No abstract available.
Humans ; Hypoglycemia* ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn* ; Iron*

No abstract available.

We studied to assess the relationship between intrauterine growth retardation and theincreased nucleated red blood cell counts (NRBC) in small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriatefor gestational age (AGA) neonates with low birth weight. We also evaluated the nucleated red blood cell counts in low birth weight neonates who had either perinatal asphyzia or hyaline membrane disease (HMD) or died within 7 days after birth. The results were as follows: 1) In low birth weight neonates, the mean value for NRBC counts was 9.02/100 WBCs and the mean absolute value for NRBC counts was 0.9210E9/L. 2) The mean values for NRBC counts were 13.4/100 WBCs in SGA and 6.4/100WBCs in AGA. The mean absolute values for NRBC were 1.32x10E9/L in AGA neonates 3) In SGA neonates with low birth weight, the mean NRBC counts wers 19.6/100WBCs in asphyxiated group and 4.5/100WBCs in control group. The mean absolute NRBC counts were 1.9810E9/L in control group. 4) In AGA neonates with low birth weight, the mean NRBC countswere 9.1/100WBCs in asphyxiated group and 2.4/100WBCs in control group. The meanabsolute NRBC counts were 0.98x10E9/L in asphyxiated group and o.23x10E9/L in controlroup. 5) The mean NRBC counts were 13.8/100WBCs in neonates with HMD and 7.1/100WBCs in control group. The mean absolute NRBC counts were 1.50x10E9/L in neonates withHMD and 0.70x10E9/L in control group. 6) The mean NRBC counts were 19.9/100 WBCs in expired group and 6.8/100WBCs in suvived group. The mean absolute NRBC counts were 2.1810E9/L in expired group and 0.66x10E9/L in survived group. 7) The NRBC counts of SGA neonates were significantly higher than that of AGA neonates with low birth weight. 8) The NRBC counts of asphyxiated neonates were significantly higher than that of the control group. 9) The NABC counts of expired neonates were significantly higher than that of the control group. 10) The NRBC counts of expired neonates were significantly higher than that of the survived neonates.
Birth Weight* ; Erythrocyte Count* ; Erythrocytes* ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Hyaline Membrane Disease ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn* ; Parturition*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Leiomyosarcoma* ; Uterine Inversion*

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: Renal scar or reflux nephropathy, known as a major cause of end-stage renal failure and hypertension in children and young adults, is frequently detected in pediatric urinary tract infection(UTI) patients at their first infections. So early and accurate diagnosis, and follow up of renal scar are very important. We performed this study to recognize the importance of radiologic examinations for detection of renal scar and vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) in pediatric UTI patients at their first attacks, and to compare the accuracy and usefulness of DMSA renal scan with renal ultrasonography and IVP in early detection and follow up of renal scar. We also wanted to find the association of renal scar with VUR detected by VCUG, and increased C-reactive protein(CRP) level. METHODS: We studied on 41 pediatric UTI patients without past medical history of UTI, who were admitted to the Department of Pediatics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital from May 1993 to August 1995. On admission a blood sample was taken for the determination of CRP. Renal ultrasonography and DMSA renal scan were performed within five days after admission. Eight weeks later, with repeated studies of renal ultrasonography and DMSA renal scan, IVP and VCUG were also performed for all patients. RESULTS: 1) The incidence of UTI was most prevalent in infancy grou(56%). The ratio of male to female patients was 4.8:1 under the age of one year, and 1:2 over the age of one year. 2) At admission, 21 of 41 patients(51%) showed renal scars in the DMSA renal scans. At follow up of DMSA renal scans, 8 weaks later, 7 of 21 initially abnormal cases(33%) became normal while 14 cases(67%) continued to show renal scars. Twenty initially normal cases continued to show normal DMSA renal scans at follow up. 3) Renal ultrasonography showed 10 abnormal cases among 41 cases(24%) at admission, and 7 abnormal cases(17%) at follow up. IVP showed 13 abnormal cases among 41 cases(32%). 4) For detection of renal scar, sensitivity and specificity of DMSA renal scan were 95% and 100%, sensitivity and specificity of renal ultrasonography were 45% and 90%, and sensitivity and specificity of IVP were 59% and 100% retrospectively. 5) VCUG showed reflux in 13 patients among 41 patients(32%). Among 20 patients with normal DMSA renal scan, only two patients(10%) showed VUR in VCUG, and they were classified as grade I and II VUR by International Reflux Study Committee classifications. Among 21 patients with abnormal by DMSA renal scan, 11 patients(52%) showed VUR in VCUG, of whom 9 patients were classified as severe reflux above grade III. 6) The mean CRP level in the patients with normal DMSA renal scan was 9.6mg/L, significantly lower than mean CRP level of patients with abnormal DMSA renal scan which was 60.57mg/L(p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: For early detection of renal scars and reflux nephropathy, appropriate radiologic investigations including DMSA renal scan and VCUG should be done to all pediatric UTI patients at their first attacks. DMSA renal scan seemed to be better radiologic method than renal ultrasonography and IVP in early detection of renal scar and have association with VUR. We also found that blood CRP level is easy and useful test for early suspection of upper UTI.
C-Reactive Protein* ; Child ; Cicatrix ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Succimer* ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract* ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red cell distribution width (RDW) and hemoglobin distribution width (HDW), which can be measured easily with automatic blood cell counter, in differentiating anemia of acute infection from iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in the early phase of infection. We also wanted to determine whether decreased erythropoietin (EPO) production contribute to the pathogenesis of anemia of acute infection. METHODS: 39 anemic children who were admitted to Kangbuk Samsung Hospital due to acute infectious disease between June 1997 and September 1998 were studied. We measured serum ferritin level by radioimmunoassay and divided the patients into two groups according to the serum ferritin level. The children with serum ferritin level above 30 ng/mL were included in anemia of infection group, and the children with serum ferritin level under 10 ng/mL were included in IDA group. Anemic children whose ferritin level were between 10 ng/mL and 30 ng/mL were excluded. We measured MCV, RDW and HDW by automatic blood cell counter and compared them between two groups. We also measured EPO concentration in anemia of acute infection group and compared with that of the control group. RESULTS: 1) Most common acute infectious disease accompanied by anemia of acute infection were acute gastroenteritis, acute pharyngitis, and pneumonia. 2) Complete blood count (CBC) revealed normocytic normochromia in anemia of acute infection and microcytic hypochromia in IDA. MCV of IDA group was significantly lower than that of anemia of acute infection group (65.2+/-8.7 fL vs 82.4+/-5.5 fL, P<0.005). RDW in IDA group was significantly higher than that of anemia of acute infection group (17.1+/-2.5% vs 15.0+/-1.0%, P<0.005). HDW in IDA group was significantly higher than that of anemia of acute infection group (3.2+/-0.5 g/dL vs 2.4+/-0.2 g/dL, P<0.005). 3) The mean EPO concentration in anemia of acute infection group was significantly higher than that of control group (27.1+/-14.5 mU/mL vs 18.4+/-8.7 mU/mL, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: 1) We concluded that MCV, RDW and HDW are effective parameters to differentiate anemia of acute infection from IDA. 2) Decreased EPO production may have less significant role in the pathogenesis of anemia of acute infection compared to anemia of chronic disease. 3) Our results suggested that other factors such as accelerated erythrocyte destruction or hypoferremia may contribute to the development of anemia of acute infection. Further studies will be required to identify the pathophysiology of anemia of acute infection.
Anemia* ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Blood Cell Count ; Child ; Chronic Disease ; Communicable Diseases ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Erythrocytes ; Erythropoietin ; Ferritins ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Pharyngitis ; Pneumonia ; Radioimmunoassay