Animals ; Diet ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; etiology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; NF-kappa B ; physiology ; Platelet Activating Factor ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Risk Factors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; physiology

The human gut harbours a certain quantity and variety of microbes called intestinal flora, which is in a state of balance under normal circumstances, and dysbacteriosis occurs when the balance of the intestinal flora is dis-turbed by the host and the changes of the external environment.Circadian clock is the biological regulation system to adapt to natural circadian rhythm, including central clock and peripheral clock.Circadian clock disturbance, particularly rotating shift-workers with irregular light-night schedules, is associated with an increased risk of immune-related diseases.The de-velopment of these diseases is closely related to intestinal dysbacteriosis.Therefore, the correlation between intestinal dys-bacteriosis and circadian clock disturbance has attracted much attention.This review aims to explore the pathophysiological basis of the development in some immune-related diseases based on the latest scientific findings about the relationship be-tween intestinal microbial flora and circadian clock.

Objective To investigate the effect of 6 % hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 200/0.5 infusion before operation on postoperative immne function in patients. Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes aged 21-58 yr weighing 47-79 kg were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 20 each): 6% HES 200/0.5 group (group H) and compound sodium acetate group (group A). 6% HES 200/0.5 10 ml/kg or compound sodium acetate solution was infused intravenously over 15 min before anesthesia induction. Anesthesia was induced with iv injection of propofol, fentanyl and vecuronium and maintained with target-controlled infusion of propofol and infusion of remifentanil. Venous blood samples were collected before operation and at 1 h, 1 day and 3 days after operation to detect the serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-10, IgG, IgA andIgM. Results Serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, II-2 and IL-10 were significantly higher after operation in the two groups, and serum concentrations of IgA and IgG were significantly lower after operation in group A than those before operation ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ). Serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were significantly lower, while serum concentrations of IL-2, IL-10, IgA and IgG were significantly higher after operation in group H than in group A ( P ＜0.05). Conclusion Preoperative infusion with 6% HES 200/0.5 can improve the immune function after operation in patients.

Objective: This study was undertaken to explore the effect of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) on failing heart after myocardial ischemia. By detecting the changes of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels within 6 hours after the implantation of LVAD, we review the basis on which neurohormones may be used to determine prognoses of failing heart and choose an optimal predictor. Methods: 15 adult healthy dogs were divided into 3 groups randomly. The LVAD was implanted in LA-AO bypass in all three groups. Myocardial ischemia was induced by ligating the main left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). In group A, after a ligation of 10 minutes, the myocardium was reperfused for 6 hours. In group B, after a ligation of 40 minutes, the myocardium was reperfused for 6 hours. In group C, after a ligation of 40 minutes, the LVAD was used for LV support for 6 hours. Results: After 6 hours reperfusion,in group C, the hemodynamics was significantly improved, the ANP, BNP and cTnI were return to normal level, and myocardial ultrastructure was recovered significantly. While in group B, the hemodynamic, the neurohormones, and myocardial ultrastructure were worse. Relational analysis demonstrated that ANP and cTnI levels were influenced by hemodynamics obviously, but there was a weak relationship between circulating BNP and hemodynamics. Plasma BNP level was able to identify the cardiac function status. Conclusion: LVAD can be beneficial to improve cardiac function and can reduce the plasma levels of ANP, BNP and cTnI. Plasma BNP level can identify the cardiac function status. Those findings indicated that plasma BNP determination provides important prognostic information about cardiac function and may be a better prognostic indicator.

The pathogen of Kawasaki disease(KD) is still unknown although infection is considered as the most possibility factor.However epidemiologic studies showed that genetic background might be a main factor in the onset of KD.The recent papers on gene polymorphism including angiotensin-convertion enzyme,nitric oxide synthase and cytokine related with KD were searched and analyzed in this review.

NF-?B, a group of important transcription factors, are introduced and discussed here on several aspects: their component and molecular structure; their activity control by I?B and IKK, the mechanism of their activation; their important roles in transcriptional regulation for large numbers of genes; and their importance in immunity, inflammation, cell survival, proliferation and apoptosis. The analysis of the relation between NF-?B and disease occurrence, the analysis of the relation between NF-?B and disease therapy, and the application prospect of the new strategy regarding the novel drug design and correlative diseases therapy on the basis of NF-?B as the target, are also included.

To explore the pathogenicity of VEG strain Toxoplasma gondii oocysts on China Kunming mice,T.gondii oocysts of ＜ 1 and 102-108 were chosen to feed the mice orally.And the modified agglutination test (MAT),H&E and IHC were used to check the infection of mice.The infection rate,the survival rate of mice,and number of cysts in brain were analyzed.Results showed that 100％ of the mice fed with ≥102 oocysts were infected,the minimum lethal dose was 102 oocysts and the 100％ lethal dose was 108 oocysts.The time of death in acute infection was 7 DPI to 14 DPI.T.gondii cysts formation rate was 32.14％ (9/28),and the number of cysts was 9 to 857 per mouse.The survival rate of infected mice was 67.44％ (29/43),and the longest survival time was more than 390 DPI.Accordingly,the virulence of T.gondii VEG strain is medium,and has a higher cysts formation rate.

The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors.Patients with hepatobiliary cancer suffer from multiple symptoms,such as physical symptoms and psychology symptoms.In recent years,along with the further research of symptoms,the concept of symptom clusters occurred.Those two issues have always been the hot topics in recent years.Through the efforts of experts at home and abroad,there has been a part of progress in this area.However,the results are not the same.There are lots of disputes in the numbers、sequence、incidences of the symptom clusters.The paper will discuss this issue from symptom experience and symptom clusters in order to provide the reference and basis for symptom management.

In order to explore the effects of Panax notoginoside (PNS) on the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and Smad-7 in renal tissues of diabetes, a rat model of diabetic nephropathy was set up by intravenous injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group, diabetic control group, group treated by PNS at low-dosage (PL), group treated by PNS at high-dosage (PH) and group treated by catopril (C), respectively. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), renal index, endogenous creatinine clearance rate (C(Cr)) and urinary albumin (UAlb) in 24 h were examined after 6 weeks. Meanwhile, the expressions of TGF-β1 and Smad7 in renal tissues were immunohistochemically dectected. At the end of the sixth week, FBG, renal index, C(cr), UAlb were all elevated significantly in control group (P<0.01). The expression of TGF-β1 protein was increased while Smad7 protein decreased in renal tissue (P<0.01). However, the treatment with PNS reversed the aforementioned changes in renal tissues of diabetic rats. These results indicate that PNS possess a protective effect on the kidney of diabetic rats and it might protect kidney by inhibiting the expression of TGF-β1 protein and enhancing the expression of Smad7 protein.