81 cases, 79 patients of ankle fracure treated at pusan Maryknoll hospital from May, 1980 to January, 1986 were analized in clinical and radiological aspect. The results obtained from this study were as following. l. Of the 79 patients, male was 61 patients and female was 18 patients. The average age of the patients was 36 years. 2. Main cause of the injury was traffic accident (35 cases, 43.3%) and the other causes were industrial accident, fall down, slip down, and sports accident in orders. 3. By the classification of Lauge-Hansen, the most common type was pronation external rotation(29 cases, 35.8%). 4. Open reduction was performed in 55 cases(67.9%), and closed reduction in 25 cases(30.1%) 5. The average duration of the cast immobilization was 8 weeks in closed reduction and 7 weeks in open reduction. 6. The result of the treatment was better in those cases of the open reduction than that of the closed reduction. 7. The most poor result was noticed in pronation dorsiflexion type. 8. We agree that Lauge-Hansen classification is useful in diagnosis and treatment of the ankle fracture.
Accidents, Occupational ; Accidents, Traffic ; Ankle Fractures ; Ankle ; Busan ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Male ; Pronation ; Sports

No abstract available.
Lead Poisoning*

PURPOSE: We performed this study to evaluate the changes of gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF) in diabetic patients with or without autonomic neuropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 37 diabetic patients (25 women, 12 men, mean age 51 years) and 24 normal controls (10 women, 14 men, mean age 38 years). After intravenous injection of 185 MBq of 99mTc-DISIDA, serial anterior abdominal images were acquired before and after fatty meal. Regions of interest were applied on gallbladder and right hepatic lobe on 60 and 90 minute images to calculate GBEF. RESULTS: GBEF was significantly reduced in diabetes with autonomic neuropathy (43+/-12.3%) and without autonomic neuropathy (57.5+/-13.2%) compared with normal controls (68+/-11.6%, p <0.05). And also, GBEF was significantly reduced in diabetes with autonomic neuropathy compared with diabetes without autonomic neuropathy (p <0.05). Fasting blood glucose level, age, sex, hemoglobin A1c, body mass index, serum lipid level were not different in these two diabetic patient groups (p>0.05). When 50.2% of GBEF was used as the criteria for diabetic autonomic neuropathy, the sensitivity and specificity were 80%, 76.5%, respectively. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.846. CONCLUSION: GBEF of diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy was significantly reduced than that of diabetic patients without autonomic neuropathy.
Blood Glucose ; Body Mass Index ; Diabetic Neuropathies* ; Fasting ; Female ; Gallbladder* ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Meals ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin*

PURPOSE: This study is to investigate the smoking experience and its related factors among adolescence. METHOD: The subject for this study consisted of 2711 students of middle, high school located in youngam-koon, chonnam. The data were collected by an anonymous questionnaire during the period from March. 1, 2001 to June. 20, 2001. RESULT: The frequency of cigaret smoker was 8%. The frequency of smoker in the high school was higher than that of smokers at the middle school. The motivation of smoking was curiosity and solicitation by friends, and the level of smoking was on average less than 10 cigarettes a day. The 72.2% of smokers started during the middle school period. Students who smoke had more positive attitude toward smoking than students who don't smoke. There were significant differences in there knowledge about the harmful effect of smoking between nonsmoker and smoker. Most smoking students thought that nonsmoking education is necessary for adolescents, even though they don't want to quit the smoking. The frequency of smoker was different between genders. CONCLUSION: An understanding of the characteristics of smoking of adolescence may provide guidance for preventive interventions with adolescents.
Adolescent* ; Anonyms and Pseudonyms ; Education ; Exploratory Behavior ; Friends ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Motivation ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Tobacco Products ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Purpose: To examine the impact of reading the text of the Nightingale Pledge aloud at the beginning of the shift on nursing workplace spirituality, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction among hospital nurses. Methods: We used a non-randomized controlled trial design. Forty-four nurses from four wards with similar work environments at M General Hospital in B City were enrolled. The data were analyzed using a χ2 test, t-test, and generalized estimating equations. Results: In both groups, we observed a significant group and time interaction effect for nursing workplace spirituality (Wald χ2 =4.50, p=.015) and organizational commitment (Wald χ2 =11.33, p=.001). Nursing workplace spirituality was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at eight weeks after the intervention (t=-3.41, p=.001). Likewise, organizational commitment was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at four and eight weeks after the intervention (Z=-1.97, p=.049; Z=-2.71, p=.007, respectively). Job satisfaction did not significantly before and after the intervention. Conclusion Despite the short time commitment, reading aloud the text of the Nightingale Pledge at the beginning of shift had positive effects on hospital nurses’ nursing workplace spirituality and organizational commitment.

Purpose: To examine the impact of reading the text of the Nightingale Pledge aloud at the beginning of the shift on nursing workplace spirituality, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction among hospital nurses. Methods: We used a non-randomized controlled trial design. Forty-four nurses from four wards with similar work environments at M General Hospital in B City were enrolled. The data were analyzed using a χ2 test, t-test, and generalized estimating equations. Results: In both groups, we observed a significant group and time interaction effect for nursing workplace spirituality (Wald χ2 =4.50, p=.015) and organizational commitment (Wald χ2 =11.33, p=.001). Nursing workplace spirituality was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at eight weeks after the intervention (t=-3.41, p=.001). Likewise, organizational commitment was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at four and eight weeks after the intervention (Z=-1.97, p=.049; Z=-2.71, p=.007, respectively). Job satisfaction did not significantly before and after the intervention. Conclusion Despite the short time commitment, reading aloud the text of the Nightingale Pledge at the beginning of shift had positive effects on hospital nurses’ nursing workplace spirituality and organizational commitment.

Purpose: To examine the impact of reading the text of the Nightingale Pledge aloud at the beginning of the shift on nursing workplace spirituality, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction among hospital nurses. Methods: We used a non-randomized controlled trial design. Forty-four nurses from four wards with similar work environments at M General Hospital in B City were enrolled. The data were analyzed using a χ2 test, t-test, and generalized estimating equations. Results: In both groups, we observed a significant group and time interaction effect for nursing workplace spirituality (Wald χ2 =4.50, p=.015) and organizational commitment (Wald χ2 =11.33, p=.001). Nursing workplace spirituality was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at eight weeks after the intervention (t=-3.41, p=.001). Likewise, organizational commitment was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at four and eight weeks after the intervention (Z=-1.97, p=.049; Z=-2.71, p=.007, respectively). Job satisfaction did not significantly before and after the intervention. Conclusion Despite the short time commitment, reading aloud the text of the Nightingale Pledge at the beginning of shift had positive effects on hospital nurses’ nursing workplace spirituality and organizational commitment.

Purpose: To examine the impact of reading the text of the Nightingale Pledge aloud at the beginning of the shift on nursing workplace spirituality, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction among hospital nurses. Methods: We used a non-randomized controlled trial design. Forty-four nurses from four wards with similar work environments at M General Hospital in B City were enrolled. The data were analyzed using a χ2 test, t-test, and generalized estimating equations. Results: In both groups, we observed a significant group and time interaction effect for nursing workplace spirituality (Wald χ2 =4.50, p=.015) and organizational commitment (Wald χ2 =11.33, p=.001). Nursing workplace spirituality was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at eight weeks after the intervention (t=-3.41, p=.001). Likewise, organizational commitment was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at four and eight weeks after the intervention (Z=-1.97, p=.049; Z=-2.71, p=.007, respectively). Job satisfaction did not significantly before and after the intervention. Conclusion Despite the short time commitment, reading aloud the text of the Nightingale Pledge at the beginning of shift had positive effects on hospital nurses’ nursing workplace spirituality and organizational commitment.

This is a cross-sectional study to evaluate the relationships between physical fitness, leisure time physical activity, and serum lipid levels in middle-aged male workers. Physical fitness was measured by a step test score, and leisure time physical activity was self-reported on a questionnaire. Serum total cholesterol was negatively related to physical fitness(r=-0.27), and positively to obesity index(r=0.27). But leisure time physical activity was related to total cholesterol negatively(r.-0.20) only in subjects whose total cholesterol levels were above 170mg/dl. High density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol was positively related to physical faintness(r=0.15), negatively to obesity index(r=-0.22), and positively to weekly alcohol consumption(r=0.14). Total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio was related to physical fitness(r=-0.23), obesity index(r=0.32), total cigarette index (r=0.13), weekly alcohol consumption(r=-0.13), and vegetable preference(r=0.13) physical fitness was also related to leisure time physical activity(r=0.19) and obesity index(r=-0.18). In multiple linear regression models, physical fitness(beta= -0.23) and obesity index(beta=0.18) were significantly associated with total cholesterol, obesity index(beta=-0.25) with HDL cholesterol, and obesity index(beta=0.30), physical fitness(beta= -0.16) and vegetable preference (beta=0.14) with total cholesterol HDL cholesterol ratio. In conclusion, as physical fitness has a stronger relationship with serum lipid levels than leisure time physical activity, and the association between physical fitness and leisure time physical activity is modest, physical fitness should be added as an important variable in addition to activity in future epidemiologic studies.
Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Exercise Test ; Humans ; Leisure Activities* ; Linear Models ; Male* ; Motor Activity* ; Obesity ; Physical Fitness* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tobacco Products ; Vegetables

PURPOSE: The choice of open versus closed reduction for mandibular subcondylar fracture is a debatable issue. To evaluate the advantage of open approach to closed method with IMF(intermaxillary fixation), we conducted a retrospective study to compare the outcomes of each method. METHODS: From 2002 to 2006, 29 patients with mandibular subcondylar fractures were treated by open or closed reduction. 17 patients were treated by open reduction and 12 patients by closed reduction and IMF. Each group was assessed for duration of mandibular immobilization, incidences of buccal palsy, malocclusion, TMJ(temporomandibular joint) pain, and deviation of the mandible on mouth opening. RESULTS: All cases showed accurate reduction in anatomical position, no significant displacement and no deviation on mouth opening during the follow-up period. IMF period is statistically shorter in open reduction (p<0.05). Differences in incidence of other complications were not significant statistically. CONCLUSION: As there are significant independent morbidities associated with IMF which requires postoperative rehabilitation, prolonged temporomandibular immobilization should not be overlooked. Some patients with poor compliances will not tolerate IMF in nonsurgical treatment. In the aspect of patient's convenience and early recovery by short IMF period, open reduction would be recommended as a better treatment method.
Displacement (Psychology) ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Mouth ; Nitro Compounds ; Paralysis ; Retrospective Studies