No Abstract Available.
Trabeculectomy*

PURPOSE: We investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of amniotic membrane(AM) ointment in filtering surgery of rabbits. METHODS: After filtering surgery was performed on both eyes of 10 rabbits, the AM ointment was applied over and under the scleral flap on one eye whereas base ointment excluding AM element was applied to the other as a control. The shapes of blebs were observed under slit-lamp biomicroscopy at postoperative 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks, and the tissues were excised for histologic studies. RESULTS: Serial changes of intraocular pressures had no significant difference. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy demonstrated that conjunctival blebs of AM ointment group were more elevated and cystic at 1 and 2 weeks. The heights of conjunctival blebs were significantly higher at 1, 2 and 4 weeks, and the width of scleral tracks was significantly wider at 1 and 2 weeks in AM ointment group. The number of inflammatory cells in the scleral track was significantly less at 3 days and 1 week, the number of fibroblasts in scleral track was significantly less at 2 and 3 weeks in AM ointment group. Masson s trichrome stain was less positive in AM ointment and the stain area of alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive fibroblasts was insignificant with image analysis system. Collagen type 3 appeared in scleral track from postoperative 1 week in control group, however, in AM ointment group, from 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: AM ointment is beneficial to suppress fibroblast differentiation, proliferation and inflam-matory reaction in filtering surgery and might be safe and effective adjunctive for enhancement of success in filtering surgery.
Amnion* ; Blister ; Collagen ; Fibroblasts ; Filtering Surgery* ; Humans* ; Intraocular Pressure ; Rabbits*

The authorsinvestigated the effects of UV-B and amniotic membrane graft about PRK induced inflammatory cell infiltration into corneal stroma, lipid peroxidation and keratocyte apoptosis. Total 20 white rabbits were divided into 5 groups; 1)mechanical epithelial removal, 2)epithelial removal and UV-B irradiation, 3)PRK only, 4) PRK and UV-B irradiation, 5)Amniotic membrane graft after PRK and UV-B irradiation. All corneas were harvested after 24hrs. H & E stain for PMNs infiltration, MDA immunohistochemical stain for lipid peroxidation and TUNEL stain for keratocyte apoptosis were performed. UV-B had little effect on infiltration of inflammatory cell into corneal stroma, lipid peroxidation and keratocyte apoptosis. Amniotic membrane suppressed infiltration of PMNs into corneal stroma, lipid peroxidation and keratocyte apoptosis. Environmental UV-B exposure should not be avoided after PRK. Amniotic membrane graft is beneficial to reduce keratocyte apoptosis and related corneal haze.
Amnion* ; Apoptosis* ; Cornea ; Corneal Stroma ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Inflammation* ; Lipid Peroxidation* ; Membranes ; Rabbits ; Transplants

We evaluated the safety and efficacy of photo-astigmatic refractive keratectomy(PARK) with Schwind excimer laser for one year. We performed PARK procedures on 28 eyes with compound myopic astigmatism. Twenty eight eyes were divided into two groups according to their astigmatism: low(up to -1.5D, 15 eyes), high(over -1.5, 13 eyes). Mean preoperative astigmatism was 1.17+/-0.28 in low astigmatism group and 2.67+/-0.90 in high astigmatism group. Mean one year postoperative astigmatism was 0.40+/-0.39 in low astigmatism group and 0.48+/-0.56 in high astigmatism group. Correction rate of astigmatism was 62.3% in low astigmatism group and 79.4% in high astigmatism group. Complications were loss of best corrected visual acuity 2 line or more(2 eyes), temporary increased intraocular pressure(4 eyes), over 0.25mm eccentric ablation(2 eyes). We concluded that the Schwind excimer laser PARK appeared to be a safe and relatively accurate proceudre to correct myopic astigmatism, especially predictability of astigmatism correction was very satisfactory.
Astigmatism ; Lasers, Excimer ; Visual Acuity

Many visual field indices have been used for the rapid, precise evaluation of the Humphrey automated visual field. The clinical usefulness of Pericecal Index(PI), the mean sensitivity of 11 test points around the blind spot, was studied in the diagnosis of early glaucoma. PI was calculated in 60 eyes with low tension glaucoma(LTG)[mean defect<10dB], 60 eyes with early visual field change[general reduction of sensitivity(GRS)] and in 60 normal eyes. The difference between glaucomatolls eyes and normal eyes was statistically significant(p<0.01). And also compared PI with the mean sensitivity of 11 control points, located at same eccentricity in lower field and used this as the Control Area(CA). More over, the mean sensitivity of these points in glaucomatous and normal eyes was compared. The difference between PI and CI was only statistically significant in glaucomatolls eyes. On the other hand, We found a significant difference between normal and glaucomatolls control points. Thus we concluded that PI can be the useful visual field indix for the diagnosis of early glaucoma.
Diagnosis ; Glaucoma* ; Hand ; Optic Disk ; Visual Fields*

We evaluated the acute and long term intraocular pressure(IOP) lowering effect of diode laser contact transscleral cyclophotocoagulation by applying G probe to argon laser induced high tension pigmented rabbits through the changes in IOP and histopathology. Eighteen eyes of 18 high tension pigmented rabbits were treated with diode laser contact transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (24-30 application) 0.5mm posterior to the limbus over 360degrees and the other eyes were used as controls. The rabbits were divided into 3 groups according to the energy levels of diode laser (1st group; 0.8J of energy, 2nd; 1.0J of energy, and 3rd; 1.2J of energy). There were mean decrease in IOP of 24.4%, 38.4%, and 38.7% in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd groups respectively during 5 weeks after tratment (p<0.05). After treatment, microendoscopic findings of the ciliary body revealed blenching in 1.0 and 1.2J groups. Light microscopy 1 day after treatment revealed coagulation necrosis of the pigmented and nonpigmented ciliary epithelium, congestion of vessels, thrombosis, and pigment dispersion in all energy groups, with destruction increasing in relation to power. Five weeks after treatment, atrophy and fibrosis of the ciliary nonpigmented and pigmented epithelium and stroma were observed in all groups.
Argon ; Atrophy ; Ciliary Body ; Epithelium ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Fibrosis ; Lasers, Semiconductor* ; Microscopy ; Necrosis ; Rabbits ; Thrombosis

The hydroxyapatite has been used as an orbital implant for reconstruction after enucleation or evisceration. It has been known to be a biocompatible and nontoxic implant with good fibrovascular ingrowth, few postoperative complications, excellent prosthesis motility, and good cosmesis. We performed 36 cases of hydroxyapatite implantation with enucleation or evisceration from July 1992 to August 1994. The mean follow-up period was 7.4 months(range, 4 to 13 months). There were nine cases of implant exposure. three cases of peg extrusion, three cases of superficial conjunctival wound dehiscence, and one case of granulation tissue overgrowth. There was no infection of implant. Improving the postoperative results and reducing the postoperative complications, it requires proper surgical techniques including the selection of adequate implant size and good doctor-patient relationship.
Durapatite* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Granulation Tissue ; Orbital Implants ; Postoperative Complications ; Prostheses and Implants ; Wounds and Injuries

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare three types of hernioplasty using a mesh: Lichtenstein, Mesh-plug and Prolene Hernia System. METHODS: From February 2002 to April 2007, we retrospectively studied the clinical outcome of 138 cases of adult inguinal hernia patients who had operations performed with the use of mesh. Three types of mesh operations were composed of Lichtenstein repair group (LR group; N=18), Mesh plug repair group (MR group; N=38) and Prolene hernia system group (PHS group; N=82). The Clinical features and outcomes of the three groups were compared by age, sex, operation time, lengths of hospital stay, numbers of post-operative intravenous analgesics, complications, and recurrence. RESULTS: Mean age of three groups was 50.2+/-20.7, 51.0+/-18.4 and 61.5+/-15.9 years for LR. MR, PHS groups, respectively. The PHS group was significantly older than other two groups (P=0.002). The sex, operation time and lengths of hospital stay were not significantly different among the three groups. Numbers of intravenous analgesics used after the operations were 1.7+/-1.2, 2.7+/-2.2, 3.3+/-2.0 in the LR, MR, PHS groups, respectively. A lesser amount of IV analgesics was injected into the LR group than the PHS group. Although some complications occurred such as wound infection, hematoma, dehiscence, testicular edema in the three groups, there were no significant differences among the three groups. There were no recurrences in all three groups. CONCLUSION: We could not find any better outcome among the LR, MR and PHS groups.
Adult ; Analgesics ; Edema ; Hematoma ; Hernia ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Herniorrhaphy ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Length of Stay ; Polypropylenes ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Wound Infection

The epidemiologic study to evaluate the risk factors and types of cataract had been performed in 210 cataract patients and in 103 normal controls at Chang-Nyung District, Kyung-Nam Province, from September 1995 to April 1996, using the slitlamp biomicroscopy and Scheimpflug camera(EAS-1000, Nidek, Japan). All the patients were asked to fill out a questionnaire. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The most common type of cataract in Chang-Nyung District was nucleosclerotic opacity. 2. The dominant jobs were farmer and housewife. 3. The more sunlight exposure and heavy drinker were related to nucleosclerotic opacity and smoking habit also related to peripheral cortical opacity of lens. 4. The patients with diabetes mellitus were related with posterior subcapsular opacity ; those with arthritis related with nucleosclerotic opacity. 5. The patients with long-term use of herb medicine were related with peripheral cortical and nucleosclerotic opacity ; those with corticosteroid related with posterior subcapsular opacity. 6. There was no relationship between cataractogenesis and family history of cataract and parity in female. 7. The patients with nucleosclerotic opacity preferred grain and vegetables and those with posterior subcapsular opacity, fruit, meats and coffee. In conclusion, multi-factors are involved in the cataractogenesis including age, occupation, outdoor working hours, smoking, drinking habits, systemic disease, long-term used drug, family history, parity, favorite food, etc. Each factor is considered to be related to specific type of lens opacity.
Arthritis ; Cataract* ; Edible Grain ; Coffee ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Drinking ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology* ; Female ; Fibrinogen ; Fruit ; Humans ; Meat ; Occupations ; Parity ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Sunlight ; Vegetables

The Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer and The Octopus Visual Field Analyzer in Early Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Visual field measurements are useful tool not only for diagnosis but also for management ealuation of early glaucoma. To know the relationship between the results of visual field which were performed by the Humphrey and the Octopus, the 25 disc data which have shown the general reduction of sensitivity on two continuous separate sessions in Humphrey viual field analyzer were transmitted into the Peridata Standard Printout Mode of GIX program on the Octopus 1-2-3. We compared the aspect of Bebie curve of Octopus 1-2-3 and the difference of the global indices between Humphrey and Octopus in the basically input data of age related standard sensitivity of visual field. The general reduction of sensitivity in Humphrey visual field analyzer showed the sensitivity loss in Bebie curve of Octopus 1-2-3(p<5%). In the statistical analysis of Global indices between the two field analyzers there were no differences in the MD and PSD(p>0.05) but were difference the CPSD and SF(p<0.05). In the comparison of the correlation on global indices between the two field analysis. MD and PSD were closely correlated r=0.657, PSD r=0.697, p<0.001), CPSD and SF were statistically correlated(p<0.001) but had lower correlation coefficients(CPSD r=0.478, SF r=0.389). Thus we conclude that there are little differences between the results of two field analyzers.
Diagnosis ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle* ; Octopodiformes* ; Visual Fields*