The measurement of tumor cell proliferation is becoming inueasingly recognized in defining prognostic groups. Boliferatirg cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) imrnunolocalimtion can be used as an index of cell proliferation and rnay define the extent of deppature from norrmil gmwth control. PCNA is eonsidered to be maker of cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to evnlunte the expreeion of PCNA in epithelial ocarian cancer as well as the possible correlation with degree of differentiation, tumor etage and overall survival. The material consisted of 35 epithehal ovarian cancer. The PCNA labelling index (Ll) ranged from 7.5% to 92.5% with a median value of 46.7%. PCNA labelling index (LI) is 30% in grade 1, 63% in grade 2, and 100% in grade 3 in epithelial ovarian cancer(p>0.05). Also, a positive correlation was found between PCNA labelling index (LI) and clinical stage (P<0.05) The estimated 3 year survival in patients with a tumor LI below the median (low proliferative group) was higher than those with a tumor LI greater than the median(high proliferation group) (87.5% VS 50%, P<0.05).
Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Prognosis* ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen*

The measurement of tumor cell proliferation is becoming inueasingly recognized in defining prognostic groups. Boliferatirg cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) imrnunolocalimtion can be used as an index of cell proliferation and rnay define the extent of deppature from norrmil gmwth control. PCNA is eonsidered to be maker of cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to evnlunte the expreeion of PCNA in epithelial ocarian cancer as well as the possible correlation with degree of differentiation, tumor etage and overall survival. The material consisted of 35 epithehal ovarian cancer. The PCNA labelling index (Ll) ranged from 7.5% to 92.5% with a median value of 46.7%. PCNA labelling index (LI) is 30% in grade 1, 63% in grade 2, and 100% in grade 3 in epithelial ovarian cancer(p>0.05). Also, a positive correlation was found between PCNA labelling index (LI) and clinical stage (P<0.05) The estimated 3 year survival in patients with a tumor LI below the median (low proliferative group) was higher than those with a tumor LI greater than the median(high proliferation group) (87.5% VS 50%, P<0.05).
Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Prognosis* ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen*

No abstract available.
Germ Cells* ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal*

Many carcinomas have an active mononuclear cell infiltrates surrounding tumor. Various in vitro assays have shown that cellular constituents of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) can alter growth of carcinoma cell line. Author compared the effects of normal fibroblasts on squamous cell carcinoma cell line(SCL-1) along with those of sctivated and/or nonactivated PBMC on SCI 1 using a skin equivalent system. This system prevents direct cellular contact by growing SCL-1 on an overlying Millicell-HA membrane and normal fibroblast or supernatants of PBMC in a lower chamber. Normal fibroblasts enhanced the outgrowth of SCL-1 and induced a more organized phenotype of SCL-1. Supernatants from nonstimulated PBMC suppressed outgrowth of SCL 1, and concanavalin A stimulated PBMC supernatants alterd rnorphology of cultured SCL-1 from a disorganized phenotype to a more organized phenotype. It is concluded that fibroblasts and PBMC may affect the growth and differentiation of SCL-1 via their mediators(cytokines)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cell Line* ; Concanavalin A ; Fibroblasts* ; Membranes ; Phenotype ; Skin

The most common malignant renal neoplasm is renal cell carcinoma. It is estimated that renal cell carcinoma accounts for 1% of all primary malignancies in Korea. Rell cell carcinoma presents diverse clinical courses with gross, histopathologic features. It has been known to be very difficult tumor to predict its clinical prognosis. In Korea, many studies have been reported concerning the clinical aspects of renal cell carcinoma. However, pathological studies of renal cell carcinoma are very few even though studies of nuclear grade have been attempted recently. We reviewed 93 cases of renal cell carcinoma examined in the period from 1978 to 1987 in the department of pathology, Yonsei university college of medicine, Yongdong Severance hospital, Wonju college of medicine and analyzed the histopathologic classification, including nuclear grade according to the Fuhrman's method. We abtained the following results by studying the relationship of the factors which had been known as correlated with the prognosis. 1) The ages of patients ranged from 9 to 74 years with a peak in the 6th decade. 2) The most common symptoms of the patients were hematuria, mass and pain, in that oder, and 7 patients complained to specific symptoms. The incidentally found cases characterized stage I, nuclear grade 2 small tumor size (not more than 4 cm) and clear cell type. 3) The renal cell carcinoma was more frequently located in the left kidney than the right by a ratio of 1.25 : 1. The incidence of intrarenal location was divided to the upper pole, 40% : mid portion, 29% : lower pole, 23% : diffuse involvement, 8%. The tumor shoing diffuse growth pattern had a large size, high nuclear grade and mixed cells. 4) The tumor size averaged 8 cm and there was no significant relationship between the size and stage. Seven cases of neoplasms not more than 3 cm were seen, of which 2 cases revealed an outcome of distant metastasis. 5) The histological pattern showed major solid, 53% : tubular, 11% : mixed, 18% : papillary, 9% and sarcomatoid type 9%. The sarcomatoid type was characterized by grade 4, a larger size(more than 10 cm), advanced stage. 6) There was no special relationship between the stage and grade but mostly grade 2 occupied the stage I. 7) The clear cell type was predominantly noted at grade 2 (65%), at the stage I (63%), granular or mixed cell type at grade 3 (87%), 4 (70%). According to these results, the tumors showing a sarcomatoid histologic pattern, diffuse growth pattern had unfavorable prognostic factors, and are thus estimated to have a poor prognosis. But the case which were incidentally found have favorable prognostic factors and probably a better prognosis. The tumor size alone can not exactly predict the metastasis and is not correlated with the stage. Small renal cell neoplasm (not more than 3 cm) generally has unfavorable prognostic factors and should be considered potentially malignant. The high grade frequently has granular cytoplasm. This represents the relationship between grade and cytoplasm, poor prognosis in the granular cell than the clear. The renal cell carcinoma shows variable prognosis and thus the prognosis should be estimated by all the factors. Nuclear grade can be used as one of the useful prognostic factors.
Incidence ; Neoplasm Metastasis

No abstract available.
Chlamydia* ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although the only therapy of proven benefit for chronic hepatitis C is interferon alpha, the rate of sustained response after treatment with interferon is less than 25%. A 6-month course of combination therapy with interferon and ribavirin was associated with higher rate of long-term response than either interferon or ribavirin alone. Pilot studies suggested that combination of interferon and ursodeoxy-cholic acid (UDCA) resulted in higher biochemical response than interferon alone. We investigated the rates of end of treatment response(ETR) and sustained response(SR) of combination therapy of interferon e2a, ribavirin and UDCA and compared it with interferon a 2a alone. METHODS: Ninty-five naive patients with chronic hepatitis C who have been positive for anti-HCV by 3rd generation EIA and HCV RNA by RT-PCR and had elevated level of ALT over 6 months were included. They were assigned to three groups. Thirty seven patients in group 1 were treated with interferon a 2a (3MU thrice weekly) in combination with ribavirin (600mg/day) and UDCA (600mg/day) for 6 months. Twenty nine patients in group 2 were treated with the same dose of interferon a 2a alone for 6 months. Changes of ALT and HCV RNA were observed over 12 months (average 3029 mos) after the end of treatment in both groups. Twenty nine patients in group 3 were observed over 12 months without antiviral treatment. HCV genotypes were tested by Innop-Lipa in 24 patients in group 1. RESULTS: In group 1, not only ETR (68%) but also 12 month SR rate (54%) was significantly higher than group 2(31%, 21% respectively). There was no difference in relapse rate between two groups. The level of ALT became normalized and HCV RNA negative within 1 month after treatment in most responders in group l. Genotype 1b was associated with lower ETR and SR than non-lb, although not significant stastistically. CONCLUSION: Both the ETR and 12 month SR rate were significantly higher after combination treatment of interferon a 2a, ribavirin and UDCA than interferon e 2a alone in chronic hepatitis C. It is suggested that this combination is preferable to interferon alone in the treatment of naive patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Genotype ; Hepatitis C, Chronic* ; Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha* ; Interferons* ; Recurrence ; Ribavirin* ; RNA

No abstract available.
Paget Disease, Extramammary

The onset of systemic scleroderma in the first. decade of lif occurs in less than 1.5% of instances. Systemic sclerodrma in childhood have been characterized by less severe visceral involvement and a benign course We report a boy, aged 7 years, with a history of Raynaid; phenomenon and dysphagia. He had a mask-like face, flexion contracture of hands and knee joints, digital pitting scars, ichthyosiform skin change on leg and hyperpigrnented induration on all extremities and trunk. Antinuclear antibodies were positive in nucleolar type and Scl-70 antiocy was also present. On radiologie study, the pattern of reflux esophagitis and resorption of the listal ends of all phalanges were nated. Histopathological findings were compatible with sclerodma. He was treated with Penicillamine-D and oral corticosteroic with good improvernent.
Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Cicatrix ; Contracture ; Deglutition Disorders ; Esophagitis, Peptic ; Extremities ; Hand ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Leg ; Male ; Scleroderma, Systemic* ; Skin

BACKGROUND: Tufted angioma is an uncommon slowly progressive vascular tumor found typically in infants and young children with characteristic histologic findings, so called "cannonball" appearance. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was aimed to investigate the clinical and histopathological characteristics of tufted angioma and the response to intralesional steroid. METHODS: Clinical information of 10 patients with tufted angioma diagnosed in Severance hospital and Pundang CHA hospital from 1983 to 1999 was obtained from the medical records and clinical follow-ups. We re-evaluated 10 biopsy specimens obtained from them with routine H&E staining. RESULTS: Five male and five female patients were included. In 9 patients the lesion appeared before 2 months of age. Four had a lesion at birth. The thigh was the most common site. The clinical symptoms were diverse, but characteristically tenderness was present in most cases. In all the patients the lesions had a tendency to spread progressively. Microscopically, numerous, distinct, variably sized, tightly packed capillary and endothelial cellular lobules were scattered in the dermis. There were characteristic semilunar spaces adjacent to the capillary tufts. Six patients received intralesional triamcinolone. This treatment was found to be effective in 5 patients who experienced remarkable improvement. The improved cases had similar histologic findings which were composed of cellular mass more than lumen formation. We classified our specimens into two categories, one with more cellular mass and the other with more lumen formation in relative proportion. The former was different from the latter in that it had more solid appearance and more definite margin. And we realized that it was useful to divide into these two categories since its response to treatment could be different. CONCLUSIONS: Tufted angioma is a relatively uncommon disease with characteristic histopathologic findings. It seems not to regress spontaneously. So early treatment is required to pre-vent further spreading up to the extent. We treated 6 patients with intralesional injection of triamcinolone and 5 patients experienced marked improvement which had more cellular mass more than lumen formation histopathologically.
Biopsy ; Capillaries ; Child ; Dermis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Infant ; Injections, Intralesional ; Male ; Medical Records ; Parturition ; Thigh ; Triamcinolone