BACKGROUND: Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy(JME) is the most common idiopathic generalized epileptic syndrome which occurs mostly in the second decade of life. It is still frequently unrecognized and misdiagnosed. JME responds well to valproate, but is hardly controlled by other commonly used antiepileptic drug such as carbamazepine or phenytoin. We intended to Investigate the clinical symptoms and EEG findings of JME to support the diagnosis and treatment of JME. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical record of 18 childrens with JME, from March 1991 to February 1997 We have analysed the clinical symptoms, seizure type, EEG findings including photosensitivity, and the effect of antiepileptic drug. RESULTS: 1) Seven patients were boys and eleven patients were girls(M : F=1 : 1.6). The seizure onset between 5 and 7 years of age were noted in 5 cases, that between 8 and 10 years in 5 cases, and in 8 cases seizures began after 11 years of age 2) Generalized convulsive seizures were noted in 16 cases(GTC 13, GC 2, GCTC 1), myoclonic seizures in 18 cases, absence seizures in 5 cases, and photoconvulsive seizures during video game were associated in 3 cases. 3) Epileptiform discharges at the diagnosis of JME were noted 12 cases(66.7%), and no epileptiform discharges were seen in 6 cases(33.3%). The background activities were normal in all cases. In all 12 cases that showed abnormal epileptiform discharge, generalized spike and wave discharges were obtained, and photosensitivies noted in 4 cases. 4) Follow up EEG obtained after treatment, showed normal EEG findings in 16 cases, and abnormal EEG findings were obtained in 2 cases. 5) Sixteen cases responded well to valproate monotherapy, and 2 other cases responded to valproate and ethosuximide combined therapy. In one case who received vigabatrin, the seizure was aggravated. 6) In 5 cases who discontinued antiepicoptic drug medication after 3 year seizure free duration, 3(60%) cases relapsed within 1 year, and 2(40%) cases remained seizure free for over 1 year. CONCLUSION: Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is an epileptic syndrome with generalized convulsive seizure, myoclonic seizure, and absence seizure, and EEG findings showed generalized spike and wave discharge in 66.7%, and photosensitivity in 22.2%. JME responded well to valproate monotherapy or valproate and ethosuximide combined the rape, but not responded to other antiepileptic drugs.
Anticonvulsants ; Carbamazepine ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy, Absence ; Ethosuximide ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile* ; Phenytoin ; Rape ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Valproic Acid ; Video Games ; Vigabatrin

The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of food impaction and to explore solutions as well. For this study, 39 patients with food impaction wee selected. 77 contact areas in these patients were investigated mobility, tightness of contact area, gingival index, plaque index, attachment loss, alveolar bone loss, proximal caries, marginal ridge distance and occlusal relationships. The results were as follows ; 1. Teeth without distal support were found to be the most frequent site of food impaction (41.6%). Food impaction was found to be more frequent in the upper teeth (66.2%) than the lower teeth (33.8%). 2. Food impaction was found in tight contact cases (71.4%). Alveolar bone loss was not found in the early stage of food impaction (83.1%) 3. The distance between the marginal ridges of food impaction sites (mean=0.48mm) was shorter than that of the control group. (mean=0.77mm) (p<0.001) 4. In 18.2% of t he cases, proximal carries were found at the food impaction site. 5. Food impaction affected patient's occlusion with the following frequencies ; cusp to marginal ridge relationship (72.7%), cusp to fossa relationship (3.9%) and stepped relationship (23.4%).
Alveolar Bone Loss ; Humans ; Periodontal Index ; Tooth

A retrospective study was made of the previous medical records of 32 infants with congenital syphilis borne from mothers with untreated syphilis at Severence Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine during the years 1,972 through 19g3, These infants had a VDRL titer higher than 1: 8 with reactive FTA-ABS test and were also subjected to radiologic examinations. Radiologic changes and clinical features were analyzed, The following results were obtained: Of the total of 32 infants with congenital syphilis under 5 months of age, those under 1 month of age, were the most common group numbering a total of twelve. Of 32 infants with congenital syphilis, twenty-nine(91%) showed skeletal changes upon radiologic examination, Among them the different sites of bone involvernent revealed that the femur(92%) was the most commonly affected bone, followed by the humerus(88%), tibia(81%,), fibula(80%), ulna(72%), radius (68%). Among the same 29 infants a study of the presence of various abnormal bone changes showed that periostitis was the most common, being involved in 83%, the others being metaphysitis and periostitis(72%), metaphysitis(66%). 3. Among the clinicaI features presented in the 32 infants with congenital syphilis, hepatomegaly was the most common(63%,), followed by erythema with desquamation(47%), pneumonia(38%), maulopapules(34%).
Erythema ; Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption Test ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Infant ; Medical Records ; Mothers ; Periostitis ; Radius ; Retrospective Studies ; Syphilis ; Syphilis, Congenital*

BACKGROUNDS: Percutaneous radiofrequency neurotomy of posterior primary ramus has been in use as a treatment for persistent, mechanical low back pain for two decades. However, there has been limited studies regarding to prognostic factors related to outcome. We report our experience with at least 2-year follow up with special aftention on prognostic factors. METHODS: Of total 228 patients who underwent percutaneous radiofrequency neurotomy (PRN) of posterior primary ramus for refractory low back pain during last 3 years, 128 patients whose pain was considered to be originated from facets joints or their surrounding soft tissue and responded to temporary blocks were assigned to a group II. All patients had more than 6 months of pain. These patients were compared with 100 patients to whom PRN were provided for chronic nonspecific low back pain without all inclusion criteria (Group I). RF procedures were done under local anesthesia with C-arm intensifier guidance. Pain reliefs were estimated at 1week, 1month, 6months and 2 years using visual analog scale(VAS). For patients with more that 50% reduction of previous pain was regarded as positive responder. Various clinical variables such as age, sex, symptom duration, types of pain, bilaterality, and previous surgery were studied for prognostic factors. RESULTS: Positive responders were 56% at 1week, 46% at lmonth, 18% at 6months, and 13% at 2years after PRN in group I, and 78.9% at lweek, 75.4% at lmonth, 62.5% at 6months, and 54.7% at 2years in group II. Some variables were found to be significantly related to outcome including prominent local tenderness, percussion tenderness, combination of symptoms with pain on gefting up, extension, transitional movement, pain radiating to buttock and/or posterior thigh, and good immediate response. Age, sex, symptom duration, bilaterality, imaging study results, previous lumbar surgery, and degrees of pain relief from diagnostic block were not related to outcome. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that PRN of posterior primary ramus has a moderate overall long-term beneficial effect, with no morbidity in our series. But, the long-term good results will be anticipated only in properly selected patients with low back pain originating from facet joints and surrounding structures.
Anesthesia, Local ; Buttocks ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joints ; Low Back Pain* ; Percussion ; Thigh ; Zygapophyseal Joint

The folling results were obtained through the clinical review and Virology Laboratory of 100 cases of meningitis seen at ward of the pediatric department of Has Sung Hospital during the period from May to June, 1993. 1) Early childhood period was the most frequent age group and male was predominant in aseptic meningitis. 2) The common chief complaints were fever, vomiting, headache in order. 3) On physical examination meningeal irritation signs were not prominent. 4) On admission, leukocytosis (WBC count>10.000/mm(3)) on peripheral blood was showed in 36%. 5) The findings of cerebrospinal fluid showed that cells (Mean WBC count 671.8/mm(3)) were increased in all cases, and protein and sugar were mostly within normal limit. 6) Echovirus 9 was thought to be main causative agent according to the cerebrospinal fluid culture and antibody test. 7) On follow up study 2 months after discharge, 14 cases showed minimal abnormalities of EEG but no abnormal finding in BERA.
Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Echovirus 9 ; Electroencephalography ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Humans ; Leukocytosis ; Male ; Meningitis ; Meningitis, Aseptic* ; Physical Examination ; Virology ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ethanol on the regulation of vascular tone. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using rat aorta ring, isometric contraction and 45Ca uptake were measured. Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), phenylephrine, KCl were used for the regulation of smooth muscle tone. RESULTS: Ethanol induced transient contraction in rat aorta ring by dose-dependent manner. Ethanol suppressed the dose dependent contractile responses of vascular strip by phenylephrine, KCl and PDBu. Endothelium-dependent relaxation by acetylcholine was inhibited by ethanol. Ethanol depressed 45Ca uptake by high KCl but not by phenylephrine or PDBu in rat aorta. n-butanol selectively suppressed tonic contraction by high KCl, but t-butanol did not at the same concentration of butanol in rat aorta. PDBu-induced contraction was selectively suppressed by n-butanol but not by t-butanol. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the action of ethanol on phospholipase D is involved in the decreased response of rat aorta strip by vasoconstrictors.
1-Butanol ; Acetylcholine ; Animals ; Aorta* ; Ethanol* ; Isometric Contraction ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Phenylephrine ; Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate ; Phospholipase D ; Protein Kinase C ; Rats* ; Relaxation ; tert-Butyl Alcohol ; Vasoconstrictor Agents

Multicentric pigmented Bowen's diseas. (MPBD) is a bowenoid atypia in the genitalia of young adults which was first described by Lloyd in 1970. Clinically the lesions appear to be benign warts, but histologically they show bowenoid atypia., Although the pathogenesis and cours of MPBD is as yet unknown, many authors have suggested viral etiology. We recentiy encountered two cases of MPBD, one a 25 year-old male and the other a 38 year-old female, confirmed clinicallr and histopathologically. Case 1 showed spontaneous regression without any treatment, but case 2 showed recurrence of the lesions inspite of three times of surgical excision. The recurrent MPBD which has proven to be resistant to surgical therapy is unusual according to the previous reported cases.
Adult ; Bowen's Disease* ; Female ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Male ; Recurrence ; Warts ; Young Adult

The purpose of this study was to compare the microleakage of the IPS Empress ceramic crown according to 1) margin types such as rounded shoulder and bevel, 2) margin locations such as enamel and dentine, 3) resin cement types such as Variolink and Bistite. For this study, 80 extracted premolar teeth were used. After 10 experimental dies were prepared for each group, the IPS Empress ceramic crowns were fabricated on the dies and cemented with one of two types of resin cement. After 1,000 cycles of thermal changes were given with the thermocycling unit, each specimen was sectioned with a low speed diamond saw in both the buccolingual and the mesiodistal direction. The microleakage was then measured with a stereo microscope. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Every experimental group showed microleakage. The microleakage of the crowns which had a rounded shoulder on enamel cemented with Variolink was the lowest of all. The resulting rank of the mean microleakage was rounded shoulder on enamel using Variolink(0.601mm), rounded shoulder on enamel using Bistite (0.794mm), bevel on enamel using Variolink (0.826mm), rounded shoulder on dentine using Variolink(1.054mm), bevel on enamel using Bistite(1.087mm), rounded shoulder on dentine using Bistite(1.176mm), bevel on dentine using Variolink(1.258mm), and bevel on dentine using Bistite(1.467mm). 2. The statistically significant differences in the microleakage were found in 4 cases: rounded shoulder on enamel using Variolink and bevel on dentine using Variolink, rounded shoulder on enamel using Variolink and bevel on dentine using Bistite, rounded shoulder on enamel using Bistite and bevel on dentine using Bistite, bevel on enamel using Variolink and bevel on dentine using Bistite. 3. The microleakage of rounded shoulder finish line was lower than that of bevel finish line. The statistically significant differences were found with respect to the type of finish lines. 4. The microleakage of the finish line on enamel was lower than that of finish line on dentine. The statistically significant differences were found with respect to the location of the finish lines. 5. The microleakage of the Variolink cement was lower than that of the Bistite cement. The statistically significant differences were found with respect to the resin cements.
Bicuspid ; Ceramics* ; Crowns* ; Dental Enamel ; Dentin ; Diamond ; Resin Cements* ; Shoulder ; Tooth

No abstract available.
Fibroblasts*

Recently we experienced two cases of cerebral cavernous hemangioma in children at Pediatric Department of Yonsei Medical School. We are reporting these two cases with literature review.
Child* ; Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System* ; Humans ; Schools, Medical