A fabrication method of inner and outer crown using CAD/CAM is presented. The information of abutment teeth is transferred to a computer through a 3-dimensional scanner. A Konus inner and outer crown is designed on a computer and a real crown is machined based on this design using CAM. This method can save laboratory time and reduce inaccuracies compare to conventional casting procedure. A stone model with six prepared abutment teeth from a patient was used in this study. Three dimensional information from the model was transferred to a computer using a contact type 3dimensional scanner with a 25micrometer accuracy. All margins were identified on a computer image where there is a change in surface taper of a model. To provide a cement space, the image of a inner surface of a Konus inner crown was duplicated 25micrometer apart from the surface of a prepared abutment teeth image. The cement space was 20micrometer at the cervical margin. All Konus crowns were machined with a 10micrometer accuracy. It was concluded that this method can reduce working-time for the laboratory process and increase accuracy. A further research is required to make a simplified process for a more complex prosthesis.
Computer Graphics* ; Crowns* ; Humans ; Prostheses and Implants ; Tooth

No abstract available.
Blood Transfusion* ; Humans ; Infant*

Forty neonates with respiratory distress syndrome were transferred from nursery after birth to the ICU at Severance Hospital, Yonsei Medical Complex between March 1981 to July 1983 and ventilatory support was given with the pressure-cycled ventilator, Babylog l, Bourns BP 200, in ICU. We have analysed the 40 cases according to sex, incidence, symptoms and signs, birth weight and gestation weeks and time to the ventilator support, ICU days and mortality. The results were as follows 1) The proportion of the patients was 0.7% neonates and the overall mortality was 52.5%. 2) Obstetric and delivery background were as follows. Ceasarean section, 19 cases: pre-eclampsia, 5 cases: placenta-previa, 5 cases: spontaneous premature rupture of membrane: 4 cases. 3) The percentage and mortality of male patients was 52.5% and 57.1%, higher than female patients. 4) All the patients showed symptoms and sings within 12 hours after birth. 5) Mortality of those cases born with less than 32wks gostation was 15%, but above 32wks the mortality was 35%. 6) The number of babies born with a birth weight below 2,000 grams was 27 and the mortality for them was 70%. 7) The number of cases who had ventilator support begun at 10 hrs, 11~20 and 21~30hours after symptoms and sings developed, were 30, 5 and 5. The mortality was 53, 20 and 60% respectively for these 3 groups. 8) The number of ventilator days less than 4 days duration was 27 cases with a 70% mortality but those above 5 days was 13 cases with 16% mortality. in 1981, the number of patients with ventilator days less than 2 days was 11 cases and 2 cases used the ventilator for 7~8 days. But in 1983 the number of patients with less than 4 ventilator days was 6 cases, and 7cases used ventilator for more than 5 days. 9) The number of patients with ICU days less 5 days was 23 cases and a mortality of 78% and those of 6~10day stay was 6 cases with a mortality of 50%. The number of patients with ICU days above 15 days was 18 and all survived. In 1981, 10 cases stay in the ICU for less 5 days. Only 2 cases stayed in the ICU for 6~10 days. In 1983, 6 cases stay in the ICU for less 5 days, but 4 cases stayed in the ICU for more than 15 days. 10) Complications were neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, sepais, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and cerebreal hemorrhage. From the above results the mortality rate decreased year by year and this is attributed to the early application of ventilator support and adequate intensive care.
Birth Weight ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Critical Care ; Male ; Mediastinal Emphysema ; Membranes ; Mortality ; Nurseries ; Parturition ; Pneumothorax ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn* ; Rupture ; Ventilators, Mechanical

No abstract available.
Glomerulonephritis ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental* ; Humans ; Kidney

BACKGROUND: Video assisted thoracic sympathectomy or sympathicotomy is a safe and effective therapy for the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis with immediate symptomatic imporvement. However the degree of satisfaction may diminish with time due to cmpensatory sweating or excessive hand dryness. Therefore by comparing and assessing the degree of symptomatic improvement or compensatory sweating following sympathectomy or sympathicotomy at various levels we aim to determine the optimal level of sympathetic nerve block which will result in minimal side effects and maximal benefit. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Among 194 patients having undergone video assisted thoracic sympathectomy or sympathicotomy between January 1996 and June 1999, 137 patients who responded to either telephone interview or questionnaire were included in the current study. The patients were divided into three groups. Group I(n=61) ; patients having undergone T2,3,4 sympathectomy group II(35) ; patients having undergone T2 sympathicotomy and group III(41) ; patients having undergone limited T2 sympathicotomy which consist of block of interganglionic neuronal fiber on the third rib. The parameters studied comprised of pre- and post-operative palmar temperature change treatment satisfaction the degree of compensatory sweating or discomfort from palmar dryness postoperative complication and changes in plantar sweating. RESULT: There was no difference in age and sex among the groups and the mean postoperative elevation in palmar temperature was 21.59degrees C without any differences among the groups. Patients expressing satisfaction were 65.6%, 62.9% and 90.24% in groups I, II and III, respectively(p<0.05) Moderate to severe compensatory sweating was present in 65.6% 51.4%, and 24.39%, in group I, II, and III, respectively (p<0.05) Slight but comfortable amount of palmar humidness was expressed in decreasing order group III(41.6%) group I(24.6%) and group II(5.7%) (p<0.05) Ineffectiveness or recurrence was present in 5patients in group I(8.2%) 1 patient in group II(2.9%) and none in group III. With regards to plantar sweating decrease in sweating was expressed in 43 patients(31.4%) while similar degree of sweating in 61 patients(44.5%) and increase in sweating in another 33 patinets(24.1%). CONCLUSION: Limited T2 sympathicotomy resection of the lower interganglionic neuronal fiber of the second sympathetic ganglion on the third rib showed immediate effect in palmar hyperhidrosis and caused lesser compensatory sweating and hand dryness.
Autonomic Nerve Block ; Ganglia, Sympathetic ; Hand ; Humans ; Hyperhidrosis* ; Interviews as Topic ; Neurons ; Postoperative Complications ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Recurrence ; Ribs ; Sweat ; Sweating ; Sympathectomy

No abstract available.
Appendicitis* ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch*

Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Recurrence

Leuconostoc species are Gram-positive coccobacilli and are used in dairy products and are intrinsically resistant to vancomycin. Leuconostoc infections are rare in humans, usually occurring in immune-compromised patients. We describe 6 patients with Leuconostoc bacteremia at Dong-A university hospital between 1990 and 2015. One isolate (L. lactis) was identified to species level using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. All patients had underlying diseases and 5 patients underwent procedures that interrupted the normal integumentary defense. Four patients died within 30 days after being identified as carrying Leuconostoc species.
Bacteremia ; Dairy Products ; Genes, rRNA ; Humans ; Leuconostoc ; Vancomycin ; Vancomycin Resistance

PURPOSE: Dense breasts have been suggested as a risk factor for breast cancer, but controversy still remains. This study evaluates the association of reproductive and hormonal factors with dense breasts among Korean women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design, 516 women were recruited and classified for breast density patterns as being either fatty or dense, using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) of the American College of Radiology. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In univariate logistic regression, older age, higher body mass index, older age at menarche, and oral contraceptive use were associated with more fatty breasts. On the contrary, longer duration of education, alcohol consumption, lower parity, menopause and use of hormone replacement therapy were associated with dense breasts. After adjustment, age and body mass index were inversely associated with breast density (p-value for trend <0.01, respectively), whereas nulliparous and premenopausal status were positively associated. Compared to women who had > or =2 children, nulliparous women had an 11.8-fold increase of dense breasts (p-value for trend <0.01). Compared to postmenopausal women, premenopausal women had 2.4-fold increase of dense breasts (odds ratio, 2.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.36 to 4.32). CONCLUSION: Young age, lower body mass index, lower parity, and premenopausal status were significantly associated with dense breasts in Korea.
Alcohol Drinking ; Body Mass Index ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Mammography ; Menarche ; Menopause ; Parity ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: The Korean National Cancer Screening Program began in 1999. To provide essential evidence related to breast cancer screening in Korean women, we analyzed data from the KNCSP in 2008. METHODS: Using data obtained from the National Cancer Screening Information System, breast cancer screening participation rates were calculated. Recall rates were estimated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: The target population of breast cancer screening in 2008 included 3,706,062 women, 1,294,060 of whom utilized mammography as a screening tool (participation rate, 34.9%). Compared to the participation rate of women covered by the National Health Insurance Program (37.3%), women covered by the Medical Aid Program was lower (21.3%). The overall recall rate of breast cancer screening was 6.4% (95% CI, 6.39-6.47). CONCLUSION: According to our study, efforts to facilitate the participation and to reduce disparities in breast cancer screening among Korean women are needed. These results will provide essential data for evidence-based strategies in breast cancer control in Korea.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Korea ; Mammography ; Mass Screening ; National Health Programs