We report a case of primary osteosarcoma of the breast which is rare and exhibits poor prognosis. A 52 years-old-woman was admitted with rapidly growing right mammary mass. A huge lobulated dense mass with speckled calcifications, suggesting malignancy, was observed on mammography. She underwent a radical mastectomy. Grossly, the mass measured 16 14 6 cm and showed grayish white hard lobulated tissue with focal hemorrhage and necrosis. Light microscopically, the tumor was confirmed as an osteosarcoma devoid of any epithelial components. In postoperative whole body bone scan, there was no evidence of the other malignancy. To the best of our knowledge, the present case is the first report of primary osteosarcoma of the breast in Korea.
Breast* ; Hemorrhage ; Korea ; Mammography ; Mastectomy, Radical ; Necrosis ; Osteosarcoma* ; Prognosis

The pancreatic pseudocyst as a sequela of pancreatitis or pancreatic trauma can occur at any site in the abdomen. Its detection seems to be increasing with modern imaging tools such as abdominal ultrasound or abdominal CT scanning. But recently, we experienced a case of a pseudocyst due to a ruptured pancreatic pseudocyst which was misdiagnosed as a simple hepatic cyst by abdominal ultrasonography or abdominal CT scan. A 12-year-old male presented with recurrent epigastric pain during the past 4 years. On the abdominal ultrasound and abdominal CT scan, there was an 8x7.5 cm sized sharply defined thin-walled cyst in the left lobe of the liver. First, percutaneous (cather) drainage guided by ultrasonography was done. An exploratory laparotomy was performed because of signs of hemoperitoneum. A 8x7.5 cm sized cyst was found at the left subhepatic space, which communicated with another smaller cystic lesion in the pancreatic head. Microscopic finding of the cyst showed infiltration of inflammatory cells and granulation tissue without ephithelial lined cells which is compatible to a pseudocyst. So we report this case with a review of literatures.
Abdomen ; Child ; Diagnostic Errors* ; Drainage ; Granulation Tissue ; Head ; Hemoperitoneum ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Liver ; Male ; Pancreatic Pseudocyst* ; Pancreatitis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Lung*

Recently MRI has been shown to be a sensitive and specific study for the noninvasive detection of meniscal tears and several MRI findings of bucket-handle meniscal tears have been reported. Therefore, the MRI findings of the menisci proven to be the bucket-handle tear with arthroscopy were evaluated and the typical MRI findings seen to be the bucket-handle meniscal tear of the knee were analysed. 76 patients with proven bucket-handle meniscal tears arthroscopically were reviewed retrospectively, in which MRI was performed in 24 patients. The 3 typical findings of bucket-handle meniscal tears were assessed: double PCL (posterior cruciate ligament) sign, flipped meniscus sign, and fragment in the intercondylar notch. In 245 cases of meniscus tears, bucket-handle meniscal tears were 76 cases (31.0%) with 52 cases at medial meniscus and 24 cases at lateral meniscus. As to clinical and physical findings of the bucket-handle meniscal tears, McMurray test, locking, joint line tenderness and giving way sense were presented in orders. The sites of bucket-handle meniscal tear were medial meniscus in 17 cases and lateral in 7 cases. The double PCL sign was seen in 10 cases (58.8%) of in medial bucket-handle meniscal tears and in 3 cases (42.9%) of 7 lateral bucket-handle meniscal tears. The flipped meniscus sign were seen in 3 cases (17.6%) of medial bucket-handle meniscal tears and in 3 cases (42.9 %) of lateral bucket-handle meniscal tears. Fragments were identified in the intercondylar notch in 8 cases (47.1%) of medial bucket-handle meniscal tears and in 3 cases (42.9%) of lateral bucket-handle meniscal tears. There were 19 cases (79.2%) in which at least one or more typical findings were presented on MR images. The MRI is a sensitive study for detection of bucket-handle meniscal tears but precise interpretation of MRI is needed for diagnosis of bucket-handle tears. In this respect, the above three typical findings are helpful and reproducible for diagnosis of bucket-handle meniscal tears with MR images; double PCL sign, fragment in the intercondylar notch and flipped meniscus sign.
Arthroscopy ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee Joint* ; Knee* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Menisci, Tibial ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Amyloidosis*

No abstract available.

Endovascular aortic repair is a new alternative to conventional surgical repair of aortic pathology. It is a less invasive technique and gives less hemodynamic stress to the patients who may have concomitant systemic diseases, compared with open aortic reconstruction. We report 2 cases of patients with thoracic aortic diseases, who underwent endovascular stent graft placement under general anesthesia. We also include a review of the literature about anesthetic management of endovascular aortic repair and present our opinions about the need to choose a suitable anesthetic technique for each patient, the method to recognize and handle the possible complications and hemodynamic changes to which we have to pay attention during procedures.
Anesthesia, General ; Aortic Diseases* ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Pathology ; Stents*

Perioperative stroke can lead to mortality or serious disability and usually occurs in patients undergoing cardiac, vascular, or neurologic surgery; it is rare in gynecological surgery. We report the case of a patient who suffered life-threatening cerebral infarction after elective laparoscopic hysterectomy. During the surgery, the patient was placed in the Trendelenburg position. On postoperative day one, the patient was diagnosed with right hemisphere cerebral infarction; brain computed tomographic angiography showed proximal right internal carotid artery occlusion. Decompressive craniectomy was performed to resolve brain swelling, but the patient died 10 days later.
Angiography ; Brain ; Brain Edema ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Decompressive Craniectomy ; Female ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ; Head-Down Tilt* ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Mortality ; Stroke

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of IFN-r(interferon-r) on HLA-DR and ICAM-l(intercellular adhesion molecule 1) expression, a measure of cancer progression. We uses human bladder tumor cell lines of RT4(GI) and T24(GIII), a part of each type of cultured cells were treated by 200U/m IFN-r and divided into 3 groups( 24-hour, 48-hour, 72-hour) according to the time after the IFN-r treatment. Each cell was then indirectly immunofluorescence stained and analyzed using the Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter(FACS). We founded that bladder cancer cells, when they are not treated by IFN-r, do not seem to show much HLA-DR constitutive expression. When bladder cancer cells are treated by IFN-r, the effects of IFN-r on HLA-DR expression rate seem to depend on the degree of differentiation of bladder cancer cells : well-differentiated bladder cancer cell shows higher HLA-DR expression rate when it is treated by IFN-r, while poorly-differentiated bladder cancer cell does not show much changes in HLA-DR expression rate even after it is treated by IFN-r. Bladder cancer cells of higher degree of malignancy show higher ICAM-1 constitutive expression rate and enhanced expression by IFN-r.
Cell Line* ; Cells, Cultured ; Fluorescence ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; HLA-DR Antigens ; Humans* ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to evaluate accuracy of newly developed HCV Ab test kits by Korea Green Cross Co.(Yongin, Kyunggi), namely GenediaTM HCV ELISA 3.0 (ELISA) for routine test, GenediaTM HCV Rapid (RAPID) for quick screening. and GenediaTM HCV Confirm 4.0 (CONFIRM) for confirmation. METHODS: Performance of ELISA was compared with that of Ortho HCV 3.0 ELISA (Neckargemund, Germany; ORTHO ELISA) using 990 patients' sera. Accuracy of RAPID was evaluated by testing on 114 HCV Ab negative and 86 positive specimens by ELISA. Discrepant results obtained by RAPID were confirmed by Chiron RIBA HCV 3.0 Strip Immunoblot Assay (Ca, USA; RIBA) and HCV Blot 3.0 (Genelabs Diagnostics, Singapore; BLOT). Accuracy of CONFIRM test was compared between RIBA and BLOT using 78 ELISA positive sera. To elucidate prevalence of viremia, RT-PCR was performed on 165 serum samples and results were compared with that of ELISA and RAPID. RESULTS: Agreement of test results between ELISA and ORTHO ELISA was 99.6% (986/990). On HCV Ab negative specimens 99.1% (113/114) agreed among RAPID, ELISA and ORTHO ELISA. However, on seropositive specimens 91.7% (79/86) agreed between RAPID and ELISA. Agreement between CONFIRM and RIBA was 83.3% (65/78). Core antigen showed the highest reactivity and NS5 antigen showed the lowest reactivity with CONFIRM. HCV RNA was detected in 58.3% (28/48) of ELISA positive specimens, however, it was not detected in ELISA negative specimens. There was no correlation between prevalence of HCV RNA and 5 antigens used in ELISA test. CONCLUSIONS: Newly developed Korea Green Cross GenediaTM HCV ELISA 3.0, Rapid and HCV Confirm were considered to be clinically accurate routine, quick screening and confirmatory test for detecting HCV Ab in serum samples.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay* ; Germany ; Hepatitis C Antibodies* ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Prevalence ; RNA ; Singapore ; Viremia