No abstract available
Constriction, Pathologic* ; Stents*

No abstract available.
Haloperidol* ; Homovanillic Acid* ; Plasma*

In this study, the glycogen depletion and repletion of 4 hind limb skeletal muscles which are composed of different type of muscle fibers were investigated in the streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. At sixth day after intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65mg/kg, BW), the plasma insulin level was decreased to 28.2 ±4.16u U/ml comparing with the level of 49.3 ±9.41 in control rats, And it showed approximatly 300% increment of the level of blood glucose concentration in the sedentary diabetic rats. The soleus (slow oxidative), rad gastrocnemius (fast oxydtive glycolytic), extensor digitorum longus (fast oxidative glycolytic and fast glycolytic mixed), and white gastrocnemius (fast gltycolytic) were subjected in this study. The decreased amount of glycogen in the muscles by 3 minutes treadmill running in disbetic rats was larger than that of control rats. The largest amount of depletion was observed in the soleus in diabetic rats. The repleted amount of muscle glycogen was measured at 2 hours after glucose ingestion (25% glucose sol., 2ml/10gm BW). In the control rats, the highest amount of glycogen was repleted in the soleus, but lowest in white gastrocnemius. The repleted amount of glycogen in soleus, red gastrocnemius, and extensor digitorum longus was lower in the muscles of diabetic rats than in control rats, but no difference was observed in white gastroenemius muscles. These data suggest that glycogen synthetic activities of all of muscles except the muscles which are composed of fast glycolytic fiber, were stimulated by insulin.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Eating ; Extremities ; Glucose ; Glycogen ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Insulin ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Muscles ; Plasma ; Rats ; Running ; Streptozocin

This study was designed to identify doxorubicin as a permanent chemomyectomy agent that overcomes reversible effect of botulinum toxin A. Doxorubicin was assessed for its ability to bring about a permanent chemomyectomy and the effects of pretreatment were observed to assess its ability to prevent any complications brought about by doxorubicin. A total of thirteen rabbits were assigned to the control group(n=3) and two experimental groups(n=5 for each group). To investigate the myopathic changes following the injections of the agent, both orbicularis oculi muscles of the lower eyelids of each rabbit in the control group were directly injected with single dose of 0.2ml normal saline. Group I were injected with 0.5mg/0.2ml of doxorubicin into the right eyelid and 1.0 mg/0.2 ml of doxorubicin into the left. Group II were given an intravenous injection of 35mg/kg of allopurinol as the pretreatment, then 30minutes later injected with 0.5mg/0.2ml of doxorubicin into the right and 1.0mg/ 0.2ml of doxorubicin into the left. The rabbits were examined daily to monitor the onset, duration and size of skin necrosis and histologically examined two and four months after initial injections. The myopathic change after doxorubicin injection was persistent and irreversible. The dose related effects of doxorubicin chemomyectomy were confirmed by the histologic finding. Skin necrosis occurred in all cases of doxorubicin injection(both 0.5mg and 1.0mg), however the allopurinol pretreatment decreased the size of the skin necrosis in case of the high dose(1.0mg) of doxorubicin. The combined use of allopurinol and doxorubicin reduced the myopathic change more effectively than doxorubicin use alone. Further study is needed to determine optimal dose and administration method, which we feel will contribute to safer and permanent chemomyectomy.
Allopurinol* ; Botulinum Toxins ; Doxorubicin* ; Eyelids ; Injections, Intravenous ; Muscles ; Necrosis ; Rabbits ; Skin

Hepatolithiasis is common in east Asia, but rare in the Western world. Recently, epidemiologic study on Korea gallstone disease showed that the portion of patients with hepatolithiasis among total gallstone patients is 14.1%. Hepatolithiasis is the cause of recurrent cholangitis and it is that risk factor of liver abscess, hepatic failure, or sepsis. Also, biliary cirrhosis and cholangiocarcinoma were developed from hepatolithiasis. The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma associated with hepatolithiasis is about 2.4~10% . We present three cases of unresectable cholangiocarcinoma diagnosed after removal of hepatolithiases by percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy.
Cholangiocarcinoma* ; Cholangitis ; Far East ; Gallstones ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Liver Abscess ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; Liver Failure ; Risk Factors ; Sepsis ; Western World

The physical activity has an important physiological and psychological benefit for all people, and the exercise program has a key role in the management of diabetes. This article presents exercise recommendations for people with diabetes. Though the patients with diabetes may give many benefits from regular physical exercise, there may be several hazards from exercise as well. We assessed 30 patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and 15 normal control subjects with sedentary life-style for their workload, heart rate on maximal performance and maximal oxygen uptake, change of blood glucose level after exercise using bicycle ergometer and Astrand nomogram. The workload, heart rate on maximal performance and maximal oxygen uptake were lower in diabetic patient than control subjects. Blood glucose decreased in diabetic patient than control subjects, after exercise and the lowered value was maintained until 60 minutes after exercise. The maximal oxygen uptake was lower in diabetic patients than control subjects. The blood glucose decreased in both diabetic patients and normal control after exercise.
Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Exercise ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Motor Activity ; Nomograms ; Oxygen

BACKGROUND: Reestabilshment of blood flow is a standard therapeutic modality to salvage the myocardium at risk in an acute phase of myocardial infarction. However, there are significant evidences that reperfusion per se may injure the potentially viable myocardium, and a number of pharmacological agents were tried to reduce this reperfusion injury. Adenosine, an endogenous vasodilator, is suggested to reduce repergusion inury. To evaluate the myocardial protective effect of adenosine, magnetic resonance spectroscopy with superscript P was applied to feline model of acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, as well as pathological examination. METHODS: Effects of adenosine on the recovery of high energy phosphorous metabolites during 90 minutes of reperfusion period following 90 minutes of left anterior descending coronary artery ligation were assessed by31P spectroscopy in 27 cats(10: control group, 8: adenosine I group, 9: adenosine II group). In adenosine groups 0.2 mg/kg/min of adenosine was infused intravenously for 90 minutes from 30 miniutes before reperfusion in group I, and from just before reperfusion in group II. The experiments were performed on a 4.7 T/30 cm Biospec MRS/MRI system and the MR signals were obtained by using inner-diameter 1.5 cm-sized doubly tuned surface coil. The size of the spectral peaks was measured by area integration method. RESULTS: 1) Phosphocreatine(PCr) decreased rapidly with progression of ischemia, and recovered in reperfusion period in each group. PCr values in the reperfusion period were significantly higher in adenosine group than those in control group, although there was no difference between adenosine group I and II. 2) ATP decreased with progression of ischemia, and recovered in reperfusion period in each group. ATP values in the reperfusion period were significantly higher in adenosine groups than those in control group, byt there was no difference between adenosine group I and II. 3) pH decreased uniformly with progression of ischemia and recovered in reperfusion period, showing no difference between control and adenosine groups. 4) PCr/ATP ratio, representing the potential of oxidative phosphorylation, dereased with progression of ischemia and increased in reperfusion period. PCr/ATP ratio showed no difference between control, adenosine I and II groups. 5) Risk area/left ventricle ratio was not different in control and adenosine groups. Infarct size/risk area and infarct size/left ventricle ratios were smaller in adenosine II than those in control group. Howerver no significant diffence was noticed between adenosine I and control, and between adenosine I and II group. CONCLUSION: Intravenous infusion of adenosine showed the tendency of reducing the infarct size in the feline model of acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, and adenosine could improve significantly the recovery of high energy phosphate metabolites. This myocardial pretective effect of adenosine is considered to be present mainly in the reperfusion period.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Adenosine* ; Coronary Vessels ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Ischemia ; Ligation ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Myocardium ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reperfusion ; Reperfusion Injury ; Spectrum Analysis

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Infection of pancreatic necrosis is one of the leading cause of death in patients with severe necrotizing pancreatits. Because of high mortality rate up to 50%, immediate surgical debridement including pancreatectomy is recommended. However, early surgical treatment still showed high mortality rate and better treatment strategy is required. This study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of early intensive non-surgical treatments in patients with infected necrotizing pancreatitis. METHODS: This study was based on retrospective analysis of 71 patients with acute severe necrotizing pancreatitis (APACHE II score>or=8, or Ranson's score>or=3, and pancreatic necrosis on CT scan), who were admitted to medical center during past 16 years. Infection of pancreatic necrosis was confirmed by fine needle aspiration, and early intensive medical treatments comprised of prophylactic antibiotics coverage, fluid resuscitation, organ preserving supportive measures, and percutaneous catheter drainage were carried out. RESULTS: Among the enrolled patients, infections were suspected in 46 patients, but fine needle aspirations were done only in 32 patients. In 21 patients, infections of necrotic tissue were confirmed by bacteriology, while other 11 patients showed no evidence of bacterial growth. Of 21 patients with infected necrosis, initial surgical interventions were performed in 2 patients, while initial medical treatments were performed in 19 patients. The success rate of medical treatment group in infected necrotizing pancreatitis was 79% (15/19). The mortality rate of medical treatment group and surgical treatment group was 5% (1/19) and 50% (1/2). CONCLUSIONS: Early intensive medical treatment seems to be a good therapeutic strategy, even if the infection has developed in pancreatic necrosis. Further prospective randomized studies are required to confirm this finding.
Bacterial Infections/diagnosis/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/complications/diagnosis/*therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: A total of 27 carpal bone cysts were analyzed for their sites, relations of other wrist soft tissue ganglions and their results of treatment were evaluated. METHODS: Twenty-seven carpal bone cysts in 20 patients (bilateral 5, multiple 2) from February 2002 to June 2013 were evaluated. Mean follow-up period was 16.6 months. We investigated etiological classification, the site of carpal bone cyst, and their relationship with soft tissue ganglion in same wrist. Pain, range of motion, radiographic changes, and their satisfaction after treatment were assessed postoperatively. RESULTS: The carpal bone cysts occurred mainly at the radial wrist axial ray on the lunate (12 cases), scaphoid (6 cases), and triquetrum (5 cases), trapezium (2 cases), and capitate (2 cases). Based on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in 25 cases, we classified carpal bone cysts into 4 distinct types; type I with purely intraosseous lesion (16 cases), type II with bone cyst associated cortical perforations (6 cases), type III with coexisting soft tissue ganglion communicating with intra-osseous lesion (2 cases), and type IV with coexisting soft tissue ganglion non-communicating intraosseous lesions (1 case). CONCLUSION: The carpal bone cysts can be classified by MRI into 4 distinct types. The purely intraosseous type is most common, suggesting the intrinsic cause in the development of carpal bone cyst.
Bone Cysts ; Carpal Bones* ; Classification ; Follow-Up Studies ; Ganglion Cysts ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Wrist

Osteointegration with titanium implant has become a highlight having titanium implant tightly fixed in the bone with prosthesis attaching over it. The procedure is relatively simple with no morbidity of donor site and ensues superior shape aesthetically. However, the stability of it has been in question, therefore an experiment was performed to study the actual stability and periosteal formation around the implant. This study presents a histomorphometric and biomechanical comparison of bone response between titanium and stainless steel placed in the tibia of 5 rabbits. Two implants were placed in tibia of rabbit; titanium implant in left and stainless steel implant as a control in right. As a titanium implant, Brnemark implant with depth of 4 mm and diameter of 3.75 mm which has actually been used in the reconstruction of ears was used, and the stainless steel was manufactured in the same way as titanium implant. After a healing period of 3 months, the average removal torque was 8.2 Ncm for the stainless steel implants and 26.5 Ncm for the titanium implant. Histomorphometric study revealed that the stainless steel screw demonstrated rough and irregular contact surface with partial formation of new bone and the titanium implant demonstrated smooth contact surface with a good formation of new bone. In conclusion, the results indicated that titanium surfaces achieved greater periosteal bone formation over stainless steel surfaces and provided enhanced mechanical interlocking.
Ear ; Humans ; Osteogenesis ; Prostheses and Implants ; Rabbits ; Stainless Steel ; Tibia ; Tissue Donors ; Titanium* ; Torque