No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Tubal*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Pancreaticoduodenectomy( PD ) is a complicated procedure that carried a very high postoperative mortality and mobidity until 1970s. Since early 1980, motality has been decreased but morbidity is still high now. So this study was conducted to analyze the motality and morbidity as well as survival rates after PD for valiable disease. METHODS: From January 1988 to January 2000, 164 patients underwent PD in the Korea Cancer Center Hospital. Standard pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed in terms of lymph node dissection and main method of pancreaticoenterostomy was end-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy, among which ductto- mucosa anastomosis comprised of about half of cases. Survival rates and the differences were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and Log-Lank test respectively, and multivariate analysis was done with Cox Regression hazard model using SPSS program for Windows. RESULTS: Median age of all patients was 57 years with slight male predominance(54.8%). Classical Whipple's operation was performed in 113 cases(68.9%), and PPPD in 40 cases(24.3%), hepatopancreaticoduodenectomy in 10 cases(6.1%). Operative mortality was 1.8%( 3/164 ), however no additional in-hospital death occurred. Nine patients underwent reoperation. Postoperative complication occurred in 56 cases(34.2%). The most common complication was pneumonia(11.5%), and delayed gastric emptying( 7.3%), pancreatic fistula(4.8%), intra-abdominal bleeding(4.8%) in orders. No pancreatic leakage occured in duct-to-mucosa anastomosis group. Median survival of 123 periampullary carcinoma was 25 months and better survival was shown in ampulla of Vater cancer. Factors influencing on survival for periampullary carcinoma were origin of tumor, cellular differentiation, lymph node invasion. CONCLUSION: Pancreaticoduodenectomy can be performed safely in the terms of mortality. Bleeding is the most common cause of reoperation and motality, so meticulous bleeding control is very important. And duct-to-mucosa anastomosis is very safe method of pancreaticoenterostomy.
Ampulla of Vater ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Korea ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Mortality ; Mucous Membrane ; Multivariate Analysis ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy* ; Pancreaticojejunostomy ; Postoperative Complications ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Reoperation ; Survival Rate

There is controversy regarding the survival benefits of eliminating primary tumors via cytoreductive radical prostatectomy (CRP) in patients with metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa). The purpose of this article is to review the theoretical background of and rationale for CRP, and the current knowledge base. The Scopus and PubMed databases were searched for studies investigating CRP published between January 2000 and October 2019. The retrieved articles were nonsystematically reviewed. Based on preclinical data, retrospective patient case studies, retrospective population-based studies, and prospective studies, CRP has been reported to afford benefits for the treatment and prevention of local symptoms through the removal of primary tumors, and the management of neo-metastatic disease and overall survival. However, despite the results from these studies, the current review mostly addresses small case studies and uncontrolled population-based studies with weak evidence. Based on this weak evidence, therefore, clinical use has not yet been recommended. Further research investigating the role and timing of CRP in patients with mPCa is needed, in addition to studies screening the most suitable populations for CRP.

There is controversy regarding the survival benefits of eliminating primary tumors via cytoreductive radical prostatectomy (CRP) in patients with metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa). The purpose of this article is to review the theoretical background of and rationale for CRP, and the current knowledge base. The Scopus and PubMed databases were searched for studies investigating CRP published between January 2000 and October 2019. The retrieved articles were nonsystematically reviewed. Based on preclinical data, retrospective patient case studies, retrospective population-based studies, and prospective studies, CRP has been reported to afford benefits for the treatment and prevention of local symptoms through the removal of primary tumors, and the management of neo-metastatic disease and overall survival. However, despite the results from these studies, the current review mostly addresses small case studies and uncontrolled population-based studies with weak evidence. Based on this weak evidence, therefore, clinical use has not yet been recommended. Further research investigating the role and timing of CRP in patients with mPCa is needed, in addition to studies screening the most suitable populations for CRP.

BACKGROUND: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) , a potent stimulant of epithelialization, has been noted to increase the tickness of the epidermis, increase the epithelial cell proliferartion and keratinization, and accelerate wound contraction. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of topical application of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) in the healing of full-thickness excision and burn wound. METHODS: Full-thickness excision and burn wound were made on the back of the male Wistar rat. Recombinant human epidermal growth factor was applied twice a day and the size of the wound was measured with planimetry every other day for 21 days. The keratinocytes of the circumcised foreskin were cultured in different concentrations of recombinant human epidermal growth factor and proliferation of the keratinocytes was evaluated. RESULTS: 1. Regardless of wound types or base types, wound healing in the experimental groups (rhEGF 10, 30, 50g/g) was generally better than that in the control or vehicle group. 2. The duration of wound healing was decreased as follows in order; in full-thickness excision wound, rhEGF 50 g/g group, rhEGF 30 g/g group, rhEGF 10 g/g group, vehicle group, and control group and in full-thickness burn wound, rhEGF 30 g/g group, rhEGF 50g/g group, rhEGF 10g/g group, vehicle group, and control group. 3. In the biopsy specimen taken from the wound at 9th and 13th day, neodermis, neovascularization, the thickness and maturation of the collagen bundles, and reepithelithelialization were more increased in the experimental groups than in the control or vehicle group. 4. In vitro culture of epidermal cells showed similar proliferation in the concentration of rhEGF higher than 10 ng/ml. CONCLUSION: these findings suggest that topical application of recombinant human epidermal growth factor in the healing of full-thickness excision and urn wound.
Animals ; Biopsy ; Burns ; Collagen ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Epidermis ; Epithelial Cells ; Foreskin ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Male ; Rats ; Ticks ; Wound Healing* ; Wounds and Injuries*

Two patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis were treated with itraconazole. One patient was a 24-year-old man who had several erythematous papulonodules on the extremities for 1 month, which revealed cutaneous leishmaniasis, histopathologically. He was treated with itraconazole (200 mg/day) for 2 months. After treatment he showed clinical healing and the biopsy specimens no longer showed leishmania organisms. The other patient was a 27-year-old female who had several erythematous papulonodules on the face and neck for 3 months. The skin lesions revealed leishmania organisms in the tissue sections and culture media. She was also treated with itraconazole (200 mg/day) for 2 months. After treatment she also showed satisfying clinical healing and the biopsy specimens revealed no leishmania organisms. No specific side effects were encountered in both patients during the treatment. From these results, itraconazole is considered to be one of the promising anti-leishmanial drugs.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Culture Media ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Itraconazole* ; Leishmania ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous* ; Neck ; Skin ; Young Adult

This review examines the evolution, clinical efficacy, and future directions of trimodal therapy (TMT) as a bladder-preserving treatment option for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. A nonsystematic literature search was conducted on PubMed in October 2024 using the following keywords: “muscle invasive bladder cancer,” “bladder preservation,” “trimodal therapy,” “chemoradiotherapy,” and “radiation therapy.” Papers published between 2000 and 2024 were included, and original articles, reviews, and editorials written in English were selected. Relevant studies were organized and cited in the analysis. TMT, which consists of transurethral resection of the bladder tumor, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, demonstrated comparable oncologic outcomes to radical cystectomy (RC) in terms of 5-year overall survival (36%–74%) and cancer-specific survival (50%–82%). Long-term data from multiple studies indicate that TMT can preserve bladder function while maintaining acceptable survival rates. The recent integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors with TMT shows promise, further improving tumor control and expanding the eligible patient population. However, standardized protocols and long-term follow-up data are still lacking. TMT serves as an effective alternative to RC in selected patients, offering similar oncologic outcomes while preserving quality of life. Further research is needed to establish standardized protocols and to refine patient selection criteria to optimize treatment outcomes.

This review examines the evolution, clinical efficacy, and future directions of trimodal therapy (TMT) as a bladder-preserving treatment option for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. A nonsystematic literature search was conducted on PubMed in October 2024 using the following keywords: “muscle invasive bladder cancer,” “bladder preservation,” “trimodal therapy,” “chemoradiotherapy,” and “radiation therapy.” Papers published between 2000 and 2024 were included, and original articles, reviews, and editorials written in English were selected. Relevant studies were organized and cited in the analysis. TMT, which consists of transurethral resection of the bladder tumor, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, demonstrated comparable oncologic outcomes to radical cystectomy (RC) in terms of 5-year overall survival (36%–74%) and cancer-specific survival (50%–82%). Long-term data from multiple studies indicate that TMT can preserve bladder function while maintaining acceptable survival rates. The recent integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors with TMT shows promise, further improving tumor control and expanding the eligible patient population. However, standardized protocols and long-term follow-up data are still lacking. TMT serves as an effective alternative to RC in selected patients, offering similar oncologic outcomes while preserving quality of life. Further research is needed to establish standardized protocols and to refine patient selection criteria to optimize treatment outcomes.

This review examines the evolution, clinical efficacy, and future directions of trimodal therapy (TMT) as a bladder-preserving treatment option for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. A nonsystematic literature search was conducted on PubMed in October 2024 using the following keywords: “muscle invasive bladder cancer,” “bladder preservation,” “trimodal therapy,” “chemoradiotherapy,” and “radiation therapy.” Papers published between 2000 and 2024 were included, and original articles, reviews, and editorials written in English were selected. Relevant studies were organized and cited in the analysis. TMT, which consists of transurethral resection of the bladder tumor, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, demonstrated comparable oncologic outcomes to radical cystectomy (RC) in terms of 5-year overall survival (36%–74%) and cancer-specific survival (50%–82%). Long-term data from multiple studies indicate that TMT can preserve bladder function while maintaining acceptable survival rates. The recent integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors with TMT shows promise, further improving tumor control and expanding the eligible patient population. However, standardized protocols and long-term follow-up data are still lacking. TMT serves as an effective alternative to RC in selected patients, offering similar oncologic outcomes while preserving quality of life. Further research is needed to establish standardized protocols and to refine patient selection criteria to optimize treatment outcomes.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and safety of laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) with lymph node dissection for gastric cancer according to the analysis of postoperative complications. METHODS: The authors attempted LAG with lymph node dissection in 117 consecutive patients with gastric cancer. The clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients, operative outcomes, preoperative comorbidities and postoperative morbidities and mortalities were evaluated using the stomach cancer database of Dong-A university hospital and medical charts. RESULTS: Among the 114 successful patients, 100 had early gastric cancer and 14 had advanced gastric cancer. The mean operation time was 259.2 minutes (range 150~415). The mean number of retrieved lymph nodes was 23.4 (range 6~66). The mean time to the first flatus and postoperative hospital stay were 3.7 and 10.0 days, respectively. The overall operative mortality rate, hospital death rate and the overall rate of postoperative complications were 0, 1.7 and 14.7%, respectively. The major and minor complication rate were 4.3 and 10.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: LAG with lymph node dissection is technically feasible and receptive as surgical treatment for patients with gastric cancer, although various postoperative complications can arise in LAG as they do in open gastrectomy.
Comorbidity ; Flatulence ; Gastrectomy* ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Lymph Node Excision* ; Lymph Nodes* ; Mortality ; Postoperative Complications ; Stomach Neoplasms*