We experienced three cases of non-giant congenital nevus. They showed zosteriform or heart-shaped grouping of pigmented papules which were pierced by hairs. Histopathologic examination disclosed nevus cell infiltration in and around hair follicles and in the upper two thirds of reticular dermis. We would like to report these cases as follicle-centered spotted grouped pigmented nevi.
Dermis ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Nevus ; Nevus, Pigmented*

We present herein a case of sebaceous hyperplasia in a 55-year-old male, who showed multiple asymptomatic yellowish papules on the forehead and the cheeks. Histopathologic examination of a papule revealed numerous sebaceous lobules grouped around several enlarged sebaceous ducts. Three weeks of oral administration. of isotretinoin 40 mg per day brought marked improvement.
Administration, Oral ; Cheek ; Forehead ; Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Isotretinoin* ; Male ; Middle Aged

BACKGROUND: Propofol has a high incidence of pain with intravenous injection, and different methods have been used to minimize the incidence and severity of this pain. In this study, we have compared the effect of lidocaine pretreatment with that of ketamine pretreatment on propofol injection pain. METHODS: Ninety healthy female patients scheduled for general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups; saline group (n=30), lidocaine group (n=30) and ketamine group (n=30). Each patient received 2 ml of pretreatment solution (normal saline, 1% lidocaine, 0.5% ketamine) via 18G angiocatheter inserted in the antecubital fossa after applying an arm tourniquet inflated to 50 mmHg. The tourniquet was released 1 minute later, followed by intravenous injection of 2.5 mg/kg of propofol. The assessment of pain was made at the induction of anesthesia and in the recovery room, and the severity of pain was classified as none, mild, moderate, severe by one observer. RESULTS: The severity and incidence of pain diminished significantly in the lidocaine group and the ketamine group compared with the saline group at the induction of anesthesia (p<0.05) and there was no significant difference between the lidocaine group and the ketamine group. We had similar results in the recovery room and one patient from the saline group and the ketamine group had no recall regarding injection pain. CONCLUSION: Intravenous ketamine pretreatment is as effective as intravenous lidocaine pretreatment in alleviating the propofol injection pain.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Arm ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injections, Intravenous ; Ketamine* ; Lidocaine* ; Propofol* ; Recovery Room ; Tourniquets

No abstract available.
Forearm* ; Free Tissue Flaps* ; Male ; Penis*

OBJECTIVES: To elucidate an association of the fragile X syndrome with autism, Southern blot analysis was performed in 66 autistic children aged from 2 years to 11 years. METHODS: Subjects were 66 autistic children with of autistic disorder diagnosed by DSM-IV criteria and Childhood Autism Rating Scale-Korean version. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and DNA was used to detect a FMR (Fragile Mental Retardation)-1 gene. Xho/PstI probes and two restriction enzymes (EcoRI, EagI)were used for Southern blot analysis. RESULTS: There were one boy with a methylated mosaic pattern and 3 boys and 2 girls with an unmethylated premutation band. But there was no full mutation pattern. CONCLUSION: Although the possibility of the relationship between autistic disorder and FMR-1 gene has been suggested, the results from this study do not provide any definite association of FMR-1 gene with autism in autistic children.
Autistic Disorder ; Blotting, Southern ; Child* ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; DNA ; Female ; Fragile X Syndrome ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Biology*

PURPOSE: This study was designed to verify intermediate-term functional and radiological results of limb salvage operation using endoprosthetic replacement system (MUTARS(R)) used in patients with a malignant bone tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty one cases which used MUTARS(R) tumor prosthesis were reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 49.2 years and the mean follow up was 39.8 months. We retrospectively reviewed complications, and evaluated functionally and radiologically by Enneking functional score, ISOLS radiological implants evaluation system at last follow-up. RESULTS: 3 patients had died of disease, distant metastasis was seen in 4 patients and local recurrence was seen in 1 patients. Complications were developed in 12 patients. (infection 6, leg length discrepancy 2, aseptic loosening 2, periprosthetic femoral fracture 1, screw loosening 1) Mean value of total functional scores were 81.2% in proximal femur, 77.4% in distal femur, 78.1% in proximal tibia, and 80.2% in proximal humerus. The overall radiological result was relatively satisfactory. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest limb salvage with the MUTARS(R) endoprosthesis is successful with good functional and radiological results. But we should be careful with complications such as infection.
Extremities ; Femoral Fractures ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Humerus ; Leg ; Limb Salvage ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prostheses and Implants ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibia

No abstract available.
Epilepsy, Benign Neonatal*

Urinary tract dilation is one of the most common side effects during pregnancy. This is primarily a physiologic phenomenon that is typically more prominent on the right side, and it is caused by hormonal changes and mechanical obstruction. Occasionally, urinary tract dilation leads to more serious urinary tract problems such as infection, obstructive renal failure and urinomas. Urinomas are also known as pararenal pseudocysts, and they generally occur as a result of urinary system disruption, but they only rarely occur with pregnancy. We report here on an unusual case of extremely large bilateral perirenal urinomas that were detected during the postpartum period. This was successfully resolved by percutaneous drainage and ureteral stents.
Drainage ; Female ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Postpartum Period* ; Pregnancy ; Renal Insufficiency ; Stents ; Ureter ; Urinary Tract ; Urinoma*

Since the elderly population has been increasing recently in our country, old male patients with testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) with a significantly decreasing quality of life are becoming increasingly common. TDS in males is defined as a biochemical syndrome associated with advancing age and characterized by clinical manifestation and a deficiency in the serum testosterone level. These patients should be treated with extrinsic testosterone to improve quality of life. TDS in males should be diagnosed in the case of clinical manifestation with serum total testosterone <8 nmol/L (230 ng/dL) or calculated free testosterone <225 pmol/L (65 pg/mL) but not diagnosed in the case of serum total testosterone >12 nmol/L (350 ng/dL). Products for testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) are administrated orally, transdermally, and through injectable preparations. Daily testosterone undecanoate is widely used for oral administration with good results and no hepatotoxicity. Short-acting intramuscular preparations are very effective but show wide swings in the resulting supra-physiological level of serum testosterone. Long-acting intramuscular preparations is also very effective and lasting for 3 months with normal physiologic levels. Many products for TRT on the market are effective and generally safe. However, those have a few significant adverse events each other. The ideal product should have notable effectsand few side effects, (such as selective androgen receptor modulators), be easy to administrate, maintain physiologic serum concentration, and be inexpensive. TDS in males can easily be correct by TRT. However, the advantages and disadvantages of the individual products and follow-up management of complicated adverse events should be understood before starting and maintaining TRT.
Administration, Oral ; Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Quality of Life ; Receptors, Androgen ; Sorbitol ; Testosterone ; Tyramine

In this paper, the title was described incorrectly.