In 1984, Gustilo subgrouped type III open fracture into III a, III b and III c according to the severity, soft tissue damage and vascular injury. Type III c open fracture presents serious problems especially possible amputation due to vascular insufficiency, so emergency vascular surgery with bone fixation by using plate, IM nail fixator is mandatory. We reviewed 10 cases of type III c open fracture of the forearm and evaluated the bone healing process according to fixation method, intramedullary nailing and plating treated at Orthopaedic Department of Sung-Ae General Hospital from Feb. 1986 to Aug. 1988. The folliwing results were obtained: l. All cases were industrial accidents, 9 cases in right, and the mean age was 24.1 ranging from 17 to 34. 2. There were 4 cases of the radial & ulnar artery rupture and 6 cases of the radial artery rupture, 7 cases were treated end to end anastomosis and 3 cases with vein graft. 3. The fracture level of ulna & radius was same in all cases, 7 cases in distal one-third, 2 cases in middle one-third and 1 case in proximal one-third. 4. The average time of union was 14.1 weeks in the radius and 14.5 weeks in the ulna. 5. The fixation methods were plating in 7 cases and IM nailing in 3 cases. 6. The complications were non-union in 1 case, osteomyelitis in 2 cases and refracture in 1 case. 7. The functional result was excellent in 1 case, satisfactory in 3 cases, unsatisfactory in 5 cases, and failure in 1 case according to the rating system of Anderson.
Accidents, Occupational ; Amputation ; Emergencies ; Forearm ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fractures, Open ; Hospitals, General ; Methods ; Osteomyelitis ; Radial Artery ; Radius ; Rupture ; Transplants ; Ulna ; Ulnar Artery ; Vascular System Injuries ; Veins

The author performed this study to investige the relationship between condylar movements recorded with Pantronic and mandibular movements at incisal area recorded with BioEGN. For this study 24 patients with Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and 30 dental students without any masticatory symptoms were selected as patients group and control group, respectively. The items recorded with Pantronic(Denar Corp., USA) were immediate side-shift, orbiting path, protrusive path, and PRI. BioEGN(Bioelectric-gnathography, Bioresearch Inc., USA) were sued to measure the amount of mandibular torque movement in frontal and horizontal plane and also the distance of mandibular translation at incisal area. Amount of mandibular rotational torque movement was analyzed by angle and difference between both condyles in frontal and horizontal plane. The collected data were processed with SAS program and conclusion were as follows : 1. Mean value of items recorded with Pantronic were not significantly differed between patients group and control group except the item of pantographic reproducibility index(PRI). The value of PRI was 39.5 in patients group, and 29.5 in control group. 2. The amount of mandibular torque movement was not differed tin early protrusive and early left excursion between patients group and control group, but in early right excursion, patients group showed more value than control group did. 3. The distance on sagittal plane in early eccentric movements were longer in patients group than those in control group, but the distance of maximal eccentric movements were not significantly differed between patients group and control group. 4. Items which showed significant correlation with PRI were progressive side-shift, and horizontal torque movement in early protrusion and right excursion. 5. The angle of protrusive path of affected side was greater than of non-affected side in unilaterally affected patients, but the protrusive angle of preferred chewing side was not differed from that of contralateral side in control group. 6. The amount of torque movement in early protrusion and right excursion were greater in patients with coincidence of affected side and preferred chewing side than in patients without coincidence.
Humans ; Mastication ; Orbit ; Students, Dental ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; Tin ; Torque

Corneal thickness is not only a major indicator of corneal diseases but an important parameter for the safety and the prevention of complications in various refractive surgeries widely performed nowadays.Therefore, we tried to acquire the basic data of corneal thickness in normal Koreans through this study. Central corneal thickness was measured using ultrasonic pachymeter in 460 eyes of 238 normal Koreans and analyzed according to the difference in age, sex, left &right, refractive error, and mean keratometry.Mean CCT was 529.67+/-32.18 micrometer.There is no statistically significant difference in CCT according to the difference in age, sex, left and right, refractive error, and mean keratometry in normal Koreans.
Corneal Diseases ; Refractive Errors ; Refractive Surgical Procedures ; Ultrasonics*

The purpose of this study is to assess the accuracy of IOL power calculations using clinical history method in patients who undergo cataract surgery after previous PRK, RK, or LASIK.Five eyes of 3 patients who had previous PRK, RK, or LASIK underwent phacoemulsifications with IOL implantation.We calculated IOL power for target refractive error using clinical history method.We compared postoperative refractive error to target refractive error at 3 months after cataract surgery.In the first case (RK (od)& PRK (os)), there was 3.50 diopter undercorrection on the right eye and IOL was exchanged.And target refractive error was achieved on the left eye.In the second case (LASIK patient)there was 1.00 diopter undercorrection.In the third case (PRK (ou)), right eye achieved 0.75 diopter undercorrection and left eye achieved 0.50 diopter overcorrection.The types of cataract were nuclear sclerotic in 3 cases and anterior subcapsular in 2 cases.To determine the exact IOL power after refractive surgery, using clinical history method would be good alternative in these patients.
Cataract* ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Phacoemulsification ; Refractive Errors ; Refractive Surgical Procedures*

Of the more than two hundred collections of pildamchanghwa scattered around the world that are being catalogued and translated, more than forty are medical in nature. This paper organizes and charts the medical written conversations by their dates of publication and examine the various aspects of their publication. Medical written conversations have been collected since the Fourth Envoy. There are no records of medical written conversations or poetry exchange in Tsushima even though that was the first port of arrival for the Tongsinsa. Instead, sources show that written conversations and poetry exchanges mostly took place in Kyoto, Tokyo, and Osaka; indeed, these three cities, in that order, also have yielded the highest volumes of publication. The first commercially published collection of medical written conversations was Sanghaneuidam, published in 1713 following the Eighth Envoy. Though Gyerimchanghwajip was published two years earlier in 1711, it is clear from the usage of the word changhwa in the title that this collection was not strictly limited to medical written conversations. Sanghaneuidam was an attempt by Japanese medicine to collect questions and answers in order to publish as medical textbooks. The Japanese medicine that was involved in the most written conversations was Kawamura Shunko, who was the editor of Sanghaneuimundap and Joseonpildam following the Tenth Envoy. Publications with titles containing 'eui' explicitly contemplates the targeted readership. Kitao Shunpo was one Japanese medicine who was less interested in meeting a literary scrivener, but instead sought to converse with a respected medicine. When the Eighth Envoy of 1711 arrived in Ogaki, Kitao followed around the Joseon medicines and attempted written conversations. He enlisted the aid of his second son Shunrin in organizing the written conversations, and published the collection, complete with preface, postscript, and appendices-an editorial decision that fully contemplated his audience. Prior to meeting Gi Du-mun, Kitao meticulously planned out the order of questions-that is, the table of contents for Sanghaneuidam. Kitao drafted his questions to serve the purpose of a medical textbook, edited the contents of the written conversations, and added illustrations before presenting the collection to the public. Seomulyuchan, one of the most famous leishu in Japan, contains a preface by Lee Hyeon, a scrivener of Joseon. Kitao, who had studied Dongeuibogam, had already possessed a vast and systematic knowledge of materia medica; however, he sought Lee's contributions, hoping that a preface written by a renowned Joseon scholar would lend his publication more credibility. As such, it can be inferred that the preface to Seomulyuchan was created as an extension of the medical written conversations.
History, 18th Century ; Humans ; Japan ; Medicine, Traditional/history ; Publishing/history/*statistics & numerical data ; Travel ; Writing

It is usually difficult to obtain an exact reduction of bony mallet finger involving more than one third of the articular surface by closed manipulation and extension splinting and needs the operative treatment to obtain an exact anatomical reduction. Operative treatment of a mallet finger is a difficult procedure, fraught with many potential problems, including intraoperative fragmentation of dorsal lip fracture, difficulty of exposure and anatomical reduction of the fragment, skin slough, and postoperative loss of fixation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the fixation technique and to reduce intraoperative complications. We retrospectively reviewed 13 patients of bony mallet fingers, who were treated by tension wire fixation between January 1994 and August 1995 at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kwangmyung Sung Ae Hospital. There were 6 male and 7 female pateints. The most common cause was sports injury (6 cases). According to Wehbe and Schneider classification, 8 cases were type II and subtype B, 7 cases were the other types. According to modified Abouna and Brown criteria, the clinical results were success in 10 cases and failure in 3 cases. Postoperative complications were superficial infeciton (2 cases), skin necrosis (1 case), nail deformity (1 case) and secondary extensor tendon rupture (1 case). In conclusion, tension wire fixation of bony mallet finger was a simple and effective fixation of the fragment under the direct vision, which make it possible to exercise early and fix sturdily. But it should be avoided some pitfalls associated with internal fixation of small bony fragments.
Athletic Injuries ; Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Fingers* ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; Lip ; Male ; Necrosis ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Skin ; Splints ; Tendons

Displaced fracture of the ankle are probably the most common skeletal injury managed today by open reduction and internal fixation. But, it is recommended that metallic implant might be removed to restore normal biomechanical forces on hone and to reduce discomfort directly under the skin. in order to reduce the resources needed for the removal of metallic fixation devices, absorbable impiants of biodegradable synthetic polymers were deveioped. However reports of clinical application of such implants have so far been very few. This prospective study represents the good resuits in 15 displaced non-comminuted closed malleolar fractures of the ankle treated using hiodegradahle internal fixation in department of orthopedic surgery of Kwang Myung Sung Ae general hospitai from June I 995 to December 1996. The results were as follows 1. All cases were united and the average time for union was 7.6 weeks. 2. As a results of comparison with normal side, a restriction of 10 degrees or more of dorsiflexion of the ankle joint was present in 4 cases, a restriction of 20 degrees or more of plantar tlexion was present in 2 cases, a restriction of supination was present in 3 cases and a restriction of plantar flexion was present in 4 cases. 3. According to Phillips functional scoring scale, 4 cases were excellent, 7 cases good, 4 cases fair and no cases were poor. 4. There were no complications in all cases.
Ankle ; Ankle Joint ; Orthopedics ; Polymers ; Prospective Studies ; Skin ; Supination

Perforation of the choroid and retina during strabismus surgery is fairly common and optimal management of global perforation is contoversial. The authorsinvestigated the histological changes of the rabbit eyes to compare the treatment effects of diode laser photocoagulation, cryotreatment, and nontreatment in experimentally perforated rabbit eyes.We perforated the globe of 6 pigmented rabbits (12 eyes)and treated four eyes with diode laser and four with cryotherapy and did not treat the remaining four.Proliferation of stromal cells and chorioretinal adhesion were seen in untreated eyes. The cryotherapy eyes revealed retinal destruction and pigment-laden cells in all retinal layers.The eyes treated by diode laser showed firm chorioretinal adhesion and relatively well preserved inner layers of retina.We concluded that directed diode laser photocoagulation was a safe and effective method of retinopexy to prevent the retinal detachment after globe perforation durng strabismus surgery.
Choroid ; Cryotherapy ; Lasers, Semiconductor ; Light Coagulation ; Rabbits ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinaldehyde ; Strabismus ; Stromal Cells

A retrospective study was designed to compare postoperative effect in 45 cases of patients of bicanaliculoplasty with lower canaliculoplasty. The 30 of 45 cases received bicanalicular stent and the 15 cases had lower canaliculoplasty using Mini-Monoka(r) (lower canaliculoplasty).The age ranged from 5 to 67 years (mean: 37.1 years).Thirty-two patients were men and 6 patients were women.After follow-up period of 6 to 12 month (mean 8.6 month), 27 cases (90%)of bicanaliculoplasty and 9 cases (60%)of lower canaliculoplasty became recanalized well. Postoperative complications included granuloma of the punctum in both cases (6 cases of bicanaliculoplasty, 3 case of lower canaliculoplasty)and loss of tube (3 case of bicanaliculoplasty, 6 case of lower canaliculoplasty). When both upper and lower canalicula were injuried, better result was seen in the method of lower canaliculoplasty using Mini-Monoka(r) than that of bicanaliculoplasty using bicanalicular stent. Both bicanalicular stent and Mini-Monoka(r) were good for canaliculoplasty.
Follow-Up Studies ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Lacerations* ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents*

PURPOSE: We determine the normal variation in cyclotorsion, the difference between the two eyes of each individual, and the torsional changes according to age and sex. METHODS: We examined the horizontal and vertical distances from the center of the disc to the fovea and the angle with fundus photographs of 100 ophthalmologically normal subjects (200 eyes). We calculated the vertical/horizontal disc ratio and the difference of the vertical disc-foveal distance and angle between the two eyes of each individual. We studied the changes of all the measured parameters according to age and sex. RESULTS: The horizontal distance from the center of the disc to the fovea was 2.62 +/- 0.25 DD in the right eye, 2.60 +/- 0.25 DD in the left eye, and the mean was 2.61 +/- 0.25 DD. The vertical distance from the center of the disc to the fovea was 0.28 +/- 0.15 DD in the right eye, 0.30 +/- 0.15 DD in the left, and the mean was 0.29 +/- 0.15 DD. The angle was 6.11 +/- 3.21degrees in the right eye, 6.67 +/- 3.18degrees in the left, and the mean was 6.39 +/- 3.20degrees. The difference of the vertical distance and the angle between the eyes was 0.13 +/- 0.09 DD and 2.98 +/- 2.07, respectively. The parameter change according to age and sex was not statistically significant (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: If the fovea was from 0.01 DD above center of the disc to 0.09 DD below the lower edge of the disc, we could confirm the absence of cyclotropia. There was no significant change of any of the measured parameters according to age and sex in the normal population.