Adult ; Eye Injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Orbital Fractures ; surgery

Objective To assess the effect of thoracoscopic surgery under laryngeal mask anesthesia and explore the nursing strategies. Methods Thirty-five patients from April to December in 2014 undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) were given intubation anesthesia and another thirty-five ones undergoing the same surgery in 2015 received laryngeal mask anesthesia. The two groups were compared in terms of surgery conditions, surgery complication and ambulation time. Results No significant differences were found in surgery time or blood loss between two groups (P>0.05). The postoperative waking time in the mask anesthesia group was significantly shorter than that of the intubation anesthesia group (P<0.05), and ambulation time was significantly shortened (P<0.05). The rates of throat discomfort, hoarseness and gastrointestinal reactions were significantly lower. Conclusions Laryngeal mask anesthesia used in small thoracoscopic surgery for airway management is safe and feasible. Combined with training in respiration and limb function, better analgesia and nursing, it can keep away complications related to intubation anesthesia, shorten hospital stay and accelerate postoperative rehabilitation.

Carrier State ; virology ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; complications ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo compare the dissolution characteristics of colloidal silica and porous silica as the solid dispersion carrier, with baicalin as the model drug.

METHODThe baicalin solid dispersion was prepared by the solvent method, with colloidal silica and porous silica as the carriers. In the in vitro dissolution experiment, the solid dispersion was identified by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning and X-ray diffraction.

RESULTThe solid dispersion carriers prepared with both colloidal silica and porous silica could achieve the purpose of rapid release. Along with the increase in the proportion of the carriers, the dissolution rate is accelerated to more than 80% within 60 min. Baicalin existed in the solid dispersion carriers in the non-crystalline form.

CONCLUSIONThe release behaviors of the baicalin solid dispersion prepared with two types of carrier were different. Among the two solid dispersion carriers, porous silica dissolved slowly than colloidal silica within 60 min, and they showed similar dissolutions after 60 min.

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Colloids ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; instrumentation ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Porosity ; Silicon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Solubility

Baicalin extremely fine powder was made by using ball-mill and the effect of micronization on the micromeritics properties of baicalin was studied and analyzed. The microstructures of baicalin ordinary and extremely fine powder were compared by scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimeter and X-ray diffraction and the powder characteristic of them was investigated. The hygroscopicity was studied. The effect of micronization on the dissolution of baicalin was investigated. The results showed that the chemical constituents of baicalin were not changed after micronization with better compressibility. It was confirmed that micronization technology had a certain application value in promoting the insoluble component of baicalin absorption with higher dissolution.
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Solubility ; Wettability ; X-Ray Diffraction

The method of homogeneity evaluation for active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) spatial distribution in lyophilized product was investigated for the first time with confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy mapping, using pemetrexed disodium for injection as a model drug. Certain areas of the lyophilized product were scanned to obtain Raman spectra. The classical method ("peak clipping" method) was employed for mapping with characteristic Raman peaks of the API and the excipient. Due to the API being finely dispersed in the excipient in lyophilized products, the classical method cannot discriminate between the two ingredients making the distribution homogeneity difficult to evaluate. The "ratio of characteristic peak intensities" method was then utilized. Using this method, the relative intensity of the characteristic Raman peaks of the API to the excipient was applied for mapping and the relative content of API to excipient was calculated for a homogeneity evaluation of the drug distribution. The validation of this method showed a good linear relationship between the relative intensity and the relative content of API to excipient (r² > 0.99), and the precision and recovery were adequate for homogeneity evaluation of API by Raman spectroscopy mapping. Five products of pemetrexed disodium for injection from different manufacturers were tested through Raman maps applying this method and the histograms of relative Raman intensity were also plotted by frequency to help the homogeneity evaluation of drug distribution. The results showed that there were obvious differences in the drug distribution homogeneity from different products, where a more homogeneous API distribution was found in the brand product. This research provides a reliable method for the homogeneity evaluation of API distribution, which facilitates quality evaluation and process optimization of lyophilized products.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the influence of reducing buccolingual width of artificial crown on distribution of biting force and masticatory efficiency in unilateral distal-extension implant denture and provide valuable information for the design of buccolingual width. To find a design that the biting force of implant prothesis was less evident than those on the contralateral natural teeth without compromising masticatory efficiency.

METHODST-Scan II occlusal analyzer and 722 grating spectrophotometer were used to analyze the distribution of biting force and masticatory efficiency in unilateral distal-extension implant denture. Heat-cured resin crowns with three different buccolingual width (group A: standard buccolingual width; group B: the buccolingual width was reduced by 1/4; group C: the buccolingual width was reduced by 1/3) were designed as follow, one was contoured with standard buccolingual width, the other two were made with reducd buccolingual width by 1/4 and 1/3.

RESULTSThe ratio of biting force (ROF) of group C was 16.25%, which was significantly lower than group A (27.38%) and B (22.60%) (P < 0.0083). The X axis displacement of center of occlusal force (COF) of group C was 2.0 mm, which was significantly difference with group A (1.5 mm, P = 0.004). The masticatory efficiency absorbance A value (MEA) of group C was 0.217, which was significantly lower than group A (0.345, P = 0.005) and B (0.289, P = 0.004).

CONCLUSIONSAccording to the study, the buccolingual width of the crown reduced by 1/4 was a more ideal design for unilateral distal-extension implant denture.

Adult ; Aged ; Bite Force ; Crowns ; Dental Occlusion ; Dental Prosthesis Design ; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mastication ; Middle Aged ; Spectrophotometry

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of measuring resting energy expenditure (REE) for guiding an accurate nutritional support in elderly bedridden patients with nasal feeding.Methods The REE of 32 elderly bedridden patients with nasal feeding was assessed by using the Cosmed K4b2 portable telemetric gas analysis system.The waist-hip ratio, serum levels of albumin, transferrin, prealbumin and retinol-binding protein were determined to assess comprehensive nutrition status.The energy intakes were calculated, and the correlation of REE and the difference between the energy intakes and consumption with nutritional index were analyzed.Results The resting energy expendture was lower in the patients with waist-hip ratio≥0.95 than in patients with waist-hip ratio ＜0.95 (t=3.622, P＜0.01).The waist-hip ratio was reduced and serum albumin and transferrin levels were decreased along with the increase of REE in elderly patients (r=-0.55,-0.36 and-0.593, respectively, P=0.001, 0.043, ＜0.001).The difference between the energy intake and expenditure was higher in patients with waist-hip ratio≥0.95 than those with waist-hip ratio＜0.95 (t =5.643, P＜ 0.001).Serum albumin, prealbumin, transferrin and retinol-binding protein levels were increased along with the increase of the difference between the energy intake and expenditure, which showed the positive correlations (r=0.525, 0.409, 0.624, 0.414, respectively,P=0.002, 0.02, ＜0.001, 0.019).Conclusions Precise determination of REE and energy intake guided by REE are the important guarantees for the reasonable nutrition support in the elderly.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the method and mechanism for exercise-related immunosuppression via the inhibitor of NADPH oxidase diphenyleneiodonium(DPI) and glutamine supplementation and on the function of neutrophils after overtraining.

METHODSFifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: a negative control group (C), an overtraining group (E), an overtraining + DPI intervention group (D), an overtraining+ glutamine supplementation group(G) and combined glutamine + DPI intervention group(DG). After 36 - 40 h from the last training, eight rats were randomly selected from each group, and blood was sampled from the orbital vein. ELISAs were used to measure serum cytokine levels and lipid peroxidation in blood plasma. Flow cytometry was used to measure neutrophil respiratory burst and phagocytosis. The activity of NADPH oxidase was assessed by chemiluminescence and the gene expression of gp91(phox) and p47(phox) of the NADPH-oxidase subunit was checked by Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with group C, the plasma concentrations of NO increased in group G, and the NO, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) concentrations in group DG increased significantly. The respiratory burst and phagocytosis function of neutrophils were decreased in group E, but in group DG were increased when compared with those of group E. After overtraining the expression of gp91(phox) and p47(phox) was up regulated in group E. There were no significant changes in other groups except group DG, in which the expression of gp91(phox) was down regulated. Compared with group E, the expression of gp91(phox) and p47(phox) was up regulated in group D, group G and group DG.

CONCLUSIONThe activation of NADPH oxidase is responsible for the production of superoxide anions, which may be related to the decrease in neutrophil function after over training and is the mechanism of exercise-related immunosuppression. The DPI treatment combined glutamine supplementation can reverse the decrease neutrophils function after overtraining in vitro.

Animals ; Dietary Supplements ; Glutamine ; pharmacology ; Hyperkinesis ; physiopathology ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; NADPH Oxidase 2 ; NADPH Oxidases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Neutrophils ; metabolism ; physiology ; Onium Compounds ; pharmacology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Respiratory Burst ; physiology

Objective To investigate the effects of growth differentiation factor 11 ( GDF11 ) on β-cell function in db/db mice and its possible mechanism. Methods Twenty eight-week-old male db/db mice were randomizedtoi.p. administration of GDF11(0.3mg·kg-1·day-1)or equivalent PBS(n=10)for 6 weeks.10age-matched male db/m were used as normal control, received equivalent PBS injection for 6 weeks. Blood glucose levels, body weights and food intake were monitored weekly. IPGTT and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion ( GSIS) were analyzed. After 6 weeks of intervention, serum HbA1C , TG, TC, and FFA were measured respectively. The concentrations of hormones in serum and pancreas were evaluated. The mRNA expression of Pdx-1, MafA, Nkx6. 1, and insulin2 were determined by RT-PCR. The expression of phosphorylated Smd2 (P-Smad2), Smad2 in islet were examined by western blot. Results Compared with NC group, GDF11 administration decreased FBG, HbA1C , modified lipid profiles. GDF11 improved glucose tolerance and augmented GSIS. Moreover, GDF11 increased serum insulin and pancreatic insulin content, while decreased serum glucagon concentration. The expression of Pdx-1, MafA, Nkx6. 1, and Insulin2 were significantly increased in GDF11 group. GDF11 elevated the expression of P-Smad2 in islets. Conclusion s GDF11 may preserve β-cell function and facilitate the secretion and production of insulin. Diminishing the metabolic abnormalities, alleviating the secretion of glucagon, as well as maintaining the key transcript factor activation may contribute to the amelioration of β-cell function after GDF11 administration. Smad2 pathway may be related to the protective effects of GDF11.