No abstract available.
Embryonic Stem Cells*

No abstract available.
Antibodies*

No abstract available.
Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Receptors, Androgen*

BACKGROUND: Various kinds of methods had been tried to reduce pain on injection of propofol. In this study, the effect of lidocaine pretreatment and that of temperature controlled injections were compared and evaluated its clinical utility. METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients were randomly allocated into 4 groups after permission. Room temperature propofol was used as induction agent in group P,. In group C, cooling (4 degrees C) propofol was used and warming propofol (37 degrees C) in group H. And room temperature propofol following lidocaine (1 mg/kg) was used in group L. Injection dosage of propofol was 2 mg/kg and injection speed was 2 ml/sec in all groups. In each patients, pain score and visual analog scale were measured and tested by ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: There were no statistical significant difference in pain score among the 4 groups. But in visual analog scale analysis, group L markedly reduced values than the other groups by statistically significant manner (in Duncan grouping). CONCLUSION: The alleviating effect of lidocaine pretreatment on painful injection was better than that of changing temperature of propofol itself. More over effectiveness, in view of simplicity, we recommend lidocaine pretreatment.
Humans ; Lidocaine ; Propofol* ; Visual Analog Scale

Rectus sheath hematoma of the abdominal wall is a well-recognized, but uncommon condition, caused by a tear in an epigastric vessel and characterized by sudden onset of severe abdominal pain and palpable mass. In most cases, a precipitating cause can be demonstrated. Causes include external trauma, strenuous activities, coughing, lifting, sneezing, vomiting, straining while urinating or defecating, golfing, pregnancy and the puerperium, anticoagulation therapy, infection, chronic diesase, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, prior paracentesis or laparotomy, inadequate hemostasis or excessive retraction in surgery, and idiopathy. Unfortunately, the correct diagnosis often is missed, and the hematoma is found only during an exploratory laparotomy. Treatment should be conservative in most instances. Although the mortality rate for patients with rectus sheath hematoma is low, the condition may be fatal if the volume of the hemorrhage is large and if treatment is delayed. Hence, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of any patient who presents to the emergency department with acute onset of abdominal pain. Our purpose is to familiarlize emergency physicians with the pathophysiology, the diagnosis, and the treatment of rectus sheath hematoma. We describe a patient with fatal rectus sheath hematoma presenting to the emergency department and give a review of the literature.
Abdominal Pain ; Abdominal Wall ; Arteriosclerosis ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Golf ; Hematoma* ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypovolemia* ; Laparotomy ; Lifting ; Mortality ; Paracentesis ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Shock* ; Sneezing ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Delivery of Health Care* ; Family Practice* ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Insurance* ; Korea*

No abstract available.
Vasculitis*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the characteristics of CT findings in differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated CT findings of histopathologically proved 32 cases of tuberculous lymphadenitis, 12 cases of nodal lymphoma, 29 cases of metastasis from March 1986 to Dec. 1992, retrospectively. We analyzed age and sex distribution, location of lymphadenopathy, internal nodal density, feature of contrast enhancement, extracapsular spread and nodal calcification. RESULTS: Tuberculous lymphadenitis was more preponderant in young female (mean;32) and CT showed internal low density(91%) with irregular thick marginal enhancement(46.9%), predilection for spinal accessory node(71.9%), and nodal calcification(5/32). Nodal lymphoma showed predilection for internal jugular chain (100%) and had conglomerated homogeneous internal node structures(83%). Metastasis showed old male preponderance (mean :52 years), predilected at internal jugular chain(89.7%),internal low density(93.3%) with regular thin marginal enhancement(44.8%), extracapsular spread(41.4%), and nodal calcification(2 cases of nodal metastasis of papillary type thyroid cancer). CONCLUSION: We concluded that CT evaluation of the chracteristics of lymphadenopathy is helpful for differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy.
Diagnosis, Differential* ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Diseases* ; Lymphoma ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Distribution ; Thyroid Gland ; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node

Heat Shock Protein (HSP) is a genetic product reacting on stress. HSP is increased by physiological or environmental stress and expressed at gastrointestinal tumors such as stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer and large intestinal cancer, and at other various tumors such as lymphoma and breast cancer. The role of HSP is to interrupt the process of apoptosis interfering with formation of tumors, and weaken function of tumor control beyond that of immune surveillance. In case of causing the normal p53 to be mutated, it leads to morphological change of p53 protein and combine with HSP. But, it has not been clarified yet. We intend to examine the meaning of HSP 70 in bladder tumor by investigating the relations among HSP expression and tumor stage, tumor grade, P-gp (glycoprotein) expression as a product of multi-drug resistant gene, and p53 expression in 59 cases of bladder tumor. 1) There were HSP expressions of 8 cases (22%) among 36 superficial bladder tumors and of 9 cases (39%) among 23 invasive bladder tumors. 2) HSP positive reactions were observed in 1 case (8%) of 13 Grade I, and 6 cases (29%) of 21 Grade II and 10 cases (40%) of 25 Grade III. 3) Positive reactions of HSP were showed in 10 cases (40%) among 25 P-gp expression, and in 7 cases (21%) among 34 P-gp non-expression. 4) The p53 proteins were expressed in 12 cases (29%) among 42 ones of HSP non-expression and in 8 cases (47%) among 17 ones of HSP expression. 5) Positive reactions of HSP were showed in 9 cases (23%) among 39 ones of p53 non-expression, and in 8 cases (40%) among 20 ones of p53 expression. 6) 5 patients of 6 with negative expression of HSP and strong positive expression of p53 had poorly differentiated transitional cells, in which one of the patients accompanied with lung metastasis. In view of above study, HSP expression has no correlation with P-gp and stage in bladder tumor, but it has probable pertaining to tumor grade and p53. As it were, tumor cellular differentiation and p53 expression have weak correlations with HSP 70 expression. Meanwhile, judging from poor differentiation, in most cases of HSP non-expressed but p53 strongly expressed, HSP is insufficient to be a prognostic factor of bladder tumor independently, however, in case of using it, as supplementary one, concurrently with p53, it would be valuable prognostic factor in bladder tumor.
Apoptosis ; Breast Neoplasms ; Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Hot Temperature* ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Humans ; Intestinal Neoplasms ; Lung ; Lymphoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; P-Glycoprotein ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

Mirror movements(MMs) are involuntary movements executed on one side of the body during voluntary movements of the contralateral homologous body parts. Motor evoked potentials(MEP) to focal transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) have postulated that abnormal ipsilateral corticospinal tract is active in the patient with congenital MMs. MEP and post-MEP SP following to focal TMS were investigated in a patient with the Klippel-Feil syndrome(KFS) showing MMs and in five normal volunteers. In the patient unilateral transcranial stimulation evoked bilateral motor responses of normal latencies and SP was observed bilaterally, which tended to be shortened in duration. In the condition of KFS, the mechanism of MMs has been attributed to the presence of abnormally activated ipsilateral corticospinal tract, but it does not suffice for explaining the shortened SP. We propose that concurrent activation of both motor cortices be responsible for the mechanism of MMs in this case of KFS, in addition to the abnormality of the corticospinal tracts.
Dyskinesias ; Evoked Potentials, Motor* ; Healthy Volunteers ; Human Body ; Humans ; Klippel-Feil Syndrome* ; Pyramidal Tracts