In glaucoma patients, optic nerve head analysis is very useful in early detection and progression during follow-up. Among optic nerve head analysis methods, the confocal laser tomographic scanner(Heidelberg Retina Tomograph: HRT) is actively studied for accurate and highly reproducible analysis.We analyzed the optic nerve head of 62 normal eyes(male 40 eyes, female 22 eyes) in third decade of Korean with HRT, and calculated the mean value of each parameters in HRT and evaluated the difference between men and women. We also studied the distribution fo the value of each parameter in normal third decade of Korean. In addition, for the parameters of Rim/Disc area ratio, we calculated the mean value in 6 divisions of optic nerve head.The mean value of Disc area was 2.039mm3, Cup area 0.593mm3, rim area 1.716mm3 and Cup/Disc area ratio 0.237. Rim volume, Maximal cup depth, Height variation contour, Mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and Retinal nerve fiber layer cross sectional area were statistically different between men and women. For Rim/Disc area ratio, the maximal value was noted in nasal inferior(0.873) region, and the minimal value was in temporal(0.579) region. There was no statistically difference between men and women in Rim/Disc area ratio.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Male ; Nerve Fibers ; Optic Disk* ; Optic Nerve* ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde

PURPOSE: We evaluated the microcircular changes of optic disc, peripapillary and macular area in healthysubjects who had taken Gingko biloba extract. METHODS: 10 healthy subjects (20 eyes) took Gingko biloba extract 40mg three times daily. Confocal scanning laser flowmetry (Heidelberg Retina Flowmetry, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) was used to measure the changes of microcirculation at before and after 2, 4 hours, 1 day, 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks. RESULTS: After administration of Gingko biloba extract, blood velocity, blood flow and blood volume in optic disc, peripapillary and macular area increased in all periods but statistically significant in 1 day, 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks except blood volume of macular area in 1 day. No side effects related to Gingko biloba extract were found. CONCLUSIONS: Gingko biloba extract increased microcircular blood velocity, flow, and volume in healthysubjects.
Blood Flow Velocity ; Blood Volume ; Ginkgo biloba* ; Microcirculation* ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde* ; Rheology

We observed the changes of IOP after contact transscleral cyclophotocoagualtion with Diode laser which emit 810mm beam and we tride to investigatethe suitable level and range of energy when Diode laser was applied to the refractory glaucoma patients. Fifteen eyes underwent contact transscleral cyclophotocoagulation with energy 3J(Group A, 6eyes), 4J(Group B, 9eyes) separately and intraocular pressure(IOP) was measured at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 2 month, 3 month, 4month, 5month, 6month, postoperatively. The intraocular pressure(IOP) decreasing rate was 83.02% in A group and 64.72% in B group. The success rate was 50% in A group and 66.7% in B group at 6 month postoperatively. It is suggested that contact transscleral cyclophotocoagulation with Diode laser si useful in lowering IOP in refractory glaucoma patients.
Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Lasers, Semiconductor*

We evaluated the degree of ptosis, the function of levator muscle, and postoperative interval to recovery of ptosis in 20 patients who underwent scleral buckling for retinal detachment. The MRD 1(Margin reflex distance 1), function of levator muscle by Berke method and interpalpebral fissure height were evaluated at preoperative day and 1, 3 days, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, weeks, and 6 months after surgery. The results were compared according to age, gender, extent of buckling, location of buckle. All patients were reported to develop ptosis at postoperative day one, and 20% of them showed mild ptosis persistent until 8 weeks after surgery. The decrement of MRD 1 was statistically significant until postoperative 2 weeks, but impaired function of levator muscle was statistically significant until postoperative 6 weeks(P<0.05). The postoperative interval to recovery of MRD 1 was delayed in group of old age(order than 40 years), in male and when the buckle was located under the superior rectus muscle(P<0.05). The postoperative interval to recovery of function of levator muscle was delayed in group of female, when the buckle extent was more than 180 degrees and when the buckle was located under the superior rectus muscle(P<0.05).
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Recovery of Function ; Reflex ; Retinal Detachment ; Scleral Buckling*

Atropine is known as one of the strongest cycloplegics,But its side-effects often limits its use only to the patient of strabismus and to the children below five. The purpose of this study is to find a way to apply atropine with reduced side effects. We examined twenty children below 6 years of age who are commonly considered to have strong hyperopic refractive capability or squints. Their eyes were examined 60 minutes and 90 minutes after administring a drop of atropine twice with five minutes' interval. For three days afterwards, Atropine was applied three times a day. And the results was examined with Cannon Autorefractometer. Refractive error after the single dose application(90 minutes) showed more hyperopia by +0.2 diopter than conventional three day application(P>0.05), and it has no statistical significance between the measurement after 60 and 90 minutet(P>0.15). It was also found that twenty nine eyes(72.5%) showed less than 0.5 diopter difference between both methods. No central nervous toxicity was found in both applications, while peripheral toxicity was found less in the single-dose application(10%) than conventional three-day application(30%). So for the practical purpose the refractive data evaluated after 90 minutes atropinization can be used as a basis for the prescription of glasses.
Atropine* ; Child ; Eyeglasses ; Glass ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Prescriptions ; Refractive Errors ; Strabismus

The effects of topically applied bunazosin hydrochloride, Which has been developed as a highly selective alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist, on intraocular pressure(IOP), pupillary diameter, conjunctival injection, ptosis, and blood pressure were investigated in 14 normal volunteers. It is known that the mechanism of lOP reduction appears to be an increase in uveoscleral outflow and/or a decrease in episcleral venous pressure. The purpose of this experiment is to observe the effects of 0.1 % Bunazosin(R) on the lOP, pupil size, lid, conjunctival change and blood pressure in the normal human subject. The effects of 0.1% topical bunazosin(R) have been observed with placebo-controlled, double-blind single-dose study. The drug reduced lOP for 10 hours, and the decrease was statistically significant(p value <0.05). The lOP was decreased maximally at 3 hours after the instillation of the drug and the amount of the lOP reduction was 4.2mmHg. There were no significant changes of pupil size, lid configuration, conjunctival injection, and blood pressure in this experiment.
Adrenergic Antagonists ; Blood Pressure ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Pupil ; Venous Pressure

The purpose of this study was to assess the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and PECAM-1 in allergic and chemical conjunctivitis. The allergic and chemical conjunctivitis were induced in C57BL/6 mouse by compound 48/80(C48/80) and 2% characterized clinically by blepharospasm 100%, chemosis 80%, injection AgNO3, respectively. The allergic conjunctivitis was characterized clinically by blepharospasm 100%, chemosis 80%, injection, 40%, mucous discharge 20%, but the chemical conjunctivitis by blepharospasm 80%, chemosis 60%, infection 40% and no mucous discharge at 30 minute after topical application. On the endothelial cells, ICAM-1 was expressed from 1 to 48 hours, VCAM-1 from 6 to 72 hours and PECAM-1 from 1 to 72 hours in allergic conjunctivitis. In chemical conjuctivitis, the expression of ICAM-1 was observed from 6 to 72 hours. The expression of VCAM-1 was observed from 24 and 72 hours. The expression of PECAM-1 was demonstrated from 6 to 72 hours. The expression of cell adhesion molecules, particulary VCAM-1 and PECAM-1, was slighter in chemical conjunctivitis compared to allergic conjunctivitis. In conclusion, experimental allergic and chemical conjunctivitis demonstrate that cell adhesion molecules play a role in part in ocular inflammation and that there are differences between the adhesion molecule expression of two types of confunctivitis.
Animals ; Antigens, CD31 ; Blepharospasm ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Conjunctivitis* ; Conjunctivitis, Allergic ; Endothelial Cells ; Inflammation ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Mice ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1

We studied the clinical results of trabeculetomy retrospectively. The trabeculectomy was performed in 92 patients, 106 eyes and the outcome was assessed after a minimum follow-up of 12 months. The success rat was compared among the groups which had been performed trabeculectomy only, that had used mitomycin C during operation, that had used 5-FU postoperatively and that had used both mitomycin C and 5-FU. The overall success rate is 82% at 12 months postoperatively. Compared among the groups, the success rate was 85.2% in trabeculectomy only group, 81.0% in mitomycin C group, 70.6% in 5-FU group, and 85.7% in using both mitomycin C and 5-FU group, but the success rate was statistically insignificant among the groups. The complications including shallow anterior chamber and hyphema were found in 36 eyes(34.0%).
Animals ; Anterior Chamber ; Fluorouracil ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Mitomycin ; Rats ; Retrospective Studies ; Trabeculectomy*

We evaluated the acute and long term intraocular pressure(IOP) lowering effect of diode laser contact transscleral cyclophotocoagulation by applying G probe to argon laser induced high tension pigmented rabbits through the changes in IOP and histopathology. Eighteen eyes of 18 high tension pigmented rabbits were treated with diode laser contact transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (24-30 application) 0.5mm posterior to the limbus over 360degrees and the other eyes were used as controls. The rabbits were divided into 3 groups according to the energy levels of diode laser (1st group; 0.8J of energy, 2nd; 1.0J of energy, and 3rd; 1.2J of energy). There were mean decrease in IOP of 24.4%, 38.4%, and 38.7% in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd groups respectively during 5 weeks after tratment (p<0.05). After treatment, microendoscopic findings of the ciliary body revealed blenching in 1.0 and 1.2J groups. Light microscopy 1 day after treatment revealed coagulation necrosis of the pigmented and nonpigmented ciliary epithelium, congestion of vessels, thrombosis, and pigment dispersion in all energy groups, with destruction increasing in relation to power. Five weeks after treatment, atrophy and fibrosis of the ciliary nonpigmented and pigmented epithelium and stroma were observed in all groups.
Argon ; Atrophy ; Ciliary Body ; Epithelium ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Fibrosis ; Lasers, Semiconductor* ; Microscopy ; Necrosis ; Rabbits ; Thrombosis

We investigated the outcome of needling revision with adjunctive subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) injection performed on 20 eyes of 20 consecutive glaucoma patients with failed filtering blebs. Follow-up time was 44.5+/-53.9 weeks from the first needling revision and 31.8+/-43.5 weeks from the last needling procedures. We divided the patients into the success group and the failed group depending on the change of the intraocular pressure(IOP) after needling, and analysed the multi-factors which influenced the success rate of needling by logistic regression analysis. Thirteen(65%) of the eyes were classified treatment success after 1.6+/-0.8 needling revision, with a mean intraocular presure(IOP) of 19.8+/-1.9mmHg on 1.1+/-0.9 medications, significantly lower mean IOP and number of medications than before the procedure(28.1+/-15.7mmHg [P<0.01, paired t-test]). Needling revision with adjunctive 5-FU appears to be a safe and effective means of reestablished filtration.
Blister* ; Filtration ; Fluorouracil ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Trabeculectomy*