MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of micro,endogenously-initiated non-coding RNA that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and involved in tumorigenesis.Polymorphisms in miRNA sequences (miRSNP) alter mature miRNA levels and target mRNA selection.Recent findings have demonstrated that miRSNP mediated epigenetic alteration of miRNA can be one of the mechanism in tumor progression and may play critical role of hallmarks in cancer susceptibility.This review described the most recent advances in the field of hot miRSNP and susceptibility of tumour.

Professor YANG Zhao-min inherited the ancient doctors'experiences about point-prescription with the principle of 'inheriting the ancients without being formalistic in the ancients,bringing new ideas without losing contact with fountainhead of TCM'. He explored new ideas based on the ancient therapy,and summed his distinctive experience up as two types:simple recipe of acupuncture and moxibustion (single point,double points,three points) and compound recipe of acupuncture and moxibustion (more than fi ve points).Those were simple-clear-essential-new in composition and form,and effective therapy in clinic.

Objective To study the relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and type 2 diabetes patients with cerebral infarction and its influencing factors.Methods Serum homocysteine levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in type 2 diabetes patients with cerebral infarction (DS group), type 2 diabetes patients without complications (DNC group) and normal control subjects. Plasma folate and VitB 12 concentrations were detected by radioimmune assay.Results The levels of homocysteine in DS group and DNC group were significantly higher than in normal control group (all P

Objective To explore the metabolic characteristic of prostate cancer (PCa) in central gland with magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic, and evaluate the value of MRS in the differential diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia nodus. Methods MR images were performed in 38 cases with prostate disease by 3.0T MR, 11 cases with PCa in central gland and 27 cases with benign prostatic hyperplasia nodus. All the cases were scanned by routine, then by the combined MRS. MRS findings were reviewed in 27 cases with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 11 cases with PCa (3 in central gland origin, 8 with large tumor invading both peripheral zone and central gland). (Cho+Cr)/Cit ratios of PCa and BPH were retrospectively measured, (Cho+Cr)/Cit of PCa voxels were compared with that of BPH voxels. Results Significantly higher choline levels and lower citrate levels were observed in central gland of PCa compared with BPH. In the glandular BPH region, the amount of Cit was high; while in the stromal region, the Cit and Cho level was much lower. The average (Cho+Cre)/Cit values of PCa and BHP were 1.94±1.43 and 0. 83±0. 28 respectively, the difference in ratio between both was statistically significant (P＜0. 01). Conclusions The combined use of MRI and MR spectroscopy is propitious for differentiating prostate cancer in central gland and benign prostatic hyperplasia nodus and for increasing the diagnostic accuracy of prostate cancer.

Occasionally, patients with gastrointestinal Crohn's disease (CD) develop granulomatous skin lesions at sites remote from the gastrointestinal tract, separated from other ulcerations by normal skin, a phenomenon that has been referred to as metastatic cutaneous CD. Although metastatic CD of the vulval region has been often reported in English literature, we could not find such cases with family history. We report a case of vulval CD occurring in siblings.
Crohn Disease* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Siblings* ; Skin ; Ulcer ; Vulva*

Nitric oxide (NO), which is involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system, nervous system, immune system, reproductive system, digestive system and other physiological activities, is an important biological substance with activity. Under normal physiological conditions, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) can precisely regulate the nervous system NO production, release, diffusion and inactivation processes. But an excess of NO associates with the development of cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's psychosis nervous system diseases, while inhibition of nNOS activity can regulate the content of NO in vivo, and produce a therapeutic effect on some of the nervous system diseases. This review mainly describes the structure and regulation of nNOS and recent developments of small molecule inhibitors of nNOS.

OBJECTIVE To develop a method to construct three dimensional finite element model of nasomaxillary complex,in order to provide the foundation of studying nasomaxillary biomechanics characteristics.METHODS DICOM data from HelixCT were analyzed and reconstructed in software Mimics,then complete constructing three dimensional finite element model of nasomaxillary complex in Ansys.RESULTS The nasomaxillary complex model was similar to original case in structure,which is a high finite element model.CONCLUSION Computer assistant in constructing finite element model from DICOM data is a convenient,exact and efficient method .The nasomaxillay complex finite element model is exact and reproductable,and can provide the foundation of studying biomechanics mechanism of nasomaxillary fracture in otolaryngology.

Objective To investigate the short and long term therapeutic effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGEl) on diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods Patients with DN in stage Ⅲ to Ⅴ according to Mogensen criteria were randomly assigned to four groups of PGE1, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), PGE1 + ACEI and control drug. The levels of proteinuria and albuminuria were measured before and 15 days, 6 months and 18 months after treatment. Patients with DN in stage Ⅳ were subdivided into three groups according to proteinuria: early stage IV (protienuria was less than 1.5 g/d), middle stage Ⅳ (protienuria was between 1.5 g/d and 2.5 g/d) and late stage Ⅳ (protienuria was larger than 2.5 g/d). Results Fifteen days after treatment, the levels of proteinuria and albuminuria were significantly decreased compared with pre-treatment in PGE1 and PGE1 + ACEI groups (P<0. 01), and the therapeutic effect was better in PGE1 + ACE1 group than in ACEI group (P<0. 01). Six months after treatment, there were still significant differences in above parameters in patients with DN in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ between PGE1 + ACEI and PGE1 groups. And for the patients in stage Ⅴ, statistic significance between pre-and post-treatment existed only in PGE1 + ACEI group (P<0. 05). but not in PGE1 and ACEI groups (both P>0. 05). Eighteen months atter treatment, the levels of proteinuria and albuminuria were significantly decreased in patients in stage HI and early stage IV in all treatment groups (P<0. 01). For patients in middle stage IV and late stage Ⅳ , the significant differences still occurred between pre-and post-treatment in PGE1 + ACEI group (P<0. 01 or P<0. 05), and were significantly better than in ACEI group (P<0. 01 or P<0. 05). However, the proteinuria of patients in late stage IV elevated in PGE1 group in post-treatment versus pre-treatment (P<0. 05). Conclusions The short term therapeutic effect of PGE1 is quick and good in patients with DN. The therapeutic effect is much better in patients in stage Ⅲ compared with stage Ⅴ. The combination of PGE1 and ACEI will get better best therapeutic effect than PGE1 or ACEI alone in long term.

AIM:To explore the differences between unilateral recess-resection (R & R) and bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR-rec) in the treatment of basic intermittent exotropia.METHODS: A retrospective analysis of treatment of basic intermittent exotropia in 89 patients,in which 49 cases underwent unilateral recess-resection,40 cases underwent bilateral lateral rectus recession of external rectus retroperitoneal surgery January 2013 to January 2015 in our hospital.The stereopsis and strabismus were observed in 1d,1,6mo,1 and 2a after operation.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the success rate and oblique degree between the two groups after 1d,1,6mo,1 and 2a (all P>0.05),but the success rate of the operation was reducing as time passed.After 2d of the operation,the drift of the R & R group was 12.10±5.74PD and the drift of the BLR-rec group was 7.78±4.21PD,the difference was statistically significant (P=0.021).The R & R group was more likely to cause lateral slanting than BLR-rec group.Two groups of patients with nearly stereopsis were both significantly improved,there was no significant difference between the two groups in the two groups (x2=4.530,P=0.210).CONCLUSION: The long-term stability of BLR-rec is superior to R & R.

Objective To analyze the causes of preoperative misdiagnosis of primary gallbladder carcinoma,and the effective measures of prevention of the misdiagnosis.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinicalrecords of 52 cases with primary gallbladder carcinoma that had been treated in our hospital in 10 years,and analyzed the causes of misdiagnosis.Results Nineteen cases were diagnosed preoperatively(36.5%),while 33 cases were misdiagnosed before operation(63.5%),including misdiagnsed as cholecystolithiasisin 13 cases,gallbladder polyps in 8cases,atrophic cholecystitis in 4cases,hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma in 3 cases,tumor of liver in 4 cases,and Mirizzi syndrome in 1 case.There were 29 casesdiagnosed during operation(55.8%),and 4 cases misdiagnosed intratoperatively(7.7%).Misdiagnosiswas due to several reasons:complicated with other gallbladder disease,lack of distinctive clinical features of gallbladder carcinoma,over dependence on imaging methods,and not doing fast frozen section duringoperation in dubious cases.Conclusions In suspected cases with high risk of gallbladder cancer,imagingstudies should be performed,and,if necessary,invasive studies and even exploratory laparotomy should be done.Also,intraoperative rapid frozen section can result in early discovery and treatment,and is conducive to improvement of prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma.