We investigated differences in clinical findings among normal-tension glaucoma(NTG)patients between those with wedge-shaped nerve fiber layer(NFL)defect and with diffuse atrophy. Forty-one eyes of patients with NTG having diurnal intraocular pressure < 21mmHg, glaucomatous visual field defect, optic disc analysis with Heidelberg Retina Tomograph(HRT), and brain magnetic resonance imaging were divided into wedge-shaped defect group and diffuse atrophy group according to the types of NFL atrophy. We found no difference between two groups in the mean deviation of visual field, area of peripapillary atrophy measured with HRT, and presence of peripapillary atrophy. The patients with diffuse atrophy were older than those with wedge-shaped defect(p=0.01). The intraocular pressure was slightly higher (p=0.02)and maximal cup depth was larger(p=0.03)in patients with wedge-shaped defect compared with diffuse atrophy. Cerebral small vessel disease was more frequent in patients with diffuse atrophy than with wedge-shaped defect(p=0.02). This study suggests that cerebral small vessel disease is more common in patients with diffuse atrophy and potentially suggests indirectly ischemia may cause more diffuse damage than localized damage in patients with NTG.
Atrophy* ; Brain ; Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Ischemia ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Nerve Fibers ; Retina ; Visual Fields

BACKGROUND: Common and effective treatments for calcific tendinitis involve needling procedures. However, it has been widespread practice to refer patients with calcific tendinitis, which is a predominantly orthopedic condition, to radiology department. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical and radiological outcomes after ultrasound-guided needling for calcific tendinitis between the orthopedics and radiology department. METHODS: Seventy-seven shoulders (Group 1) and 38 shoulders (Group 2) treated in the radiology and orthopedic department, respectively. A fellowship-trained orthopedic surgeon and a musculoskeletal radiologist each performed the procedure of ultrasound-guided needle decompression with subacromial steroid injection. Clinical outcomes was evaluated using the visual analogue scale for pain (pVAS) and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) shoulder score before treatment and at each follow-up. The pre- and post-needling size and shape of the calcific deposits were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: We analyzed a total of 56 shoulders for Group 1 and 32 shoulders for Group 2. The mean age and sex ratio of the patients no significantly different. We found that the mean decrease in the diameter of calcification between pre- and post-needling was 9.0 mm for Group 1 and 13.1 mm for Group 2; the difference was significantly larger in Group 2 than in Group 1. Both groups showed improved pVAS and ASES scores after needling but the extent of these improvements did not differ with the type of operator. CONCLUSIONS: Needling decompression performed by orthopedic surgeons could a viable option for the treatment of calcific tendinitis.

No abstract available.
Asthma*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hypoglycemia* ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn* ; Iron*

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to evaluate the surgical outcomes of plate fixation using autologous iliac bone graft shaped in the form of a matchstick in clavicle nonunion resulting from prior surgical or non-surgical management. METHODS: From May 2005 to February 2013, 17 patients underwent surgery for clavicle nonunion. The mean age at the time of surgery was 48.8 years. The iliac bone was harvested and shaped into slivers approximately 3 cm long, which resembled matchsticks. After opening of the medullary canal, the plate and screws were applied and cancellous bone was placed at the nonunion site. Matchstick bone grafts which were longitudinally placed and encircled on the nonunion site were tied with periosteum using 3–4 stitches. Union was determined via postoperative plane X-ray. Clinical status was evaluated using the visual analogue scale score for pain, and Constant and American Shoulder Elbow Surgeon score. RESULTS: All patients had a stable radiological union at the follow-up. The mean duration from index operation to nonunion operation was 13.2 months (7–32 months). The mean follow-up period was 20.1 months (8–56 months), and the mean duration until union was 11.2 weeks (8–16 weeks). All clinical scores were improved at the final follow-up (p<0.001). The mean segmental defect was 3.3 ± 2.6 mm (1–18 mm); and the difference in clavicular length between operative and non-operative site was 5.9 ± 6.9 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Matchstick shaped autologous iliac bone grafting technique in clavicle nonunion is acceptable with a high union rate.
Bone Transplantation ; Clavicle* ; Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Periosteum ; Shoulder ; Transplants

Malignant Meningioma is rare and its initial clinical course tends to be short but otherwise indistinguishable from that of benign meningioma. And although it has been noted that many of them have propensities for invading the dural venous sinuses, the skull, and even extracranial tissues by direct spread, there seems little tendency for these to metastases. The changes of recurrence and eventual death are high in malignant meningioma. Recently we have experienced a case of malignant meningioma involving the right frontal bone and frontal lobe with infiltration to the adjacent structures.
Frontal Bone* ; Frontal Lobe* ; Meningioma* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence ; Skull

Malignant Meningioma is rare and its initial clinical course tends to be short but otherwise indistinguishable from that of benign meningioma. And although it has been noted that many of them have propensities for invading the dural venous sinuses, the skull, and even extracranial tissues by direct spread, there seems little tendency for these to metastases. The changes of recurrence and eventual death are high in malignant meningioma. Recently we have experienced a case of malignant meningioma involving the right frontal bone and frontal lobe with infiltration to the adjacent structures.
Frontal Bone* ; Frontal Lobe* ; Meningioma* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence ; Skull

No abstract available.
Copper* ; Female ; Humans ; Intrauterine Devices*

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate applicability of the Qraycam device for detecting caries and filling body during tooth examinations. METHODS: Fifty-two subjects aged 25 to 34 years were recruited for tooth examination. Two examiners (an epidemiologic expert and a non-expert) performed visual tooth examination using only dental operating light, dental mirror, and air-drying without a dental explorer. Pictures or videos of every tooth surface were obtained under visual ray and 405 nm blue ray, respectively, by using Qraycam. The two examiners then evaluated these videos or images more than 7 days after visual examination. RESULTS: The results of the visual, visible ray image, and 405 nm blue ray image examinations showed very good kappa agreement with the gold standard for both examiners. The 405 nm blue ray image examination showed higher kappa agreement than visible ray image examination, and was similar to visual examination. Accuracy of detecting caries was enhanced by using 405 nm blue ray images from Qraycam. Accuracy of detecting filling body on 405 nm blue ray image examination was almost same as that by visual examination. CONCLUSIONS: Tooth examination with Qraycam images revealed high agreement with the gold standard and showed accuracy for detecting caries and filling body. Therefore, Qraycam would enhance the quality of oral epidemiologic survey including tooth examination and save cost and time of survey.
ROC Curve ; Tooth*

BACKGROUND: Cell cycle progression is governed by cell cycle regulators and inhibitors such as the cyclin dependent kinases (CDK), p27(Kip1), p21(WAF1/Cip1) and p53. The purpose of this study was to correlate expressions of p34(cdc2), p27(Kip1), p21(WAF1/Cip1) and p53 with the various clinicopathologic prognostic parameters of human breast cancers. METHODS: The paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 102 patients with human breast carcinomas were examined by performing immunohistochemical staining. The primary antibodies used for immunohistochemical staining were mouse monoclonal antibody to human p34(cdc2), p27(Kip1), p21(WAF1/Cip1), p53, ER and PR. RESULTS: The expression rates of p34(cdc2), p21(WAF1/Cip1) and p53 were 29.3%, 40.2% and 49.1% in breast carcinomas, respectively. In normal breast tissues, p34(cdc2), p21(WAF1/Cip1) and p53 were not expressed. The p34(cdc2) was expressed in the cytoplasm of cancer cells. The expression rate of p27(Kip1) was 29.3% in breast carcinomas and 100% in normal breast tissues, so the loss of p27(Kip1) expression in breast cancer was noted. The high expression of p21(WAF1/Cip1) in neoplastic cells was associated with the p53 expression (p=0.03). The expression of p27(Kip1) was correlated with that of the progesterone receptor (PR) (p=0.04) and the expression of p21(WAF1/Cip1) was correlated with that of positivity for estrogen receptor (ER) (p=0.04) and PR (p=0.04). No correlation was demonstrated between the mean patient survival and the expression rate of p34(cdc2), p27(Kip1), p21(WAF1/Cip1) and p53. CONCLUSIONS: The loss of the normal cell growth cycle by the abnormal expression of cyclin dependent kinases and their inhibitors and the steroid hormones may play an important role in human breast carcinogenesis. The p53 dependent p21(WAF1/Cip1) pathway, the p27(Kip1) protein loss and the cdc2 overexpression were important in development and progression of human breast cancer.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Cycle ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ; Cytoplasm ; Estrogens ; Humans* ; Mice ; Receptors, Progesterone