No abstract available.
Adolescent* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor*

The pupose of this study is to verify the role of urinary sodium in transient renal acidification defect which frequently combine acute infantile gastroenteritis. We studied on twenty-five infants, 2month to 36 month of age, during the 4 month period, from August, 1991 to December, 1991. The patients had acidosis for a mean of 3 days and sixty urine samples were collected during this period. The mean pH of 23 rine samples with sodium concentration<10 mmol/L was significantly higher than pH of 37 samples with sodium concentration<10 mmol/L, We separately analyzed 15 urine samples collected during metabolic acidosis after completion. of rehydration. The result was that a urinary acidification defent was observed in the urine samples with low sodium concentration but not in the sodium rich samples. We concluded that impaired urinary acidification defect is frequently during metabolic acidosis in infants with acute gastroenteritis and results from a sodium deficit rather than from transient distal renal tublur acidosis.
Acidosis ; Fluid Therapy ; Gastroenteritis* ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Infant ; Sodium*

PURPOSE: Although influenza is regarded as one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children with cancer, the actual vaccine coverage remains poor. We conducted evaluation of immunogenicity and safety of influenza vaccine in children with cancer. METHODS: In this study, 25 children with cancer who received influenza vaccine (SK influenza IX vaccine(R)) at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital between October and December 2009 were analyzed. Blood samples of patients were collected twice (at the beginning of this study and at 30th day after vaccination) and their antibody titers were measured using the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay. Immunogenicity of the influenza vaccine was assessed by seroprotection rate on days 0 and 30, seroconversion rate on day 30, and mean fold increase (MFI) of geometric mean titer (GMT) of HI between days 0 and 30. RESULTS: Any of the subjects in our study did not experienced serious adverse events after influenza vaccination. Seroprotection rates were 68% for H1N1, 40% for H3N2, and 36% for B. Seroconversion rates were 12% for H1N1, 16% for H3N2, and 20% for B. MFIs were 0.9 for H1N1, 1.2 for H3N2, and 1.8 for B. CONCLUSION: In the study, we found a limited protective immune response to influenza vaccine, among subjects with cancer. However, some subjects showed seroconversion, and there were no severe adverse events among all subjects, supporting the recommendation of annual influenza vaccination in children with cancer.
Child ; Humans ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human ; Korea ; Vaccination

No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Tubal* ; Sterilization, Tubal*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Gynecology* ; Laparoscopy*

Post-menopausal osteoporosis is known to be related to estrogen deficiency. The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate whether or not estrogen administration can prevent or retard the process of osteoporosis induced by oophorectomy in rats. Fifty-two Sprague-Dawley rats, aged five months, were separated into three groups. Group 1 (4 rats) was control group that had sham operation without oophorectomy. Goup 2 (32 rats) was another control group that had bilateral oophorectomy alone. Group 3 (16 rats) was experimental group that had estradiol administration from the fourth week through the eighth week after bilateral oophorectomy. In group 1, all the rats were killed at the fourth week after sham operation. In group 2 and group 3, four rats in each group were killed weekly until the eighth week after oophorectomy. All the animals were subjected to radiological, histological studies on the tibia, ilium, skull, and the sixth lumbar vertebra. Also, histomorphometric measurements were 1. Osteoporotic changes were evident from the fifth week after oophorectomy and increased with time on the radiologic examination in group 2. In contrast, osteoporotic changes were evident from the second week after oophorectomy and progressed with time on the histological and histomorphometric studies in group 2. 2. After administration of estradiol, osteoporotic changes which include thinning of the cortex, decrease of the amount of trabeculae were partially restored on the radiological, histological studies in group 3. 3. Histomorphometric study revealed that the trabecular area percent (the proportion of total area of the trabeculae from the whole metaphyseal area), decreased progressively through the eight week after oophorectomy in gorup 2. Whereas the trabecular area percents of group 3 were higher than those of group 2, but still lower than initial value before oophorectomy. Based on the above observations, estradiol administration appeared to delay the progression of the osteoporotic changes induced by oophorectomy in rats.
Animals ; Estradiol ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Ilium ; Osteoporosis ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; Ovariectomy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skull ; Spine ; Tibia

PURPOSE: The prevalence of developmental delay is 5-10% of the total pediatric population and early diagnosis and proper intervention are essential but a challenge for clinicians. We performed this study for several purposes. First is to know the distribution & characteristics of developmental disorders in Korea. Second is to identify all possible causes of these disorders through a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach, and thus to find out the clinical variables that are helpful in finding the etiology. And finally to develop a useful protocol that eliminates the cost of unnecessary tests and raises the diagnostic rate of the cause. METHODS: 518 patients(M 349, F 169) were studied who visited Ilsan Hospital Developmental Disorder Clinic(DDC) for the evaluation of developmental delay from April 2001 to Jan 2005. RESULTS: The mean age was 51.5+/-32.9 months, ranging from 2 months to 16.0 years of age with a majority of the preschool children(<6 yr)(79.3%). Phenomenological diagnosis consisted of 133 cases of mental retardation, 122 cases of autistic disorders, 101 cases of delayed language disorders, 27 cases of cerebral palsies, and 91 cases labeled as simple developmental delay requiring follow up due to age less than 2 years of age. Etiologic diagnosis was obtained in 119 cases(22.9%) out the 518 cases of developmental delays. 37 cases of chromosomal anomalies, 23 cases of Periventricular leukomalacia and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, 21 cases of syndromes, 7 cases of malformation of cortical development, 4 cases of myopathies, 4 cases of neuropathies, and 4 cases of cerebral infarctions were found. Among the clinical variables, low birth weight, facial dysmorphism, hypotonia, focal neurologic signs, and abnormalities in MRI, chromosome, EEG and EMG studies contributed to the yields of etiologic diagnosis significantly. CONCLUSION: Possible etiology was determined in about 23% of the subjects. The most important part of the assessment for the identification of etiology is thorough history taking, physical and neurologic examination. Neuroimaging study is useful in case of micro or macrocephaly, focal neurologic signs. Genetic studies increasingly produce a yield, when there is family history of inherited disorder and there are dysmorphic features. Routine metabolic screening test has limited utility. Development of a useful screening protocol adequate for Korean situation is required.
Cerebral Infarction ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Electroencephalography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Intellectual Disability ; Korea ; Language Disorders ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular ; Macrocephaly ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mass Screening ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Muscular Diseases ; Neuroimaging ; Neurologic Examination ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Paralysis ; Prevalence

Objective: Medical accidents have resulted in actual harm for patients, been costly for health care system, and diminished trust for both patients and practitioners. The present study analyzed malpractice claims related to accidents in psychiatric inpatient units. Methods: This study analyzed defendants, cases and plaintiffs or patients characteristics, degrees of injury, and types of accidents in 85 civil malpractice suits filed from 2005 to 2015 with a focus on the methods and locations of suicides. Results: Most defendants were psychiatrists (n=43). Of the 85 cases, 56 (65.9%) were decided in favor of the plaintiff, most commonly on the grounds of negligence and violation of sound facility management principles. The most common diagnosis of patients was schizophrenia (n=31). The damages were deaths in 52 cases and injuries or other damages in the remaining 33 cases. The most common accident was suicide (n=28), followed by escape attempts (n=15). The most common suicide method was hanging (n=21), which was usually committed in the private room using objects like door handles. Conclusion To reduce medical accidents, medical staff should monitor high-risk patients closely and constantly. Sufficient numbers of well-trained personnel are required to meet this standard. Reducing environmental hazards such as removing anchor points and installing door locking systems will improve patient safety.

No abstract available.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Gonadotropins* ; Leiomyoma*