Objective To assess willingness to pay(wtp)for typhoid vi vaccine in typhoid epidemic area in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and to provide evidence for introduction of the vaccine.Methods Applying the method of wtp was investigated in typhoid epidemic area,the curve of "price-accept ratio model"was drawn up with Probit regression.Results The formula of "price-accept ratio model" was described as following:Probit(p)=0.88952-0.46296X.The WTP for typhoid vi vaccine was $10.41,with a 95% confidence interval of $6.67～16.24.Conclusions WTP for typhoid vi vaccine was around $10 in Guangxi typhoid epidemic area.The Contingent Valuation Method was applicable in the investigation of WTP.

Objective To study metabolism of polyunsantured fatty acid (PUFA) and to investigate the relationship between different PUFA compositions and △6 desaturase (D6D) activity in colorectal carcinoma (CRC).Methods Fresh frozen malignant CRC tissues were obtained from 61 patients and blood samples were detected in 38 patients.The PUFA composition in these samples was determined by gas-liquid chromatography on a capillary column.The fatty acid product-to-precursor ratios in blood and tissue as estimates of desaturase activity (D6D activity index),and its relationship with the ratios between different PUFA compositions were investigated.Results Metabolism of ω-6 PUFA dominated in PUFA metabolism path.The ratio of ω-6/ω-3 PUFA was 4.89 in blood samples and 10.15 in tissues.The ratio of LA/ALA was 101.92 in blood samples and 86.16 in tissues.The ratio of ω-6/ω-3 LC-PUFA was 2.86 in blood samples and 4.51 in tissues.The D6D activity index in ω-6 PUFA metabolic processes both in tissues (t =1 1.609,P =0.00) and blood samples (t =-9.151,P =0.00) were higher than that in ω-3 PUFA.Conclusion In colorectal carcinoma,the ω-6 PUFA metabolic not only plays an important role in the metabolism of PUFA,but also is more active than the ω-3 PUFA metabolic,and in some way links to the development of tumorigenesis in CRC.

The training system of rehabilitation talents and its problems were reviewed. The paper discussed a training system as to how to enhance students' clinical operating skills and innovation abilities to ensure the teaching quality and level in order to promote students'employment competitive, mainly from the aspects of teaching system, group of teachers and training base of training rehabilitation talents' clinical operating ability.

No abstract available.
DNA*

No abstract available.
Glomerulonephritis*

A prospective study of vitamin B6, B12, folate, and homocysteine levels was carried out in 7 kidney transplant(KT) recipients. The first sample for the basal level was drawn on the morning of the KT day before the start of cyclosporine injection. Thereafter, serial blood samples were taken every day until the serum creatinine level decreased below 1.5 mg/dl and then every 2 or 3days until discharge. The serum creatinine level decreased to below 1.5 mg/dl within 3days except for cases 4 and 6. The homocysteine levels decreased markedly in synchronisation with serum creatinine levels increased during the first 7days and then declined together with serum creatinine levels but went up again after a few days. The levels of B6, and vitamin B12 do not continue to decrease after the levels of serum creatinine have decreased to 1.5mg/dl, while homocysteine levels go up progressively. In conclusion, contrary to our expectation, the level of homocysteine rebounds a few days after KT following a transient decline. A deficiency of folic acid, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 does not seem to cause hyperhomocysteinemia in KT recipients. It is necessary to pay attention to hyperhomocysteinemia in KT recipients, especially when the recipients have an atherosclerosis-related complication.
Creatinine ; Cyclosporine ; Folic Acid ; Homocysteine* ; Hyperhomocysteinemia ; Kidney ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Plasma* ; Prospective Studies ; Vitamin B 12 ; Vitamin B 6

AIM: To study the effects of paecilomyces cicadidae total polysaccharides on the immune function and free radical scavenging of tissues in immunosuppressed rats.METHODS: The activities of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and arginase(Arg) in liver,kidney,spleen,thymus of immunosuppressed rats were detected by automatic biochemistry analyzer.The content of lipid peroxide(LPO) and the reduced glutathione(GSH) level in liver,kidney,spleen,thymus of immunosuppressed rats were observed.RESULTS: The activity of the LDH,Arg and GSH level were significantly increased,and the LPO content were significantly declined in liver,kidney,spleen,thymus of immunosuppressed rats induced by cyclophosphamide.CONCLUSION: Paecilomyces cicadidae total polysaccharides promote immune function and the ability of free radical scavenging of tissues in immunosuppressed rats.

Melanin is formed by oxidative polymerization of phenolic compounds,basically different kinds of melanin come from different organisms.DOPA melanin and DHN melanin have same physical and chemical characters although they have different biosynthetic pathway.DHN melanin is common in plant fungi and plays an important role on infection.The melanin accumulates in the fungal cell walls and prevents organic and inorganic molecules penetrating out,that insures appressorium's pressure and infection ability.This paper has reviewed the kinds and characters,especially discussed the role of melanin during pathogen infection based on our some research.

AIM: To study the activation and the immune regulation of paecilomyces cicadidae total polysaccharides on macrophages in old rats. METHODS: The ability of devouring neutral red and stimulating index in the alveolar macrophages (AM) and peritoneal macrophages (PM) were observed. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acid phosphatase (ACP) and arginase (Arg) were detected by automatic biochemistry analyzer. The shape and structure of spleen macrophages were observed by electron microscope. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the activity of the LDH/ACP/Arg in the AM or PM and in the culture fluid of the AM or PM were significantly increased (P