OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of New cervicography by comparing cervicographic finding with Papanicolaou smear and result of colposcopically directed biopsy. METHODS: This study group consisted of 189 patients who visited the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung-Ang University Pildong Hospital from September 1998 to August 1999. All women simultaneously underwent Papanicolaou smear and New cervicography. If either method was positive, the patient was referred for colposcopically directed biopsy. RESULTS: The New cervicography was significantly more sensitive than the Papanicolaou smear(92.2% vs 60.8%, p<0.01), whereas the Papanicolaou smear was significantly more specific than the New cervicography(99.3% vs 75.0%, p<0.05). The false positive rate of New cervicography was 75%, significantly higher than 0.7% of Papanicolaou smear. There was no significant difference between the negative predictive value of cervicography and Papanicolaou smear. When New cervicography and Papanicolaou smear were used together, the sensitivity was significantly higher than Papanicolaou smear used alone(98.1% vs 60.8%, p<0.01) and false negative rate was significantly lower than Papanicolaou smear(1.9% vs 39.2%, p<0.01). However the specificity, positive predictive value of the combined test were lower than Papanicolaou smear. CONCLUSION: Cervicography is one of the Papanicolaou smear adjunctive tests and a useful method to detect cervical cancer. Our study confirms the previously suspected low sensitivity of Papanicolaou smear and demonstrate that cervicography is more sensitive than Papanicolaou smear and less specific. From the above results, when New cervicography and Papanicolaou smear were used together, the detection rate of cervical cancer will be increased more easily since the cases missed by one method may be picked up by another.
Biopsy ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Obstetrics ; Papanicolaou Test ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

A new crush anastomosis model which can be evaluated as crush energy was established on the femoral artery and vein of the rats weighing 250g on the average. The degrees of vessel injury were evaluated as crush energy. The arteries underwent the crush injury with the energy of 0.3J, 0.4J, 0.5J, while the reins were crushed with the energy of 0.2J, 0.3J, 0.4J respectively then the vessels in each group were divided and anastomoses by a standard microsurgical technique. Saline and heparin were used as a luminal topical agent and systemic one, which allowed contact with the damaged endothelium. The heparin treated group had a patency rate of 95%(0.3J), 87.5%(0.4J), 40%(0.5J) vs. 55%(0.3J), 15%(0.4J), 10%(0.5J) in the saline irrigated group in the femoral arteries, which had the patency rate of 82.5%(0.2J), 72.5%(0.3J), 42.5%(0.4J) vs. 35%(0.2J), 12.5%(0.3J), 7.5%(0.4J) in the saline irrigated group in the femoral vein at 1 day. There was a energy-related decrease in patency rate. These findings indicate that the crush model of 0.4J in the rat femoral artery, 0.3J in the rat femoral vein is a reliable and reproducible thrombosis model. The model described in this study is to be used to evaluate and assess the ability of antithrombotic agent in preventing thrombosis at the anastomotic site.
Animals ; Arteries ; Endothelium ; Femoral Artery ; Femoral Vein ; Heparin ; Phenobarbital ; Rats* ; Thrombosis ; Veins

No Abstract Available.
Lasers, Excimer* ; Myopia* ; Photorefractive Keratectomy*

We evaluated 1,000 consecutive endometrial curettage samples obtained over a 30 month period. The clinico-pathologic correlation was analysed according to Hendrickson's five criteria based on the practical view. The causes of uterine bleeding in decreasing order of occurrence were as follows: 1) hormonal imbalance lesions (49.2%) encompassing glandular and stromal breakdown suggesting anovulatory bleeding, proliferative phase endometrium, and disordered proliferative endometrium, 2) pregnancy associated lesions (24.2%), 3) organic lesions (13.5%), 4) endometrial hyperplasia (6.9%), and 5) inadequate specimen (6.2%). According to age, pregnancy related lesions were most frequent in the third decade. In the fourth, fifth, and sixth decades, hormonal imbalance lesions were the most common cause. In approximately 30% of the samples, there were two or three morphologic patterns such as anovulatory bleeding with an endometrial polyp, postabortal bleeding with inflammation, and glandular-stromal dissociation with a polyp, which suggested there was a variable histologic morphology in the same disease spectrum. Using immunohistochemical techniques we studied the hormonal dependency of bcl-2 oncoprotein in anovulatory bleeding, endometrial hyperplasia, and proliferative endometrium. 70% of anovulatory bleeding specimens showed weak positivity in the epithelial cytoplasm, and all cases of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma showed a strong positivity. These results suggest that there is a estrogenic hormonal dependency of apoptosis in the endometrium.
Apoptosis ; Biopsy* ; Curettage ; Cytoplasm ; Endometrial Hyperplasia ; Endometrium* ; Estrogens ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Inflammation ; Polyps ; Pregnancy ; Uterine Hemorrhage*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Fever* ; Humans

No abstract available.

Percutaneous coronary angioplasty is well established therapeutic modality in the management of coronary artery disease. However, the high restenosis rate of 30 to 50% limits its usefulness. The principal mechanism of restenosis, ntimalhyperplasia, is the proliferative response of vessel wall to injury, which consists largely of smooth muscle cells. A large body of animal investigations and a limited number of clinical studies have established the ability of ionizing radiation to reduce neointimal proliferation and restenosis rate significantly. Human studies have been reported that intravascular radiation after first restenosis inhibits a second restenosis. Encouraged by these reports, we are also conducting a double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial to evaluate this new therapeutic modality in patients with coronary artery stenosis. The objective of our trial is to determine the safety and efficacy of catheter-based solutional beta emitting radioisotope system in preventing restenosis after angioplasty. This review describes the vascular brachytherapy systems and isotopes that have been utilized in the initial clinical trials performed in this area of post PTCA coronary restenosis. The results of many worldwide ongoing clinical trials will determine whether this new technology will change the future practice of vascular intervention.
Angioplasty* ; Animals ; Brachytherapy ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Restenosis ; Coronary Stenosis ; Humans ; Isotopes ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Radiation, Ionizing

Primary carcinoma of the bile ducts is an uncommon lesion that is difficult to diagnosis in early stage. Correct diagnosis with determination of site and extent of the carcinoma is essential for proper management. Authors presented 35 cases of bile duct carcinoma, confirmed at Seoul National University Hospital from 1978 to 1981, and analyzed their clinical and radiological findings. The results were as follows; 1. The 6th decade was the predilection age, and the ratio of male to female was 4:3. 2. The locations of bile duct carcinomas were common bile duct in 31%, porta hepatis in 26%, junction in 17%, diffuse involvement in 17%, and common hepatic duct in 9% in order of frequency. 3. Ultrasonography was done in 31 cases. Dilatation of intrahepatic ducts was noticed in 28 cases. Among the 28 cases, correct diagnosis as bile duct carcinoma were made in 5 cases. Proximal obstructive patterns were observed in 14 cases and distal obstructive patterns in 9 cases. 4. ERCP was done in 15cases. Successful studies of ERCP were done in 8 cases of them. Among the cases, diagnosis as bile duct carcinoma were made in 4 cases. 5. PTC was done in 20 cases and successful in all of them. Correct diagnosis as bile duct carcinoma were made in 16 cases and the diagnostic accuracy was 80%.
Bile Ducts ; Bile ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Common Bile Duct ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Female ; Hepatic Duct, Common ; Humans ; Male ; Seoul ; Ultrasonography

The purposes of this study were to test the negative association between schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis(RA) and to clarify the role of prolactin and estrogen as protective factors in this association. The author compared the prevalence rate of RA between 561 patients with schizophrenia and 222 patients with mood disorder. For investigating the role of estrogen and prolactin, the author checked the plasma prolactin and estradiol level in 80 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 77 patients with RA. The results were as follows. 1) Epidemiological data The prevalence rate of RA in the schizophrenic group was 0/561 and that of RA in the mood disorder group was 2/222. To compare these results between two groups, the author applied the Binomial test using the average prevalence rate of RA(0.8%) in the general population as a reference rate. The prevalence rate of RA in the schizophrenic group was significantly lower than that of RA in the general population. However, the prevalence rate of RA in the mood disorder group was not significantly different to that of RA in the general population. 2) Comparison of plasma prolactin and estradiol level between two groups. The plasma level of prolactin in the schizophrenic group was significantly higher than that of prolactin in th RA group(p=0.000). However, the plasma level of estradiol in the schizophrenic group was significantly lower than that of estradiol in the RA group(p=0.017). These results were not consistent across gender. To contrast with the results in the female group, which were consistent with the results in the total subjects, for the male group, the plasma levels of prolactin and estradiol in the schizophrenic group were significantly higher than those of prolactin and estradiol in th RA group. These results support the results of previous studies which confirm the negative association between schizophrenia and RA. These results also suggest that the elevation of plasma prolactin level in the patient with schizophrenia has a antirheumatic effect while the elevation of plasma estradiol level in the patients with RA has a anti-schizophrenic effect, and that these effects act as a possible mechanism in the negative association between two disorders. However, these results suggest that this association is specific to female patients.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Epidemiology* ; Estradiol ; Estrogens* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mood Disorders ; Plasma ; Prevalence ; Prolactin* ; Schizophrenia* ; Schizophrenia, Paranoid

No abstract available.
Fetal Development* ; Pregnancy*