No abstract available.
Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Peritonitis*

No abstract available.
Absorptiometry, Photon* ; Bone Density* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

PURPOSE: To evaluate high-resolution CT(HRCT) findings of the miliary tuberculosis and their significancy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We retrospectively studied clinical records, HRCT and chest radiographs of 14 patients with miliary tuberculosis. RESULTS: On HRCT, nodules were seen in all 14 cases, 10 of them evenly, and 4 were irregularly distributed. The size of each nodule was less than 1 mm in 7 cases, 1 --2ram in 6 cases, and 3mm or more in 1 case. The ground - glass opacity was accompanied in 8 cases, and fine reticular opacity was also noted in 8 cases. Other associated findings were pleural effusion (n=4), hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy (n=3), consolidation of the exudative tuberculosis (n=4). CONCLUSION: HRCT findings of miliary tuberculosis are diffusely distributed micronodules of variable size, less than 5mm in diameter. The ground-glass opacity can be combined.
Glass ; Humans ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Pleural Effusion ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Miliary*

Epidural anesthesia is often preferred over spinal anesthesia because of it's more gradual onset of action and less precipitous hypotension. But, there may be a delay in onset and incomplete blockade at I and S1 segments due to the large size of these nerve roots. Increasing the pH of local anesthetic solution toward the physiologic range has been reported to improve the quality of neural blockade in vitro. Local anesthetic solution applied to a nerve membrane exits in two forms, nonionized free base and charged ionized cation. An increase in the nonionized fraction of local anesthetics associated with an increase in pH results in improved nerve penetration and more rapid onset time of nerve blockade. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of increase in the pH of the lidocaine solutions used for epidural administration on time of onset of sensory blockade and quality of motor blockade. One hundred ten patients having epidural anesthesia for lower extremity orthopedic procedures, perineal and lower abdominal procedures were randomly assigned to two groups and the following local anesthetic solutions were epidurally injected. Group 1 received 2 % lidocaine solution with 1; 200,000 epinephrine and group 2 received 2% lidocaine solution with 1; 200,000 epinephrine plus l mEq of NaHCO added per 10 ml of lidocaine solution. The onset of sensory blockade was measured by pin prick test, and onset time of analgesia was defined as the time between the completion of anesthetic injection and loss of pinprick sensation. Motor blockade was assessed by modified Bromage scale every 5 minutes for 30 min. Blood pressure and pulse rate were measured before epidural injection and every 5 min after injection for 30 min. Results were as follows; 1) Time to onset of anaIgesia at L1, T10, T5 S1 dermatome were significantly more rapid in group that received the alkalinized Iidocaine solution. 2) Degree of motor blockade were significantly more intense in alkalinized lidocaine group from 5 min to 25 min. 3) The decrease in systolic pressure in alkalinized group were more rapid than control group. In conclusion, when lidocaine plus epinephrine alkalinized with bicarbonate was used during epidural bloekade, quality of neural blockade was improved and onset of anesthesia and development of systolic hypotension were more rapid.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Anesthetics, Local ; Blood Pressure ; Epinephrine ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypotension ; Injections, Epidural ; Lidocaine* ; Lower Extremity ; Membranes ; Nerve Block ; Orthopedic Procedures ; Sensation

No abstract available.
Pulmonary Artery*

BACKGROUND: The most effective means of preventing chronic disease is known to be promoting health behaviors; but this is difficult because health behaviors are associated with the socioeconomic status (SES). SES is a measure of access to material resources and social resources. This study aimed to assess the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and SES after controlling for health behaviors (smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, and diet). METHODS: 24,515 participants (8,214 men, 16,301 women) older than 40 years were recruited from the 2004-2008 Korean Health Examinee Cohort. Along with MetS components, SES and health behaviors data were collected through individual interviews. SES was classified into tertiles (high, middle, and low groups) measured by education and house income levels. MetS was defined using the criteria from the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel-lll (NCEP ATP-lll, 2007). RESULTS: Among the study subjects, the prevalences of MetS were 13.8%, 17.4%, and 25.3% in the high, middle, and low SES groups, respectively. After controlling for age and health behaviors, the odds ratios for MetS in the high, middle, and low SES were 1.0, 1.54 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]=1.34-1.76), and 2.01 (95% CI=1.72-2.36), respectively, for women. This association was not seen in men. CONCLUSION: SES was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome, as with health behaviors, but only for women.
Adult* ; Cholesterol ; Chronic Disease ; Cohort Studies ; Education ; Female ; Health Behavior* ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Social Class*

BACKGROUND: The most effective means of preventing chronic disease is known to be promoting health behaviors; but this is difficult because health behaviors are associated with the socioeconomic status (SES). SES is a measure of access to material resources and social resources. This study aimed to assess the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and SES after controlling for health behaviors (smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, and diet). METHODS: 24,515 participants (8,214 men, 16,301 women) older than 40 years were recruited from the 2004-2008 Korean Health Examinee Cohort. Along with MetS components, SES and health behaviors data were collected through individual interviews. SES was classified into tertiles (high, middle, and low groups) measured by education and house income levels. MetS was defined using the criteria from the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel-lll (NCEP ATP-lll, 2007). RESULTS: Among the study subjects, the prevalences of MetS were 13.8%, 17.4%, and 25.3% in the high, middle, and low SES groups, respectively. After controlling for age and health behaviors, the odds ratios for MetS in the high, middle, and low SES were 1.0, 1.54 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]=1.34-1.76), and 2.01 (95% CI=1.72-2.36), respectively, for women. This association was not seen in men. CONCLUSION: SES was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome, as with health behaviors, but only for women.
Adult* ; Cholesterol ; Chronic Disease ; Cohort Studies ; Education ; Female ; Health Behavior* ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Social Class*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Neutrophils* ; Phagocytosis* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

Objectives: The purpose of study is to evaluate serial MR imaging of myocardial infarction using non-surgical model of myocardial infarction after percutaneous transcatheter coronary arterial embolization in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated serial pre- and post-contrast MR images with Gd-DTPA (gadolinium-diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid) of heart of the eleven mongrel dogs (immediate group (n=3), one week group (n=3), three weeks group (n=5)) after making non-surgically induced myocardial infarction. We confirmed the infarct with TTC staining and microscopically. The location and extents of the myocardial infarction were correlated. RESULTS: A total of 24 MR images were archived; 11 images of the immediate post-embolic period, 8 images of one-week follow-up, and five of 3-week follow-up images. Comparing with the signal intensity of normal myocardium, immediate post-embolic MR images showed low or iso signal intensities (SI) of the infarct area on T1-weighted images (T1WI) and high SI on T2-weighted images (T2WI). No contrast enhancement with Gd-DTPA was made in all cases of the immediate post-embolic MRI. One-week and 3-week follow-up MR images showed low or iso SI on T1WI and slight high or iso SI on T2WI. Contrast enhancement images in both one-week and 3-week follow-up MRI showed denser enhancement of infarct area in one-week follow-up. The myocardial wall thinning was seen in 5 of eight dogs after one week and in 3 of five after 3 weeks. CONCLUSION: In non-surgical animal models of myocardial infarction, MR images showed low or iso SI on T1WI, and high SI on T2WI in various stages, and contrast enhancement was maximum after one week and gradual decrease to 3 weeks. The myocardial wall thinning was seen in one-to 3-week follow-up MR images.
Animals* ; Dogs ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Heart ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Models, Animal* ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Myocardium

BACKGROUND: The most effective means of preventing chronic disease is known to be promoting health behaviors; but this is difficult because health behaviors are associated with the socioeconomic status (SES). SES is a measure of access to material resources and social resources. This study aimed to assess the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and SES after controlling for health behaviors (smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, and diet). METHODS: 24,515 participants (8,214 men, 16,301 women) older than 40 years were recruited from the 2004-2008 Korean Health Examinee Cohort. Along with MetS components, SES and health behaviors data were collected through individual interviews. SES was classified into tertiles (high, middle, and low groups) measured by education and house income levels. MetS was defined using the criteria from the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel-lll (NCEP ATP-lll, 2007). RESULTS: Among the study subjects, the prevalences of MetS were 13.8%, 17.4%, and 25.3% in the high, middle, and low SES groups, respectively. After controlling for age and health behaviors, the odds ratios for MetS in the high, middle, and low SES were 1.0, 1.54 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]=1.34-1.76), and 2.01 (95% CI=1.72-2.36), respectively, for women. This association was not seen in men. CONCLUSION: SES was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome, as with health behaviors, but only for women.
Adult ; Cholesterol ; Chronic Disease ; Cohort Studies ; Education ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Social Class