Intertrochanteric fracture of femur is increasing in their incidence. Recently Ender nail and compression hip screw are very popular but they have disadvantage in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of femur. We have treated 49 cases of intertrochanteric fractures from December 1979 to October 1985 using Ender nail(31 cases) and compression hip screw(18 cases) respectively and compared the results. The summary of the results obtained were as follows: l. Average operation time was 72 minutes in Ender nail group and 146 minutes in compression hip screw group. 2. Average blood loss was 154ml in Ender nail group and 661ml in compression hip screw group. 3. Roentgenographic union was obtained in 12 weeks in both groups. 4. Minor postoperative complications were 24 cases in Ender nail group and 3 in compression hip screw group. Among 24 complications of Ender nail group, 19 were about the knee joint. Our conclusion is that Ender nailing is useful modality in the treatment of unstableintertrochanteric fractures who are old and high risk patients.
Femur ; Hip Fractures ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence ; Knee Joint ; Postoperative Complications

BACKGROUND: To reduce surgical stress, fentanyl is frequently used for neurosurgical procedure where focal and/or global ischemia may occur. However, the effect of fentanyl on the cytokine level during ischemia/reperfusion is still uncertain. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of fentanyl infusion on the proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, levels during global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats using the intracerebral microdialysis technique. METHODS: Forty male S-D rats weighing 280 320 g were randomly assigned to four groups. Group 1: no fentanyl infusion and only I/R, Group 2: 1.5 ng/ml of fentanyl infusion during I/R, Group 3: 3.0 ng/ml of fentanyl infusion during I/R (n = 10 in each group). Rats were anesthetized with a intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital (50 mg/kg), intubated and ventilated with room air using an animal ventilator. Two femoral arteries and one femoral vein were cannulated with PE-50 tubing for hemorrhagic hypotension, drug infusion and hydration. Both carotid arteries were dissected and a sling was placed for brain ischemia. The head was fixed on a stereotaxic device and a small burrhole was made for probe insertion. A CMA-12 probe was inserted into the left hippocampal CA-1 region according to the guidelines. Artificial CSF was run from the inserted microdialysis probe and infused with or without fentanyl at 3 microliter/min using a microinjection syringe pump during I/R. Ischemia was induced by clamping the carotid arteries while hemorrhagic hypotension for 17 min via the femoral artery and reperfusion were accomplished by the unclamping of the sling and reinfusing the blood via the femoral artery. Nasopharyngeal and rectal temperatures were maintained within the normal range during the whole procedure. After 2 hours of stabilization, the microdialysate was collected every 17 min just before (control) and during I/R and stored at 80oC until analysis using HPLC. RESULTS: During global I/R, TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta significantly increased at reperfusion (R5) compared to the control value (P < 0.05). However, in both cases of fentanyl infusion, TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta did not increase compared to the control value. CONCLUSIONS: Fentanyl inhibited the increase of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta levels during global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats.
Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; Carotid Arteries ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Constriction ; Femoral Artery ; Femoral Vein ; Fentanyl* ; Head ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Interleukin-1beta ; Ischemia ; Male ; Microdialysis ; Microinjections ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Pentobarbital ; Rats* ; Reference Values ; Reperfusion ; Syringes ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha* ; Ventilators, Mechanical

No abstract available.
Sinusitis*

Sclerosing hemangioma of the lung is uncommon benign neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis, although their radiological appearance is relatively distinct and well-defined. Recently, we experienced 2 cases of sclerosing hemangiomas of the lungs in 61 and 39 years old women. The light microscopic findings of the tissues are similar to the features reported by Liebow and Hubbell(1956). The basic cellular response is thought to be type II pneumonocytes because of findings of multilamellar-like bodies within stromal cells with electron microscopy in case I in addition to other characteristics generally found in epithelial cells.
Female ; Humans ; Hemangioma

PURPOSE: To make an optic nerve crush injury model and to investigate the neuroprotective effect of intravitreally injected ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) on rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the model. METHODS: The optic nerves of 12 Sprague-Dawley rats were crushed at 3 mm posterior to the eyeball for 1 minute using aneurysm clip (110 g). Two micrograms of CNTF in 2 micro liter of vehicle was injected intravitreally in one group (n=6) and 2 micro liter of PBS was injected in the control group (n=6) at 4, 7, and 10 days after the optic nerve injury. After 2 weeks, the retrograde labeling of the RGCs was done by the dextran tetramethylrhodamine. Twenty-four hours after the labeling, the retina was wholly mounted and the labeled RGCs were counted under the fluorescence microscope. RESULTS: The death of RGCs in this model began at 1 week and continued for 3 weeks. The number of labeled RGCs in CNTF-injected group (510+/-139/mm2) were significantly higher than that in control group (345+/-87/mm2)(p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The optic nerve crush injury model was established by use of aneurysm clip. In this model, the intravitreally injected CNTF had a neuroprotective effect on the rat RGCs.
Aneurysm ; Animals ; Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor* ; Dextrans ; Fluorescence ; Neuroprotective Agents* ; Optic Nerve Injuries ; Optic Nerve* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Retina ; Retinal Ganglion Cells* ; Retinaldehyde*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the current status and the basic information of cumulative traumatic disorder among workers. METHOD: The subjects were 198 workers, consisted of 100 shipspublisher workers, 155 telephone operators and 43 light workers. Workers were surveyed with a standardized self- administered questionnaire and examed by the occupational medicine doctors and physiatrists for the cumulative traumatic disorders. Laboratory tests, nerve conduction studies and X-rays of the C-spine and shoulders were performed in all subjects. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: Myofascial pain syndrome was the most frequent problem in the shipspublisher and telephone operators. As a result of the multiple logistic regression analysis, cycle time, palm pinch, lumbar and neck flexion were the significant variables accounting for the musculoskeletal symptoms.
Logistic Models ; Myofascial Pain Syndromes ; Neck ; Neural Conduction ; Occupational Medicine ; Prevalence* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Shoulder ; Telephone

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To date, the best therapeutic modality for gastric adenoma, especially low-grade adenoma, has not been established. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of argon plasma coagulation (APC) in treating gastric adenoma compared with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). METHODS: We included 210 patients with gastric adenoma, who underwent treatment with either APC (97 patients) or ESD (113 patients). The clinical and pathologic characteristics, mean duration of hospital stay, complications, and recurrence rates between the two groups were compared. RESULTS: The mean adenoma size was 0.9 cm and 1.1 cm in the APC group and ESD group, respectively (p<0.001). The mean duration of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the APC group than in the ESD group (1.6 days vs. 5.8 days, p<0.001). Complications did not occur in the APC group. However, one case of perforation (0.9%) and 6 cases of bleeding (5.3%) occurred in the ESD group. The recurrence rates were 15.3% (15/97 patients) in the APC group and 3.5% (4/113 patients) in the ESD group (p=0.003). The proportion of hospitalization was less in the APC group (43.3%, 42/97) than in the ESD group (100.0%, 113/113) (p<0.001). Medical expense was less in the APC group (377,172 won) than in the ESD group (1,430,610 won) (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that APC is a safe treatment method for gastric adenoma without serious complications. However, regular endoscopic follow-up is necessary to detect any residual or recurrent lesions due to the relatively high rate of local recurrence after APC.
Adenoma* ; Argon Plasma Coagulation* ; Argon* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Methods ; Recurrence

BACKGROUND: Filter paper blood samples are convenient for sampling, storage and transport, and widely used for diagnostic and epidemiological studies of Plasmodium species. Our study was aimed to establish antibody and DNA tests using filter paper and to evaluate the usefulness of filterpaper blood sample and storage duration at room temperature. METHODS: 50 L whole blood of 45 Plamsmodium vivax infected patients were spotted on filter paper, dried, and kept in a drawer at room temperature. The paired, whole blood samples were stored at -70degrees C freezer temperature. The filter paper samples were used for PCR at 12 and 24 months. The standard filter paper samples (5, 000, 500, 100, 50, 5, 1 parasite/microL) were made from 3 patients and used for polymerase chain reaction every 3 months until 2 years, antibody test filter paper samples were used every month for 8 months. As standard, -70 degrees C whole blood samples were used. RESULTS: P. vivax DNA was detected in all (45/45) of the filter paper samples by PCR during 24months of storage. Detection limit of PCR was 1 P. vivax/microL using standard filter paper samples for12 months of storage, and 5 P. vivax/microL samples after that. The P. vivax antibody was detected perfectly(43/43) from filter paper samples during 5 months of storage. After that, the antibody detectionrates were, respectively, 81.4% (35/43), 60.5% (26/43), 51.2% (22/43) at six, seven and eight months. CONCLUSIONS: Filter paper blood samples stored at room temperature remained stable for PCR and antibody studies for 1 year and 5 months, respectively.
DNA* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Limit of Detection ; Plasmodium ; Plasmodium vivax* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Cumulative trauma disorders were surveyed in a cross-sectional study of 100 male ship yard workers and 43 male office workers. And baseline checklist for risk assessment of cumulative trauma disorders was applicated in a ship making process. Cases of cumulative trauma disorders were defined using physical examinations and electronic diagnostic methods. Data on demographics, individual factors (medical condition), work organization and psychosocial aspects of work were obtained by questionnaire. Association between the above factors and cumulative trauma disorders were assessed by multiple logistic regression models. 29(29 %) participants of male shipyard workers and 4(9.2 %) study subjects of male office workers met our case definitions for cumulative trauma disorders. The myofascial pain syndrome of neck muscles(12 % of participants) and carpal tunnel syndrome(5 % of participants) were the major two medical conditions in shipyard workers. The odds of male shipyard workers for cumulative trauma disorders to male office workers was 3.15 after adjustment of age(95 % C.I. :2.25-5.44). And the variables such as duration of present job, HIVD condition, and surges in workload were associated at least one of the cumulative trauma disorders in the final models (p<0.05) . This study indicates that work related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders are relatively common among shipyard workers, and shows that the psychosocial factors is not likely to be related to the occur rences of these disorders in heavy workers. Also we developed baseline checklist for risk assessment of cumulative trauma disorders. The checklist was unique in that its expected users were industrial hygienists and occupational healthing nurses who did not have much ergonomic background and in that it was targeted to Korean workers in various types. As the first application of the checklist, shipyard workers were evaluated.
Checklist* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cumulative Trauma Disorders* ; Demography ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Myofascial Pain Syndromes ; Neck ; Occupational Health ; Physical Examination ; Psychology ; Questionnaires ; Risk Assessment* ; Ships ; Upper Extremity

Cumulative trauma disorders were surveyed in a cross-sectional study of 100 male ship yard workers and 43 male office workers. And baseline checklist for risk assessment of cumulative trauma disorders was applicated in a ship making process. Cases of cumulative trauma disorders were defined using physical examinations and electronic diagnostic methods. Data on demographics, individual factors (medical condition), work organization and psychosocial aspects of work were obtained by questionnaire. Association between the above factors and cumulative trauma disorders were assessed by multiple logistic regression models. 29(29 %) participants of male shipyard workers and 4(9.2 %) study subjects of male office workers met our case definitions for cumulative trauma disorders. The myofascial pain syndrome of neck muscles(12 % of participants) and carpal tunnel syndrome(5 % of participants) were the major two medical conditions in shipyard workers. The odds of male shipyard workers for cumulative trauma disorders to male office workers was 3.15 after adjustment of age(95 % C.I. :2.25-5.44). And the variables such as duration of present job, HIVD condition, and surges in workload were associated at least one of the cumulative trauma disorders in the final models (p<0.05) . This study indicates that work related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders are relatively common among shipyard workers, and shows that the psychosocial factors is not likely to be related to the occur rences of these disorders in heavy workers. Also we developed baseline checklist for risk assessment of cumulative trauma disorders. The checklist was unique in that its expected users were industrial hygienists and occupational healthing nurses who did not have much ergonomic background and in that it was targeted to Korean workers in various types. As the first application of the checklist, shipyard workers were evaluated.
Checklist* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cumulative Trauma Disorders* ; Demography ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Myofascial Pain Syndromes ; Neck ; Occupational Health ; Physical Examination ; Psychology ; Questionnaires ; Risk Assessment* ; Ships ; Upper Extremity