No abstract available.
Trichomonas*

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the radiological, clinical results in patients with open distal tibia factures, who were treated with a staged treatment protocol using the lateral minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) technique. METHODS: From January 2007 to June 2009, 10 patients with open distal tibia fractures (Gustilo-Anderson classification II, 3; IIIA, 1; IIIB, 6) were treated using a staged treatment protocol. The initial debridement and application of an external fixator were performed within 24 hours and the mean interval from injury to definitive surgical treatment was 15 days (range, 6 to 52 days). Eight weeks later, an additional bone graft was performed in 3 patients. The follow-up duration was more than 1 year. RESULTS: The mean fracture healing time was 21 weeks (range, 17 to 28 weeks), and the average Iowa ankle rating score was 84.5 points. At the last follow-up, there was no non-union, angular deformity > 5degrees, shortening > 10 mm or infection. In 10 patients, 2 patients had a superficial wound infection, and another 2 patients showed limitation of ankle joint motion. CONCLUSIONS: This staged treatment protocol using a lateral MIPO technique is a useful alternative method for achieving high functional recovery with good healing and low complication rates in patients with an open distal tibia fracture.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Ankle Injuries/*surgery ; Bone Transplantation ; Clinical Protocols ; Debridement ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/*methods ; Fractures, Open/*surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy ; Therapeutic Irrigation ; Tibial Fractures/*surgery ; Treatment Outcome

No abstract available.
Trichomonas*

No Abstract Available.
Patellar Ligament*

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a novel mouth contactless breathing exercise solution based on virtual reality (VR), and to test its feasibility. Methods: We developed the Virtual Reality-based Breathing Exercise System (VR-BRES), a self-regulating biofeedback breathing exercise with gaming characteristics and a soft stretch sensor. The feasibility and efficacy of the VR-BRES prototype were investigated through a randomized crossover trial. Fifty healthy adults participated in the trial, and their respiratory parameters and user evaluation of the VR-BRES were compared with conventional deep breathing (CDB) exercises. Results: The respiratory parameters, forced vital capacity (Z = 4.82, 4.95, p < .001), forced expiratory volume in one second (t = 6.02, 6.26, p < .001), and peak expiratory flow (t = 5.35, 5.68, p < .001) were significantly higher during breathing exercises using the VR-BRES. User evaluation was also significantly higher for the VR-BRES in terms of efficiency (Z = 3.86, p < .001), entertainingness (Z = 5.00, p < .001), and intention to use (Z = 3.22, p = .001) compared to CDB. However, there was no difference in convenience between the two methods (Z = −0.90, p = .369). Conclusion The VR-BRES has the potential to be an efficient breathing exercise solution. We recommend a clinical study that evaluates the effects of the VR-BRES for a certain period of time for people who need breathing exercises.

BACKGROUND: Burns remain a common public problem among children and often cause severe injuries, resulting in physical and mental problems for the patients. Children constitute a risk group because of their natural curiosity, their mode of reaction, their impulsiveness and lack of experience in risk assessment. PURPOSE: The objects of this study were to characterize pediatric burn injuries and to understand their clinical outcomes in Korea. METHODS: we analyzed the records of the 1401 pediatric burn patients (age 0~15 years old) out of the 4423 burn patients, who have been admitted to the Burn Center, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University for 5 years (1991~1995). RESULTS: Males were more affected than females; 58.1% were males and 41.9% were females. Most thermal injuries in children occur in the age group younger than 5 years (82%); especially 66.9% of pediatric burn patients were under the age of 3. Scalding burns accounted for 72.5%, and flame burns fors 18.1%. Most pediatric burns occurred in urban areas. The most common activities related to pediatic burn injuries were food preparation and food consumption, which accounted for 57.5% of all burn injuries. In 66% of the cases, the extent of the burned surface was under 10%. In 77.8% of the cases, the depth of the burn wound was 2nd degree. In 63.9% of the cases, the duration of hospitalization was 3 weeks or less. The incidence of wound infection was 14.8%, and 50% of the infections were caused by Pseudomonas aerusinosa. The major complications were wound infection (30.9%), hypertrophic scarring (21.4%) and irritant dermatitis (20.3%). The mortality rate in a series of 1,401 pediatric patients was 2.6%. The main causes of death were sepsis, burn shock, ARDS and air way obstruction. When 51~70% of the surface area was burned the mortality was 25%, when over 70% of the surface area was burned the mortality was 81.3%. SPCCULATION: The successful way to prevent pediatric burn is to reduce the risk to children by effective intervention.
Burn Units ; Burns* ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Dermatitis, Irritant ; Exploratory Behavior ; Female ; Heart ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Mortality ; Pseudomonas ; Risk Assessment ; Sepsis ; Shock ; Wound Infection ; Wounds and Injuries

It is not uncommon for hemangiomas to occur in the calvarium, accounting for about 10% of the benign skull tumors. A 46-year-old man was presented with a palpable scalp mass on the left parietal region. Past medical history indicated that he had undergone cranioplasty 25 years prior due to a depressed skull fracture suffered from a traffic accident. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed mixed signal intensity mass on T1 -and T2-weighted images pushing a linear signal void lesion outward in the left parietal region. After total surgical removal along with cranioplasty, he was discharged without neurological deficits. Histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed a cavernous hemangioma. A skull hemangioma occurring at the site of a cranioplasty has not yet been reported. Therefore, authors report this case in combination with a pertinent literature review.
Accidents, Traffic ; Accounting ; Hemangioma ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Scalp ; Skull ; Skull Fracture, Depressed

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is characterized by histological findings of an immunoinflammatory destruction of small- and medium-sized bile ducts with progressive portal fibrosis, and the presence of anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA) with a laboratory evidence of chronic cholestasis. The term "autoimmune cholangitis" (AIC) is used for a disease with the clinical and pathologic features of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) but with negative AMA and positive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) tests. Eight cases of AIC and ten cases of PBC were reviewed in order to determine whether there was any difference between two diseases in clinico-pathologic aspects. All of the patients were female and the mean ages of AIC and PBC patients were 48 and 47 years, respectively. ANA test was positive in six of ten PBC paients and their mean titer was lower than that of AIC patients. IgM level was significantly higher in PBC group than in AIC group. No significant difference was found between two groups with respect to biochemical and histopathological features. Since the only consistently distinguishing features between these two conditions are the autoantibody profile (AMA vs ANA) and immunoglobulin level (IgM), these two conditions might be part of a spectrum. PBC can be considered to be the same as AMA-positive AIC or alternatively AIC to be the same as AMA-negative PBC.
Bile Ducts ; Cholangitis* ; Cholestasis ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; Immunoglobulins ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary*

Intracranial aneurysms larger than 25mm in diameter are considered giant aneurysms and these comprise about 5% of all intracranial aneurysms. The authors report a series of 9 cases of giant cerebral aneurysms(>2.5cm in diameter) during a 7-year-period found among 212 cases with saccular cerebral aneurysms. Of the 9 patients, four patients were treated by direct neck clipping, one by trapping, and the other one by sac excision after direct neck clipping. This report presents an analysis of 9 cases of giant cerebral aneurysms. The results are as following : 1) In a review of our cases of giant aneurysms, approximately 4.3% were of all intracranial aneurysms. 2) Male : Female ratio was 4 : 5. 3) The greatest incidence was in the 6th decade of life. 4) The most common site was in the internal carotid artery portion. 5) Our all cases were saccular aneurysms. 6) In our cases, nonthrombosed aneurysms were more common. 7) Presenting symptom of SAH was more common. 8) There was no relationship between blood pressure and aneurysm rupture in our cases. 9) We found our all cases of ICA portion giant aneurysms presented with focal symptoms. 10) The most commonly presented focal neurologic sign was visual failure.
Aneurysm ; Blood Pressure ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Male ; Neck ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Rupture

Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) aneurysm is a rare disease, and has some distinctive features compared with aneurysms located elsewhere. This study is to investigate results of the management and characteristics of posterior cerebral artery aneurysm. Between 1996 and 2005, we treated 8 patients (4 male, 4 female) via endovascular or surgical approach. Six patients underwent endovascular treatment and two were treated with open surgery. The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was used for estimating the results. Five patients had ruptured PCA aneurysms and three had unruptured aneurysms. The locations were one case of P1 branch, two cases of P1-P2 junction, four cases of P2-P3 junction and one case of distal P4 branch. Among 8 patients, five had good recovery, two had a moderate disability and another one was expired due to rebleeding. Optimal treatment of PCA aneurysms is able to perform via surgical or endovascular approach. Endovascular treatment is effective and an alternative method for PCA aneurysm because of the difficulty and several complications of surgical approach.
Aneurysm ; Glasgow Outcome Scale ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Male ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Posterior Cerebral Artery* ; Rare Diseases