No abstract available.
Embryonic Stem Cells*

No abstract available.
Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Receptors, Androgen*

No abstract available.
Antibodies*

BACKGROUND: Various kinds of methods had been tried to reduce pain on injection of propofol. In this study, the effect of lidocaine pretreatment and that of temperature controlled injections were compared and evaluated its clinical utility. METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients were randomly allocated into 4 groups after permission. Room temperature propofol was used as induction agent in group P,. In group C, cooling (4 degrees C) propofol was used and warming propofol (37 degrees C) in group H. And room temperature propofol following lidocaine (1 mg/kg) was used in group L. Injection dosage of propofol was 2 mg/kg and injection speed was 2 ml/sec in all groups. In each patients, pain score and visual analog scale were measured and tested by ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: There were no statistical significant difference in pain score among the 4 groups. But in visual analog scale analysis, group L markedly reduced values than the other groups by statistically significant manner (in Duncan grouping). CONCLUSION: The alleviating effect of lidocaine pretreatment on painful injection was better than that of changing temperature of propofol itself. More over effectiveness, in view of simplicity, we recommend lidocaine pretreatment.
Humans ; Lidocaine ; Propofol* ; Visual Analog Scale

Rectus sheath hematoma of the abdominal wall is a well-recognized, but uncommon condition, caused by a tear in an epigastric vessel and characterized by sudden onset of severe abdominal pain and palpable mass. In most cases, a precipitating cause can be demonstrated. Causes include external trauma, strenuous activities, coughing, lifting, sneezing, vomiting, straining while urinating or defecating, golfing, pregnancy and the puerperium, anticoagulation therapy, infection, chronic diesase, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, prior paracentesis or laparotomy, inadequate hemostasis or excessive retraction in surgery, and idiopathy. Unfortunately, the correct diagnosis often is missed, and the hematoma is found only during an exploratory laparotomy. Treatment should be conservative in most instances. Although the mortality rate for patients with rectus sheath hematoma is low, the condition may be fatal if the volume of the hemorrhage is large and if treatment is delayed. Hence, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of any patient who presents to the emergency department with acute onset of abdominal pain. Our purpose is to familiarlize emergency physicians with the pathophysiology, the diagnosis, and the treatment of rectus sheath hematoma. We describe a patient with fatal rectus sheath hematoma presenting to the emergency department and give a review of the literature.
Abdominal Pain ; Abdominal Wall ; Arteriosclerosis ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Golf ; Hematoma* ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypovolemia* ; Laparotomy ; Lifting ; Mortality ; Paracentesis ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Shock* ; Sneezing ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Vasculitis*

No abstract available.
Delivery of Health Care* ; Family Practice* ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Insurance* ; Korea*

BACKGROUND: Postintubational sore throat and hoarseness are usually mild symptoms but they are very common complaints among the patients after endotracheal general anesthesia. In addition, some might have severe discomfort and need invasive procedure to relieve these problems. We tried new method of endotracheal tube cuff filling with local anesthetics to reduce postoperative sore throat and hoarseness and evaluated the results. METHODS: Endotracheal cuff filling was done with air 5 ml in healthy 20 patients (ASA I-II, control group). And in another healthy (ASA I-II) 35 patients, the cuffs were filled with 4% lidocaine 3.5 ml and 8.4% sodium bicarbonate 1.5 ml mixture. After 24 hours following general anesthesia, patients were visited and asked whether there were sore throat or hoarseness, if any, how the degree was. RESULTS: In lidocaine-treated group, the incidence of postintubational sore throat was less compared to control group significantly. There was no difference in incidence of hoarseness between two groups. CONCLUSION: Endotracheal cuff filled with lidocaine and sodium bicarbonate mixture is suggested as an effective protective method that reduces the frequency of postintubational sore throat.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics, Local ; Hoarseness* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lidocaine* ; Pharyngitis* ; Sodium Bicarbonate* ; Sodium*

Heat Shock Protein (HSP) is a genetic product reacting on stress. HSP is increased by physiological or environmental stress and expressed at gastrointestinal tumors such as stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer and large intestinal cancer, and at other various tumors such as lymphoma and breast cancer. The role of HSP is to interrupt the process of apoptosis interfering with formation of tumors, and weaken function of tumor control beyond that of immune surveillance. In case of causing the normal p53 to be mutated, it leads to morphological change of p53 protein and combine with HSP. But, it has not been clarified yet. We intend to examine the meaning of HSP 70 in bladder tumor by investigating the relations among HSP expression and tumor stage, tumor grade, P-gp (glycoprotein) expression as a product of multi-drug resistant gene, and p53 expression in 59 cases of bladder tumor. 1) There were HSP expressions of 8 cases (22%) among 36 superficial bladder tumors and of 9 cases (39%) among 23 invasive bladder tumors. 2) HSP positive reactions were observed in 1 case (8%) of 13 Grade I, and 6 cases (29%) of 21 Grade II and 10 cases (40%) of 25 Grade III. 3) Positive reactions of HSP were showed in 10 cases (40%) among 25 P-gp expression, and in 7 cases (21%) among 34 P-gp non-expression. 4) The p53 proteins were expressed in 12 cases (29%) among 42 ones of HSP non-expression and in 8 cases (47%) among 17 ones of HSP expression. 5) Positive reactions of HSP were showed in 9 cases (23%) among 39 ones of p53 non-expression, and in 8 cases (40%) among 20 ones of p53 expression. 6) 5 patients of 6 with negative expression of HSP and strong positive expression of p53 had poorly differentiated transitional cells, in which one of the patients accompanied with lung metastasis. In view of above study, HSP expression has no correlation with P-gp and stage in bladder tumor, but it has probable pertaining to tumor grade and p53. As it were, tumor cellular differentiation and p53 expression have weak correlations with HSP 70 expression. Meanwhile, judging from poor differentiation, in most cases of HSP non-expressed but p53 strongly expressed, HSP is insufficient to be a prognostic factor of bladder tumor independently, however, in case of using it, as supplementary one, concurrently with p53, it would be valuable prognostic factor in bladder tumor.
Apoptosis ; Breast Neoplasms ; Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Hot Temperature* ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Humans ; Intestinal Neoplasms ; Lung ; Lymphoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; P-Glycoprotein ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

Generalized plane xanthoma is less common and usually involves the eyelids, lateral side of the neck, upper trunk, and extremities. Lesions, however, may appear on any portion of the body. Cutaneous xanthomas may occur in hyperlipidemic and in normolipidemic states. Generalized normolipidemic plane xanthoma is often associated with multiple myeloma, other reticulo-endothelial malignancies and monoclonal gammopathy with unknown significance(MGUS). We wish to report two eases of generalized plane xanthoma associated with IgG monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance.
Extremities ; Eyelids ; Immunoglobulin G ; Multiple Myeloma ; Neck ; Paraproteinemias* ; Xanthomatosis*