infiltrated adjacent normal salivary gland, adipose, muscular and bony tissues. The extent of local invasion however varied. Histologically, MME showed a wide range of morphologic appearance, with various combinations of clear, spindle, epithelioid or plasmacytoid cells. The tumor cells were atypical and demonstrated high mitotic activity. In this study, 9 cases were composed predominantly of clear tumor cells. Immunohistochemically the tumor cells were positive for CK, EMA, MSA, desmin and S-100 protein.

CONCLUSIONSIn general, MME is a rare and low-grade malignant salivary gland tumor. It carries a low potential for lymph node or distant metastasis but relatively high tendency for local recurrences, resulting in destruction of adjacent soft and bony tissues. The biologic behavior also varies, depending on the site of involvement. Morphologic diagnosis of MME can be difficult in view of the wide spectrum of histologic changes. A definitive diagnosis however is possible with the application of immunohistochemistry.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Desmin ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myoepithelioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Parotid Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Salivary Glands, Minor ; pathology