No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Sarcoma, Synovial*

Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is probably the most common complication of spinal anesthesia. The incidence of spinal headache is believed to be related to age, sex, pregnancy, size of the dural puncture needle, direction of the needle bevel, and the angle at which the needle penetrates the dura. This study were done to see the relation of sex, age, needle size (23 gauge, 25 gauge & 27 gauge needle) & bevel direction (parallel, perpendicular insertion to the longutudinal dural fiber) on the incidence, duration, severity, and location. The following results were observed: 1) The overall incidence of headache was 7.9% (49 cases). 2) The size of the needle was statistically significant assouation of PDPH. 3) Headache occured in highest frequency in patients in the second and third decades. 4) The frequency of PDPH was inversely associated with age. 5) The onset of headache was 1-2 days (68%) and duration of headache was 4-5 days (82%) in postanesthetic day. 6) The severity of headache was mild and moderate in 90% cases.
Anesthesia, Spinal ; Headache ; Humans ; Incidence ; Needles* ; Post-Dural Puncture Headache* ; Pregnancy ; Punctures

Purpose: This study aimed to systematically evaluate literature related to the effects of exercise intervention programs on physical or psychological variables of post-operative breast cancer patients in Korea, and identify the effectiveness of exercise intervention through meta-analysis. Methods: The review question was defined according to PICO-SD (Participants, Intervention, Comparisons, Outcomes, Study Design) to achieve a systematic literature review: “How does exercise intervention affect the physical or psychological outcome in post-operative breast cancer patients compared to the control group?” The subjects were randomized clinical trials (RCTs) studies released in Korea between 2010 and December 2020. Literature searches were conducted using four electronic databases, including Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), National Assembly Library, and DBpia. The search terms were ‘breast neoplasms’ or ‘breast cancer’ with ‘exercise’ or ‘exercise intervention’ or ‘exercise program.’ A total of 13 RCTs were finally selected. Results: The outcome variables were in the upper extremity range of motion (ROM), shoulder disability, pain and edema. The effect size of exercise intervention on ROM was 0.95(95% CI:0.58, 1.33)( p<.001); shoulder disability was -1.16(95% CI:-1.77, -0.55)(p<.001); pain was -1.24(95% CI:-1.58, -0.89) (p<.001); and edema was -0.03(95% CI:-0.39, 0.33)(p=.858). Conclusion This result suggests that oncology nurses may apply exercise intervention to improve ROM, shoulder disability, and to alleviate pain in post-op breast cancer patients.

Purpose: This study aimed to systematically evaluate literature related to the effects of exercise intervention programs on physical or psychological variables of post-operative breast cancer patients in Korea, and identify the effectiveness of exercise intervention through meta-analysis. Methods: The review question was defined according to PICO-SD (Participants, Intervention, Comparisons, Outcomes, Study Design) to achieve a systematic literature review: “How does exercise intervention affect the physical or psychological outcome in post-operative breast cancer patients compared to the control group?” The subjects were randomized clinical trials (RCTs) studies released in Korea between 2010 and December 2020. Literature searches were conducted using four electronic databases, including Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), National Assembly Library, and DBpia. The search terms were ‘breast neoplasms’ or ‘breast cancer’ with ‘exercise’ or ‘exercise intervention’ or ‘exercise program.’ A total of 13 RCTs were finally selected. Results: The outcome variables were in the upper extremity range of motion (ROM), shoulder disability, pain and edema. The effect size of exercise intervention on ROM was 0.95(95% CI:0.58, 1.33)( p<.001); shoulder disability was -1.16(95% CI:-1.77, -0.55)(p<.001); pain was -1.24(95% CI:-1.58, -0.89) (p<.001); and edema was -0.03(95% CI:-0.39, 0.33)(p=.858). Conclusion This result suggests that oncology nurses may apply exercise intervention to improve ROM, shoulder disability, and to alleviate pain in post-op breast cancer patients.

OBJECTIVES AND OMPORTANCE: The present study investigated the levels of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) in the CSF of patients with moyamoya disease and its clinical significance. METHODS: The levels of bFGF in CSF, taken from 26 hemispheres of 14 moyamoya patients and 20 patients without vascular anomaly(control group), were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We analyzed the correlation between the level of bFGF and the clinical factors such as age, onset pattern, development of neovascularization, and cerebral circulation. RESULTS: The CSF of moyamoya patients contained a high concentration of bFGF to a significant extent. The bFGF level was apparently elevated in the patients in whom neovascularization from indirect revascularization, such as modified encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis(EDAS) was well developed. A linear correlation between the values of bFGF and clinical progression was noted. CONCLUSIONS: The elevation of bFGF in moyamoya disease seems to be specific. Clinically, the bFGF level may be considered a useful indicator to predict the efficacy of indirect revascularization.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2* ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Moyamoya Disease*

A study of continuous postoperative regional analgesia by nerve sheath block for limb amputation is presented. The authors reviewed 65 patients with amputation at the level proximal to the wrist or ankle. 15 patients of which were managed with continuous postoperative regional analgesia (CPRA) by nerve sheath block. At the time of exposure of nerve trunk during amputation, a catheter was introduced directy into the transected nerve sheath through a seperated stab wound, then infuse 0.5% bupivacaine 5ml prior to wound closure and postoperatively at the rate of 2 ml/4~6 hours for 3~4 days. The results were as follows : 1) Effective amputation stump analgesia was obtained, significantly reducing the need for narcotic analgesics. 2) 46 (70%) patients experienced Phantom phenomena and 30 (46%) patients experienced Phantom pain, a less frequently in CPRA group. 3) Phantom pain was more commonly observed in patients with rnore severe preamputation pain. 4) There were no significant relationships between the occurence of Phantom pain and the age of amputee or the level of amputation. We concluded that continuous postoperative regional analgesia by nerve sheath block significantly reduced the narcotic requirements in patients with ampotation surgeries.
Amputation Stumps ; Amputation* ; Amputees ; Analgesia* ; Ankle ; Bupivacaine ; Catheters ; Extremities* ; Humans ; Narcotics ; Phantom Limb ; Wounds and Injuries ; Wounds, Stab ; Wrist

Primary malignant melanoma of tbe esophagus is extremely rare and its incidence is below 0.1%. The tumor is polypoid and tend to be large, which is covered with false membrane, friable, hemorrhagic, and necrotic. Hematogenous and lymphogenic metastasis are common. Resection of the tumor with an anastomotic procedure seems to be the treatment of choice, and postoperative irradiation may be useful. But, despite these measures, prognosis is poor, with a 5-year survival of 4.2%. We report a case of 58-year-old man with primary malig- nant melanoma of the epophagus, and review of the literature in presented related studies.
Esophagus* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intestines* ; Melanoma* ; Membranes ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Stomach*

STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: This study examined the MRI findings, injury mechanism, clinical findings, and prognosis of a spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA) in adults with a normal spinal canal. SUMMARY OF LITERTURE: Most reports on SCIWORA deal with the pediatric age group. However, there are few reports on the MRI findings, clinical features and outcomes in adult patients with cervical SCIWORA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hospital records of 753 patients, who were treated for cervical spine injury between February 1, 1994 and July 31, 2004, were reviewed. This study included the 10 subjects with no fractures or dislocation on the plain roentgenograms or cord compression caused by degenerative change or disc herniation on MRI corresponding to the location of the cord lesion. All the patients had at least a 2-year follow-up evaluation. The relationships between the MRI findings, neurological findings and outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: The MRI findings revealed 7 cases with cord contusion, 3 cases with cord edema, 3 cases with gliosis and 3 cases with syrinx formation at the follow-up. The injury mechanism was hyperextension and hyperflexion in 7 and 3 cases, respectively. The initial motor function scores of ASIA in the edema and contusion groups was 60.7 and 43.9, respectively. At the last follow-up, the motor function scores of ASIA in the edema and contusion groups were 90 and 70.3, respectively. The Frankel grade improved by 1.3 and 1.1 in the edema and contusion groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with SCIWORA, the MRI findings correlated well with the clinical picture and were of prognostic significance. The cord edema group showed better clinical features than the contusion group, and prognosis was relatively good in both groups. A further careful evaluation, such as MRI, is still needed to determine the appropriate treatment for spinal cord injuries without radiographic abnormalities.
Adult* ; Asia ; Contusions ; Dislocations ; Edema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gliosis ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Spine

Intracranial calcifications are relatively common computed tomographic findings in the field of neurosurgery, and cysticercosis, tuberculosis, HIV, and cryptococcus are acquired intracranial infections typically associated with calcifications. However, intracranial calcification caused by a bacterial brain abscess is rare. Here, we present a rare case of intracranial calcification caused by a bacterial brain abscess, from which staphylococcus hominis was isolated. To the best of our knowledge, no previous report has been published on intracranial calcification caused by bacterial brain abscess after decompressive craniectomy for traumatic brain injury. In this article, the pathophysiological mechanism of this uncommon entity is discussed and relevant literature reviewed.
Brain ; Brain Abscess ; Brain Injuries ; Cryptococcus ; Cysticercosis ; Decompressive Craniectomy ; HIV ; Neurosurgery ; Staphylococcus hominis ; Tuberculosis

Platelet activating factor (PAF; 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is a potent lipid mediator in a variety of physiological events. PAF is also involved in various pathological events including allergy and inflammation. PAF-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) hydrolyzes PAF to produce inactive lyso-PAF. Thus, overproduction of PAF-AF will be useful for the therapeutic valuation of the enzyme. In this study, we established an overproduction method of bovine PAF-AH in Escherichia coli system. We used bovine mammary gland for cDNA cloning. The cDNA had two mismatches of amino acid sequences (Thr-247 to Met and Ile-431 to Thr) compared with the previously reported PAF-AH cDNA (bovine spleen, NM_174578). The recombinant PAF-AH of 43 kDa in molecular size reacted with human PAF-AH polyclonal antibody and showed a strong PAF-AH enzyme activity in an in vitro assay system. The recombinant PAF-AH produced by this study can be applied for various experiments including in vivo models to test its protective activity against PAF-related diseases.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Blood Platelets* ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; DNA, Complementary ; Escherichia coli ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Inflammation ; Mammary Glands, Human ; Platelet Activating Factor* ; Spleen