We reviewed 9 eyes which underwent combined phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy at separate site. Phacoemulsification was performed using corneal incision and trabeculectomy was performed at one superior quadrant using a limbus-based conjunctival flap with mitomycin C(0.2mg/ml, 3-5 minutes). Six eyes received 3-piece folable silicone lenses and 3 eyes received 1-picec PMMA(diameter 5.5mm) lenses. Mean preoperatie intraocular pressure (IOP) was 23.4+/-8.7mmHg. Mean follow-up period was 12.7(range 6-21)months. The mean postoperative IOP at 1, 6, 12 months were 14.6+/-4.8mmHg, 13.8+/-4.4mmHg, 16.6+/-6.8mmHg, respectively. Seven eyes achieved a final fisual acuity of 0.7 or better. One patient developed vision-impairing complications; flat anterior chambe and anterior dislocation of silicone lens. Other complications include posteror synechiae(4 eyes), capsular opacities (3 eyes), lens decentration with capsular contracture(1 eye). These rusults suggest that combined corneal incision phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy at separate site offers an effective technique to control postoperative intraocular pressure in patients with coexsisting cataract and glaucoma, though this procedure is not devoid of complications.
Cataract ; Dislocations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Mitomycin ; Phacoemulsification* ; Silicones ; Trabeculectomy*

The authors analysed 22 patients who were admitted to Gyeongsang National University Hospital because of ocular injuries induced by Power lawn mowers from March 1, 1991 to December 31, 1994. All of the patients were males. The average age of the patients was 43.3(range 15-69). Most injuries occured between June and September. Perforating injuries were developed in 8(36.4%) of 22 eyes and non-perforating injuries in 14(63.6%) eyes. The type of injuries were lens damage(10/22), vitreous hemorrhage(8/22), iridodialysis(4/22), intraocular foreign body(3/22), endophthalmitis(2/22), retinal detachment(1/22), and choroidal rupture(1/22). The prognosis was poor when the eyeball was perforated. Therefore safety goggles are absolutely needed for prevention of ocular injuries induced by Power lawn mowers.
Choroid ; Endophthalmitis ; Eye Protective Devices ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; Retinaldehyde

PURPOSE: To assess union and complication rates associated with the use of 2 small diameter headless compression screws and volar wedge bone grafting for the treatment of scaphoid fracture waist nonunions with collapse. METHODS: A total of 12 patients (11 male and 1 female) at an average age of 32.5 years were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with 2 small diameter headless compression screws for scaphoid nonunions with a mean follow-up of 11 months. Tricortical wedge shaped autograft were harvested from the iliac crest and placed into the nonunion site to restore length and alignment in all patients. Union was determined by radiographs and computed tomography, and scapholunate and radiolunate angles, and height-to-length ratio were calculated on final radiographs and follow-up computed tomography. RESULTS: All 12 scaphoids united with a mean time for 2.8 months. The mean postoperative scapholunate angle was significantly reduced from 73° preoperatively to 56° postoperatively. The mean radiolunate angle was significantly improved from 21° from neutral preoperatively to 12° postoperatively. The height-to-length ratio was also demonstrated significant improvement from 0.73 preoperatively to 0.60 postoperatively. No hardware problems were identified and no revision procedures have been necessary. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the use of 2 small diameter headless compression screws with volar structural bone graft stabilizes the fracture for predictable union, while reducing the deformity reliably from a collapsed scaphoid nonunion. The presented technique is safe and effective, and may provide superior biomechanical stability, especially against the torsional force.
Autografts ; Bone Transplantation ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Torsion, Mechanical ; Transplants

Beta adrenergic receptors(beta-ARs) were detected in retina, trabecular meshwork, iris and ciliary body in eye of human, cat, rabbit, and bovine using in vitro autoradiography and majority of the beta-ARs found in eye are the beta2 subtype. Recently, the beta2-AR gene has been cloned from hamster, human, rat and monkey using molecular biological methods. Expression of beta2-AR mRNA were demonstrated in smooth muscle, kidney, ovary, brain, adipose tissue, heart, epithelial cells, thymus, lung and liver. However, studies about expression and distribution of beta2-AR mRNA in the eye have not been done yet. Author have characterized the expression of beta2-AR mRNA in rat eye using in situ hybridization with 35S-UTP riboprobe. beta2-AR mRNA was expressed in corneal epithelium and stroma, ciliary epithelium, vessels of ciliary body, choroidal vessel, and retina. In contrast it was not expressed in iris and sclera in the rat eyes. These results support the hypothesis that beta2-AR mRNA may be synthesized in the various ocular tissue and its characterized distribution suggests partially that beta2-ARs are related with aqueous production and blood supply of the eye.
Adipose Tissue ; Animals ; Autoradiography ; Brain ; Cats ; Choroid ; Ciliary Body ; Clone Cells ; Cricetinae ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Epithelium, Corneal ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Heart ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Iris ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Muscle, Smooth ; Ovary ; Rats* ; Receptors, Adrenergic* ; Retina ; RNA, Messenger* ; Sclera ; Thymus Gland ; Trabecular Meshwork

The optimal treatment and appropriate follow-up period for an unruptured vertebral artery (VA) and/or posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) dissection have not been established. Decisions regarding treatment of these vascular lesions are usually based on the manifesting symptoms and changes in radiologic findings during the follow-up period. We experienced a patient who had a simultaneous unruptured VA dissection and a contralateral PICA dissecting aneurysm. We did not find such a case in other literature.
Aneurysm, Dissecting ; Arteries ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Pica ; Vertebral Artery ; Vertebral Artery Dissection

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Acute coronary syndrome occurs most commonly in the setting of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, but there is little information concerning the mechanism responsible for the transition from stable to unstable coronary atherosclerotic plaque. Hypothetically, several microorganism(Chlamydia pneumonia, Cytomegalovirus and Helicobacter pylori) and their inflammatory reaction have been suggested as a causative motive in progression of acute coronary syndrome. Although it is unclear whether the serum level of CRP as a inflammatory parameter is concerned with previous inflammatory change or myocardial necrosis, CRP apper to be predictive of higher risk for cardiac event in the patients with acute coronary syndrome. Our objective was to evaluate whether the inflammatory parameters(CRP, ESR and WBC count) is useful in predicting the short-term cardiac risk within 30 days. MATERIALS AND METHOD: One hundred and ten patients with acute coronary syndrome were enrolled from April 1998 through August 1998. Blood samples were collected at 1st hour, 24th hour, 48th hour and 7th day and tested for CRP, ESR, WBC count and CK-MB level. Values of 323 normal were used as control. All patients were followed up for 30 days and assessed for the presence of cardiac complications. RESULTS: Peak CRP value of the patients with acute myocardial infarction(3.4+/-3.85 mg/dL, n=2) was higher than that of the patients with unstable angina(0.7+/-0.93 mg/dL, n=8, p<0.05) and controls(0.3+/-0.48 mg/dL, n=23, p<0.05). Peak CRP value of patients with cardiac complication was higher than that of patients without complication(7.7+/-4.77 mg/dL, n=5 vs 1.3+/-1.74 mg/dL, n=5 ; p<0.05). In multivariate analysis, peak CRP value was the only predictive parameter for development of cardiac complications in the patients with acute coronary syndrome(Odds ratio 4.893, 95% confidence interval 1.212-19.756, p value=.026). In the high-CRP group(>2 mg/dL, n=0), the cardiac complication rate was higher than the low-CRP group(< or =2 mg/dL, n=0) (43.3% vs 2.5%, p<0.05). Peak CRP value was correlated with age(r=.191, p=.045), pulse rate(r=.186, p=.008), left ventricular ejection fraction(r=0.384, p<0.001), peak ESR(r=.383, p<0.001) and peak WBC count(r=.307, p=.001), but not with peak CK-MB level. CONCLUSION: Elevated CRP level in patients with acute coronary syndrome seems to be a valuable prognostic factor for the development of cardiac complications within 1 month after admission.
Acute Coronary Syndrome* ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Cytomegalovirus ; Helicobacter ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Necrosis ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Pneumonia

Doxorubicin has characteristic chemomyectomy effect of the eyelid without disturbing other eyelid structures, but the major side effect of doxorubicin is the potential for eyelid skin injury as a result of the drug's toxicity in both animal and clinical studies. Verapamil may be used to reduce the dose of doxorubicin and the number of injections that would amplify the toxic effects of doxorubicin. This study was performed to determine whether there is an increase in the toxic effect of the doxorubicin as a result of verapamil pretreatment of the muscle. After 0.5mg, 1.0mg, and 2.0mg doxorubicin was injected in lower eyelids of each group, and equal dose of doxorubicin was injected fo11owing 1.0mg of verapamil injection in lower eyelid of each group, muscle cell loss were measured by light microscopy and side effect was observed. In verapamil and doxorubicin injection group, there was significant differences in the amount of preseptal muscle and even in the pretarsal muscle than the doxorubicin injection group in all doxorubicin doses. Verapamil, injected with a range of doses of doxorubicin, caused suhstantia11y increased muscle loss in the eyelid, compared with injection of doxorubicin alone. Skin ulceration, entropion or ectropion were not visible. Clinically, verapamil cotreatment might be useful to decrease the dose of doxorubicin injected and/or the total number of injections.
Animals ; Doxorubicin* ; Ectropion ; Entropion ; Eyelids ; Microscopy ; Muscle Cells ; Skin ; Skin Ulcer ; Verapamil*

No abstract available.
Blood Flow Velocity*

OBJECTIVE: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy(ARVC) is a progressive cardiac muscle disease characterized as progressive fibrofatty replacement of the right ventricle, severe ventricular arrhythmia, and sudden death. However, there is no report of ARVC as a cause of sudden death in Korea. METHODS and RESULTS: Postmortem studies were done to 115 cases of sudden unexplained death at department of legal medicine, school of medicine, Kyungpook national university in year 1999. We identified 7 cases(6%) of typical ARVC with no other identifiable cause of sudden death. The subjects included 5 males and 2 females, ranging in age from 19 to 41 years (mean 29.7 years). All were found dead at bed (5 cases) or workshop (2 cases). Five cases were fibrofatty types and two cases were fatty types. Right ventricular aneurysm, inflammatory infiltrates and left ventricular involvement were found in 4, 2 and 1 cases, repectively. Two cases had family history of sudden death before age 40. No one was suspected of having cardiovascular disease or ARVC before death. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that ARVC in Taegu-Kyungpook area may be more frequent than previously thought. ARVC may be a major cause of sudden unexplained death.
Aneurysm ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia* ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Death, Sudden ; Education ; Female ; Forensic Medicine ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Myocardium

Familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP) is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by the development of hundreds to thounds polyps throughout the colon and rectum. Moreover, several extracolonic manifestations are seen. Recently, this disease is recognized as a adenomatous polyposis syndrome which can involve the entire astrointestinal tract. Several reports have demonstrated a high incidence of gastroduodenal polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. These colon polyps can be eventually developed as colon cancer, if not be treated. So early diagnosis is needed and prophylactic surgery should be erformed. We experienced a case of familial adenomatous polyposis with a large sentinel polyp on the sigmoid colon, presenting hematochezia and mucoid diarrhea. He was early treated before progression to carcinoma by total colectomy, rectal mucosectomy and J pouch ileoanal anastomosis.
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli* ; Colectomy ; Colon ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colonic Pouches ; Diarrhea ; Early Diagnosis ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Polyps* ; Rectum