The ligamentum nuchae is a midline structure extending from the occiput to the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra. Radio-opaque formations in the soft tissues behind the processes of the cervical spine has been known to radiologists since Barsony's description in 1929. It may actually be a normal sesamoid, or it may have developed as a result of previous trauma. But this remains hypothetical in that histological endochondral ossification sequence has not yet been demonstrated. These are generally asymptomatic and of clinical significance only in so far as they may be confused with fracture or tumors. Two patients who had clinical symptoms with or without previous trauma visited and they were relieved of their clinical symptoms by surgical excision. Then, we report on two unusual cases which were symptomatic.
Humans ; Spine

No abstract available.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Knee*

PURPOSE: To illustrate frequently encountered anatomic variations on PNS computed tomography(CT) and to assess their clinical significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT findings of 1523 patients, who underwent PNS CT with no history of sinus surgery, were reviewed, and prevalence of each anatomic variation and its relationship with mucociliary clearance pathway was evaluated. RESULTS: Two categories of anatomic variations were encountered. The first group included variations of the turbinates, such as concha bullosa(28.6% ), paradoxical middle turbinate(31.5%), of the uncinate process, such as medially bent or folded(36.3%), laterally bent(3.7%) or uncinate bulla(0.5%), of the ethmoidal sinus, such as Haller's ce11(28.2%), large agger nasi ce11(9.6%) or large ethmoidal bulla(23.5%) and nasal septal deviation(24. 1%), which might cause obstruction of mucociliary clearance pathway and thus give rise to secondary obstructive sinusitis. The second group included Onodi ce11(1.4%) and medial depression of the lamina papyracea (3.5%), which were not related with obstructive sinusitis. 87 cases of large agger nasi cell were associated with obstruction of nasofrontal recess. Large ethmoidal bulla(452 cases), Haller's ce11(245 cases) and true concha bullosa (25 cases) contributed to narrowing of the infundibulum. Medially bent uncinate process(220 cases), concha bullosa(157 cases), paradoxical middle turbinate(126 cases) and nasal septal deviation(93 cases) were observed in middle meatal obstruction and supreme concha (3 cases) accompanied sphenoethmoidal recess obstruction. CONCLUSION: Recognition of anatomic variations on PNS CT is important to build a treatment plan in patients with obstructive sinusitis as they may represent causes of the disease, and to avoid critical complications during functional endoscopic sinus surgery.
Anatomic Variation ; Depression ; Humans ; Mucociliary Clearance ; Prevalence ; Sinusitis ; Turbinates

No abstract available.
Fetal Development* ; Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Angiotensin II* ; Angiotensins* ; Animals ; Endocrine System* ; Rats*

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare dementing illness that usually affects older adults and is characterized by a rapidly progressive dementia, ataxia, and myoclonus. The disease is due to an unusual transmissible protein called a prion. The diagnosis is often suspected on the basis of electroencephalographic (EEG) and clinical findings. Our case was 62-year-old woman, who presented acute onset rapid progressive dementia, myoclonus, heightened startle reaction, extrapyramidal symptoms, and died about 2.5 months after onset of disease. We diagnosed this case as CJD with typical EEG pattern and clinical features.
Adult ; Ataxia ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome* ; Dementia* ; Diagnosis ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Myoclonus ; Startle Reaction

No abstract available.
Breast Diseases* ; Breast*

Redundant nerve root syndrome(RNRS) is a rare case. It was first reported by Verbiest in 1951. Thereafter a few cases were reported in neurosurgical field, but they were not reported in neurological field. We report a case of RNRS of the cauda equina. The clinical featuresl of the patient were chronic lumbago, radicular pain, leg weakness & atrophy, and intermittent neurogenic claudication. Myelography revealed characteristic serpentine filling defects in the cauda equina.
Atrophy ; Cauda Equina* ; Humans ; Leg ; Low Back Pain ; Myelography

Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is a complex genetic disorder characterized by the formation of multiple hamartomas. It was first described by von Recklinghausen in 1862. In 1880, Boumeville coined the term sclerose tubererse. In 1908, Vogt emphasized the classic triad of seizures, mental retardation, and adenoma sebaceum. TS is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with a high incidence of sporadic cases. TS might be a relatively common disease, but familial cases were not reported commonly in neurological field. We reported a familial TS in brothers with protean clinical expressivity.
Hamartoma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intellectual Disability ; Numismatics ; Seizures ; Siblings ; Tuberous Sclerosis*

No abstract available.
Proportional Hazards Models* ; Survival Analysis*