An immunohistochemistry for S-100 protein by biotin avidin system technique was done to evaluate the existence and distribution pattern of S-100 protein positive cells in various obtained were as follows. 1) Positive immunostaining for S-100 protein was observed in myoepithelial cell, serous acinar cell and nervous bundle in normal salivary gland. 2) Strong immunoreactivity for S-100 protein was shown in plemorphic adenoma, which was localized not only in myoepithelial cord or sheets of epithelial portion but also in chondrocytes, stellate cells of myxoid stroma and in squamous keratin pearl of mesenchymal metaplastic foci. 3) The S-100 protein was demonstrated in the tumor cells of tubular adenoma, acinic cell tumors and in epidermoid area of mucoepidermoid tumors. 4) Immunoreactivity for S-100 protein, however, was not found in the tumor cells of adenoid cystic carcinoma and adenolymphoma except for stroma reticulum cells. 5) Intensity of positive reaction for S-100 protein varied from cell to cell: Some had intense immunoreactivity, whreas others were only weakly positive or completely negative, even in myoepithelial cell nest of the same pleomorphic adenoma.

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: CHROMagar Candida is a new differential medium that allows selective isolation and identification of clinically significant yeasts. We evaluated the use of this medium to identify Candida species directly from positive blood culture bottles. METHODS: A total of 152 positive blood culture bottles (51 Candida albicans, 29 Candida troficalis, 28 Candida parapsilosis, 26 Candida glabrata, 10 Candida krusei, 4 Candida pelliculosa. 1 Candida guilliermonidii, 3 C. albicans plus C. glabrata) were directly subcultures to CHROMagar (Hardy diagnostics. USA) and incubated for 48 h. Colony appearance on CHROMagar was assessed independently by three observers. RESULTS: CHROMagar correctly identified 95.4%, 92 1% and 91.4% of Candida app. from blood cultures by the three observers. respectively. There was 91.4% agree cent between the observers. Expected colony appearance on CHROMagar was 100% for C. albicans. 97.7% for C. tropicalis, 96.7% for C. krusei, 94 9% for C. glabrata but 88.1% for C. parapsilosis. Three mixed candidemias, not detected by conventional methods, were detected by CHROMagar. CONCLUSIONS: CHROMagar permits earlier recognition of major Cardida app. in positive blood cultures and more reliable detection of mixed candidemias.
Candida albicans ; Candida glabrata ; Candida* ; Candidemia ; Yeasts

No abstract available.
Pain, Postoperative*

BACKGROUND: When central venous catheter (CVC) related sepsis is suspected based on clinical symptoms, removal of catheter is both diagnostic and therapeutic, but this approach leads to wastage of many sterile lines. Therefore, a reliable method to diagnose or exclude CVC sepsis without catheter removal is desirable. We performed differential quantitative blood cultures for the diagnosis of CVC related sepsis, in catheterized patients who had previous positive blood cultures. METHODS: Differential quantitative blood cultures were performed by collecting the blood specimens simultaneously via catheter and peripheral vein in 1.5 mL Isolator tubes (Wampole, USA). Sixty-three samples from 61 catheterized patients were taken and the colony counts from catheter blood samples were compared with those from peripheral samples. RESULTS: In 17 samples (27%), the colony counts from catheter blood samples were 5-fold higher than those from peripheral samples (the C/P ratio, > OR =5), suggesting CVC related sepsis; in 7 samples the C/P ratio was below 5, suggesting that sepsis was not CVC related. Of 35 samples (56%) in which no organisms were cultured, 2 samples were diagnosed as CVC related sepsis by the catheter tip culture. In 19 cases with proven CVC related sepsis, Candida spp. (n=8) and Gram-negative rods (n=7) were the predominant causative organisms and 16 cases (84%) were improved after catheter removal. CONCLUSIONS: This data show that quantitative blood culture method using Isolator may be very useful for diagnosing CVC related sepsis, especially in patients with positive blood cultures.
Candida ; Catheters ; Central Venous Catheters ; Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Sepsis* ; Veins

No abstract available.
Blood Transfusion

PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of estimating effective lens position (ELP) and calculating intraocular lens power using corneal height (CH), as measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), in patients who have undergone corneal refractive surgery. METHODS: This study included 23 patients (30 eyes) who have undergone myopic corneal refractive surgery and subsequent successful cataract surgery. The CH was measured with AS-OCT, and the measured ELP (ELP(m)) was calculated. Intraocular lens power, which could achieve actual emmetropia (P(real)), was determined with medical records. Estimated ELP (ELP(est)) was back-calculated using P(real), axial length, and keratometric value through the SRK/T formula. After searching the best-fit regression formula between ELP(m) and ELP(est), converted ELP and intraocular lens power (ELP(conv), P(conv)) were obtained and then compared to ELP(est) and P(real), respectively. The proportion of eyes within a defined error was investigated. RESULTS: Mean CH, ELP(est), and ELP(m) were 3.71 +/- 0.23, 7.74 +/- 1.09, 5.78 +/- 0.26 mm, respectively. The ELP(m) and ELP(est) were linearly correlated (ELP(est) = 1.841 x ELP(m) - 2.018, p = 0.023, R = 0.410) and ELP(conv) and P(conv) agreed well with ELP(est) and P(real), respectively. Eyes within +/-0.5, +/-1.0, +/-1.5, and +/-2.0 diopters of the calculated P(conv), were 23.3%, 66.6%, 83.3%, and 100.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Intraocular lens power calculation using CH measured with AS-OCT shows comparable accuracy to several conventional methods in eyes following corneal refractive surgery.
Axial Length, Eye/pathology ; Cornea/pathology/*surgery ; Humans ; *Lenses, Intraocular ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Refractive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of estimating effective lens position (ELP) and calculating intraocular lens power using corneal height (CH), as measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), in patients who have undergone corneal refractive surgery. METHODS: This study included 23 patients (30 eyes) who have undergone myopic corneal refractive surgery and subsequent successful cataract surgery. The CH was measured with AS-OCT, and the measured ELP (ELP(m)) was calculated. Intraocular lens power, which could achieve actual emmetropia (P(real)), was determined with medical records. Estimated ELP (ELP(est)) was back-calculated using P(real), axial length, and keratometric value through the SRK/T formula. After searching the best-fit regression formula between ELP(m) and ELP(est), converted ELP and intraocular lens power (ELP(conv), P(conv)) were obtained and then compared to ELP(est) and P(real), respectively. The proportion of eyes within a defined error was investigated. RESULTS: Mean CH, ELP(est), and ELP(m) were 3.71 +/- 0.23, 7.74 +/- 1.09, 5.78 +/- 0.26 mm, respectively. The ELP(m) and ELP(est) were linearly correlated (ELP(est) = 1.841 x ELP(m) - 2.018, p = 0.023, R = 0.410) and ELP(conv) and P(conv) agreed well with ELP(est) and P(real), respectively. Eyes within +/-0.5, +/-1.0, +/-1.5, and +/-2.0 diopters of the calculated P(conv), were 23.3%, 66.6%, 83.3%, and 100.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Intraocular lens power calculation using CH measured with AS-OCT shows comparable accuracy to several conventional methods in eyes following corneal refractive surgery.
Axial Length, Eye/pathology ; Cornea/pathology/*surgery ; Humans ; *Lenses, Intraocular ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Refractive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

BACKGROUND: Fluconazole and itraconazole, the azole-derivative antifungal agents, have been commonly used for the treatment of candidiasis. We studied the comparative activities of fluconazole and itraconazole against isolates of Candida species recovered from blood cultures in Chonnam National University Hospital between 1994 and 1998. METHODS: One hundred twenty-four bloodstream isolates of Candida species (32 C. albicans, 36 C. parapsilosis, 19 C. tropicalis, 12 C. glabrata, 10 C. pelliculosa, 7 C. guilliermondii, 5 C. lipolytica, and 3 others) from 124 patients were tested. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of fluconazole (0.12~64microgram/mL) and itraconazole (0.03~16 microgram/mL) for each isolate were determined by the NCCLS broth macrodilution method. RESULTS: Fluconazole MICs were >64 microgram/mL for 4.8% (6/124) of the isolates and 16~32 microgram/mL for the 8.9% (11/124) isolates. Itraconazole MICs were >1 microgram/mL for 16% (16/124) and 0.25~0.5 microgram/mL for 21.0% (26/124) of the isolates. Candida species for which the fluconazole MICs were higher, were in general more resistant to itraconazole (P<0.05). There were species-related differences in MIC50:those for C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis were lower than those for other species. MICs of fluconazole and itraconazole for each species did not change during the 5-year period, but resistance to fluconazole (>64 microgram/mL) or itraconazole (> 1 microgram/mL) was observed in 4.5% (2/44) of isolates obtained from 1994 to 1996, and increased to 17.5% (14/80) of isolates recovered in 1997 to 1998 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This data showed that itraconazole MICs were proportionally higher for Candida isolates with high fluconazole MICs, and Candida species with fluconazole or itraconazole resistance increased in the latter two years, although MICs of fluconazole and itraconazole for each species did not change during the 5-year span.
Antifungal Agents ; Candida* ; Candidemia ; Candidiasis ; Fluconazole ; Humans ; Itraconazole* ; Jeollanam-do