Maternal phenylketonuria(PKU) is a disorder which appears when a pregnant woman with PKU doesn't take low phenylalanine diet, phenylalanine level of the fetus rises and interferes with fetal development and can easily result in abortion, low birth weight, microcephaly, cardiac anomaly or mental retardation. To prevent these effects of untreated maternal PKU, low phenylalanine diet should be taken to maintain the serum phenylalanine level less than 10mg/dl throughout the pregnancy. We experienced a case of maternal PKU in a female baby born to a 26-year-old woman with PKU who didn't take low phenylalanine diet until eighth moth of pregnancy. She showed intrauterine growth retardation, ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus. We report a case of maternal PKU with a brief review.
Adult ; Diet ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Female ; Fetal Development ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Fetus ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Intellectual Disability ; Microcephaly ; Moths ; Phenylalanine ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women

Cubitus varus and valgus is one of late complication of elbow fracture, and this deformity is caused usually by malunion in supracondylar fracture or epiphysial injury of the elbow joint. 40 supracondylar closed wedge osteotomies (on cubitus varus 25, cubitus valgus 15) were performed at the supracondylar level and were fixed with two K-wires or French method. The following results were obtained: 1. The frequency of deformity of cubitus varus was higher than that of cubitus valgus: cubitus varus, 25 cases and cubitus valgus, 15 cases. 2. Injury of the supracondylar of the humerus frequentry occured between the age of 6 and 15 (65%). 3. In cubitus varus the degree of deformity ranging from −11° to −30° was the most common whereas in cubitus valgus that ranging from 30° to 40°, 4. Incomplete ulnar nerve palsy was revealed in 15 postoperative cases of cubitus varus of which 3 cases were treated by anterior transposition. In all cubitus valgus, tardy ulnar nerve symptom was disappeared after correction. 5. Nerve damage could be avoid by performing the closed wedge osteotomy and upper connection combind with posterolateral incision in cubitus varus and medial incision in cubitus valgue. 6. Internal fixation associated with cross pinning with two K-wires or French method were performed and good result was obtained without complication even though older case.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Elbow ; Elbow Joint ; Humerus ; Methods ; Osteotomy ; Ulnar Nerve ; Ulnar Neuropathies

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Delivery of Health Care* ; Family Practice* ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Insurance* ; Korea*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Humerus*

Aquaporins (AQPs) are expressed in myocardium and the implication of AQPs in myocardial water balance has been suggested. We investigated the expression patterns of AQP subtypes in normal myocardium and their changes in the process of edema formation and cardiac dysfunction following myocardial infarction (MI). Immunostaining demonstrated abundant expression of AQP1, AQP4, and AQP6 in normal mouse heart; AQP1 in blood vessels and cardiac myocytes, AQP4 exclusively on the intercalated discs between cardiac myocytes and AQP6 inside the myocytes. However, neither AQP7 nor AQP9 proteins were expressed in CD1 mouse myocardium. Echocardiography revealed that cardiac function was reduced at 1 week and recovered at 4 weeks after MI, whereas myocardial water content determined by wet-to-dry weight ratio increased at 1 week and rather reduced below the normal at 4 weeks. The expression of cardiac AQPs was up-regulated in MI-induced groups compared with sham-operated control group, but their time-dependent patterns were different. The time course of AQP4 expression coincided with that of myocardial edema and cardiac dysfunction following MI. However, expression of both AQP1 and AQP6 increased persistently up to 4 weeks. Our findings suggest a different role for cardiac AQPs in the formation and reabsorption of myocardial edema after MI.
Animals ; Aquaporin 1/metabolism ; Aquaporin 4/metabolism ; Aquaporin 6/metabolism ; Aquaporins/*metabolism ; Edema/pathology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Muscle Cells/metabolism ; Myocardial Infarction/*metabolism/pathology/ultrasonography ; Myocardium/metabolism/pathology ; Time Factors

In human and dog the blood clot formed in the presence of cerebrospinal fluid and incubated at 37-37. 5degrees C for 24 hours, was inoculated in the subdural space and abdominal subcutaneous tissue of dog homogenously, and in human abdominal subcutaneous tissue autogenously. The chronological change of these inoculated blood clots was investigated and histological study was performed in cases with evolusion comparable to human chronic subdural hematoma. Following results were obtained. 1) In both human and dog, the blood clot formed by mixture of fresh blood and cerebrospinal fluid and inoculation for 24 hours was surrounded by elastic membranous structure which was histologically proved to be composed of delicate fibrin network. 2) In the animals inoculated with pure blood clot in subdural space, this clot regressed and was absorbed. 3) In the animals inoculated in subdural space with the blood clot formed in presence of cerebrospinal fluid. Inoculated clot grew gradually and was encapsulated and liquefied 1 week after inoculation. The wall of the older hematoma was thicker and was more infiltrated with neovascularization than that of young hematoma. 4) In animal experiment for subcutaneous inoculation with blood clot, formed with mixing cerebrospinal fluid progressed to hematoma comparable to human chronic subdural hematoma. On other hand, in experiment using pure blood clot no hematoma developed. 5) With no difference in clots formed under either presence of C.S.F. or absence of it, all blood clots inoculated in human subcutaneous tissue were absorbed within a few days and changed to the granulation tissue. Thus it was inferred that the C.S.F. was closely related to induce the capsule formation of chronic subdural hematoma.
Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Dogs ; Fibrin ; Granulation Tissue ; Hand ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic* ; Humans ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Subdural Space

OBJECTIVES: Recently, the number of adolescent criminals hospitalized for evaluation or treatment of mental illness is increasing. The aim of this study was to provide basic information for the evaluation and treatment of adolescent misconducts, based on their impulsivity. METHODS: Barrat's impulsivity test was done to 64 adolescent criminals under age of 18 who were admitted to a Juvenile School between Oct. 1, 2003 and June 30, 2004. According to their recognizing impulsivity scores, the upper 30% group (high impulsivity group: HIG) and the lower 30% group (low impulsivity group: LIG) were selected. The two groups were compared on socio-demographic data, crime characteristics, psychiatric diagnoses, Evoked Potential Latency and Amplitude, Cognitron and IQ. RESULTS: 1) The high impulsivity group had lower IQ than the low impulsivity group (p<0.01). 2) No difference was found in the seriousness of committed crimes, number of crimes and the age of first committed crimes. However, the high impulsivity group fended acting alone in committing crimes (p<0.05), and more frequently upeated same crimes (p<0.01). 3) Evoked potential latency was prolonged on FzN100 (p<0.05), CzN100 (p<0.05), PzN100 (p<0.01) and amplitude was increased on FzN100 (p<0.05), CzN100 (p<0.05), PzN100 (p<0.05) in high impulsivity group. 4) High impulsivity group showed lower scores on NOCR (p<0.01), NOCYR (p<0.01), NOCNR (p<0.01) in Cognitron. PzN100 (p<0.05) latency prolongation. CzN100 latency prolongation had positive correlation with PzN100 latency prolongation (p<0.05). 5) While the misconduct was most common problem in both groups, more ADHD diagnosis was identified in the high impulsivity group. The most frequent medical problem in low impulsivity group was with diseases of internal medicine (p<0.01) and anxiety disorders (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The adolescent criminals with high impulsivity tend to have lower intelligence and commit crimes repeatedly. They are frequently diagnosed to have ADHD. When they are compared to low impulsivity group, big differences are found in prolonged evoked potential latency and increased amplitude on N100. Hence, in the treatment and rehabilitative programs for them, considering these characteristics may be helpful.
Adolescent* ; Anxiety Disorders ; Brain* ; Crime ; Criminals* ; Diagnosis ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior* ; Intelligence ; Internal Medicine

OBJECTIVES: Recently, the number of adolescent criminals hospitalized for evaluation or treatment of mental illness is increasing. The aim of this study was to provide basic information for the evaluation and treatment of adolescent misconducts, based on their impulsivity. METHODS: Barrat's impulsivity test was done to 64 adolescent criminals under age of 18 who were admitted to a Juvenile School between Oct. 1, 2003 and June 30, 2004. According to their recognizing impulsivity scores, the upper 30% group (high impulsivity group: HIG) and the lower 30% group (low impulsivity group: LIG) were selected. The two groups were compared on socio-demographic data, crime characteristics, psychiatric diagnoses, Evoked Potential Latency and Amplitude, Cognitron and IQ. RESULTS: 1) The high impulsivity group had lower IQ than the low impulsivity group (p<0.01). 2) No difference was found in the seriousness of committed crimes, number of crimes and the age of first committed crimes. However, the high impulsivity group fended acting alone in committing crimes (p<0.05), and more frequently upeated same crimes (p<0.01). 3) Evoked potential latency was prolonged on FzN100 (p<0.05), CzN100 (p<0.05), PzN100 (p<0.01) and amplitude was increased on FzN100 (p<0.05), CzN100 (p<0.05), PzN100 (p<0.05) in high impulsivity group. 4) High impulsivity group showed lower scores on NOCR (p<0.01), NOCYR (p<0.01), NOCNR (p<0.01) in Cognitron. PzN100 (p<0.05) latency prolongation. CzN100 latency prolongation had positive correlation with PzN100 latency prolongation (p<0.05). 5) While the misconduct was most common problem in both groups, more ADHD diagnosis was identified in the high impulsivity group. The most frequent medical problem in low impulsivity group was with diseases of internal medicine (p<0.01) and anxiety disorders (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The adolescent criminals with high impulsivity tend to have lower intelligence and commit crimes repeatedly. They are frequently diagnosed to have ADHD. When they are compared to low impulsivity group, big differences are found in prolonged evoked potential latency and increased amplitude on N100. Hence, in the treatment and rehabilitative programs for them, considering these characteristics may be helpful.
Adolescent* ; Anxiety Disorders ; Brain* ; Crime ; Criminals* ; Diagnosis ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior* ; Intelligence ; Internal Medicine

PURPOSE: We determined the effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI), ZM260603 on the growth of prostate cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the synthetic TKI, ZM260603, cytotoxicity test and cell cycle analysis were performed on LNCaP, DU-145 and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines. The bcl-2 and bax protein expressions were observed in PC3 prostate cancer cell line by western blotting. The inhibitory effect of TKI was determined under the presence or absence of dehydrotestosterone, in androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cell line. RESULTS: The synthetic TKI, ZM260603 showed definite cytotoxicity on all prostate cancer cell lines studied regardless of androgen-dependency. The IC50 were 0.35+/-0.08microM, 0.12+/-0.06microM and 0.21+/-0.09microM for LnCaP, DU-145 and PC-3 cell lines, respectively. The G0/G1 phase arrests were observed commonly in all of these cell lines by flowcytometric analysis. Decrement in bcl-2 expression and increment of bax protein expression in the PC-3 cell line was observed by western blotting. The IC50 of hormone-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cell line on TKI was increased about four folds by the addition of dihydrotestosterone. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the changes in the expression of bcl-2 and bax proteins are related with inhibitory process of the synthetic TKI, ZM260,603 on the growth of prostate cancer cell lines. Androgen seems to act as compromising or weakening the effects of TKI in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line, although the exact relationships between androgen-dependency and bcl-2 expression are unclear.
bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line* ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases* ; Tyrosine*