No abstract available.

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: The positive reactions of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) show varying degrees in the tissue of all sweat gland neoplasms by immunohistochemistry. The CEA secreted from sweat glands presents a high value, compared with that of serum. OBJECTIVE: The study was to evaluate the sweat CEA value in relation to serum CEA value by sex, smoking status and blood type in healthy subjects. METHOD: Fifty-two healthy subjects(M : 43, F :9) aged 21-30, participated in the study. 2ml sweat was collected from the face and chest after intense exercises and 3ml blood was collected from their antecubital veins. Roche Core CEA enzyme immunoassay was used for the measurement of sweat and serum CEA. RESULTS: Sweat CEA values were 102.0+4100.5ng/ml in males and 70.6+458.5ng/ml in females, with their mean valueof 96.6+/-94.9ng/ml. Sweat CEA values were 108.3+/-103.5ng/ml in 27 smokers and 83.9+/-84.8ng/ml in 25 nonsmokers(p>0.05, t-test). Sweat CEA values were higher among the males and the smokers. Serum CEA values were 2.5+/-1.7ng/ml in males and 1.6+/-0.8ng/ml in females, with its mean value of 2.4+/-1.6ng/ml. There was no difference between serum values of smokers and nonsmokers. Sweat CEA values were about 40 times higher than those of serum, with no correlation of sweat and serum CEA(correlation coefficient=-0.16, P>0.05). In the blood type study, sweat CEA values were 123.1+/-131.8ng/ml in A type and 66.1+/-55.0ng/ml in B type(P>0.05), whereas serum CEA values were higher in AB type and lower in O type(P<0.05, ANOVA). CONCLUSION: Sweat CEA values are extraordinarily high in contradistinction to serum. Sweat CEA values are not affected by sex, smoking status and blood type. There seems to be no association between CEA values of sweat and serum.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen* ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Sweat Gland Neoplasms ; Sweat Glands ; Sweat* ; Thorax ; Veins

No abstract available.
Posterior Cruciate Ligament*

No abstract available.
Tibia*

The most commonly used graft source for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is the autogenous bone- patellar tendon-bone graft unit. Despite a good success record, intraoperative technical errors and postoperative complications have been known. Author analyzed intraoperative technical errors and postoperative complications, in 44 patients who were treated at the department of orthopaedic surgery, chosun university hospital from Jan. 1994 to Jun. 1996. The most common intraoperative technical errors was screw graft divergency in 5 cases. Other intraoperative technical errors were too anteriorly location of femoral tunnel in 1 case, too anteriorly location of tibial k femora) tunne.l both in 1 case, graft tunnel mismatching in 1 case, graft pullout in 1 case and partial destruction of posterior cortex of femoral tunnel in 1 case, fracture of the bone plug in 1 case. The most common postoperative complication was patellar tendinitis in 20 cases (45.5%). Other postoperative complications were anterior knee pain in 14 case. (31.8%), patellar crepitation in 12 cases (27.3%), quadriceps atrophy in 9 cases (20.5%), arthrofibrosis in 3 cases and graft failure in 2 cases. Author concluded the causes of intraoperative complications were technical errors, and anteriorly location of graft tunnel is most influenced factor to final fuctional results. To eliminate the postoperative complications, intraoperative technical errors should be avoided and also accelerated rehabilitation should be done.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; Atrophy ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; Knee ; Patellar Ligament* ; Postoperative Complications* ; Rehabilitation ; Tendinopathy ; Transplants

Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with bone-patella tendon-bone has been commonly using for ACL insufficient patients. Bone-patellar tendon-bone graft is a strong intra-articular substitute, which allows, by means of its bony end, a rigid fixation with early bone to hone healing. As a counterpart, potentially serious cornplications & donor site morbidity has been reported, such as patella fracture & patella tendon avulsion, anterior knee pain, patella tendinitis, dcmor site pain and bone defect. We suppose tightly packing the donor site bony defect with hetrograft (Lubboc) may be also useful. So, we analyzed the morphological change in bony defect and donor site morbidity between the group of non-replaced bony defect and the group of replaced bony defect using by heterograft (Lubboc). We replaceJ hetrograft into the patellar side bony defect in 15 knees and left alone in l5 knees. The average follow up period was 17 months. The results werc as follows: 1. Nearly norma1 appearance on the bony defect showed at the long tenn follow up roentgenogram in the group of replaced hetrograft, but scalloping on the pateltar bomp defect was seen in non-replaced group. 2. Donor site morbidity (pain or patellai tendinitis) was developed 8 knees in the replaced group, and 7 knees in the non-rep)aced group. 3. We conclude that the filled in the bony defect hy hone graft (heterografl:) can not decrease the donor site morbidi ty.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Grafts ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heterografts* ; Humans ; Knee ; Patella ; Patellar Ligament* ; Pectinidae ; Tendinopathy ; Tissue Donors* ; Transplants

There is a great difference of opinion regarding the treatment of intraarticular fractures of the calcaneus. Many authors suggested that there are essentially four basic methods of treatment, but the choice of treatment depends on the surgeons preference, the type of fracture, and the age of the patient. We obtained the following results in 11 cases of calcaneal fractures involving subtalar joint which were treated by axial fixation at our hospital from 1977 to 1981. 1. The favourable results were obtained in 5 cases of 6 feet of tongue type fractures and in 3 cases of 5 feet of joint depression fractures. 2. Even if the joint depression type fracture which is not severely comminuted, the treatment with axial fixation is thought to be good method. 3. Axial fixation must be tried in three faces of reduction which are reestablishment of Bohler angle and subtalar joint and reduction of lateral bulging of calcaneus. The results were more excellent in which reduction is achieved near anatomical position.
Calcaneus ; Clinical Study ; Depression ; Foot ; Humans ; Intra-Articular Fractures ; Joints ; Methods ; Subtalar Joint ; Surgeons ; Tongue

In the fractures and dislocations of the carpus, prompt and accurate diagnosis is the prime prerequisite for restoring function to this most complicated joint in the body. And then, early precise reduction and continuous maintenance of the reduced position until ligamentous and bone healing is complete provide the best chance of achieving a satisfactory restoration of function. We analysed forty five cases of fractures and dislocations of the carpus which were treated for 5 years from Jan. 1984 to Dec. 1988 at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University. The following results were obtained; l. Of the total 45 injuries, scaphoid fractures were seen in 32(71.1%), other carpal bone fractures except scaphoid in 13 patients(28.9%), and carpal bone dislocation and fracture- dislocations in 11 patients(24.4%). 2. Carpal scaphoid fracture 1) 19 of the 32 patients(59.4%) had an associated ipsilateral upper extremity injury. 2) This fracture was common in the young male. 3) A union rate(95.6%) was achieved using a usual conservative treatment for undisplaced racture(14), operative treatment for displaced(18). 4) The mean time to radiological union for all fractures was 11.1 weeks. Old fracture by SotoHall classification took the longest time to union(18.2 weeks), subacute fracture 13 weeks, and acute fracture 9 weeks. 5) 10 cases were treated for nonunion, 5 of 10 nonunions were classified as type (50%). 2 cases showed ultimately nonunion in spite of various sorts of treatment, which belonged to waist fracture. 3. Other carpal bone fractures except scaphoid were seen in 13(15 bones) of 45 injuries, and pisiform(4) and triquetrum(4) fractures were common. 4. Carpal dislocation and fracture-dislocations were seen in 11 of the 45 injuries and dorsal transscaphoid perilunate dislocations(4) were common. These were treated by C.R. and cast immobilization or O.R. and K-wire fixation relatively good results were obtained.
Carpal Bones ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Diagnosis ; Dislocations ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Joints ; Ligaments ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Upper Extremity

The purpose of this paper is to compare the results, complications, advantages and disadvantages of treatment by flexible intramedullary nail with those by interlocked intramedullary nail in humeral shaft fractures. The authors analyzed 42 cases of humeral shaft fractures in patients who were treated by intramedullary nailing. Nineteen patients were treated with flexible I-M nail and twenty three patients were treated with interlocked I-M nail. Fourteen cases(74%) treated with flexible I-M nail were obtained primary bone union, and twenty one cases(91%) treated with interlocked I-M nail were obtained primary bone union. Five cases treated with flexible I-M nail and 2 cases treated with interlocked I-M nail failed union and the most common cause of nonunion was distraction. Flexible I-M nailing does not solve rotational deformity and could't obtain a high union rate due to distraction. Therefore, we recommend that adequate external support is considered to prevent distraction using the flexible I-M nail. Although we obtained a satisfactory union rate using by Seidel interlocked I-M nail, we must observe the distal spreading screw loosening during the follow up period. In bones with small diameter, sufficient reaming may be necessary, because the distal spreading screw can't spread well.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Humans