No abstract available.
Breast Implants* ; Breast* ; Contracture* ; Pregnancy*

A case of congenital absence of right atriovntricular (A-V) connection of heart is reported. Patient was 81 day old male infant with chief complaints of dyspnea and irritability. Clinical evaluation revealed increased pulmonary vascularity on chest x-ray, absence of right A-V connection, regurgitation of left A-V valve, right-sided ventricular hypoplasia and L-TGA. Clinical assessment of the case was tricupsid atresia with LTGA and mitral regurgitation. Pulmonary artery banlding and artial septectomy was performed. Parenteral alimentation through the femoral veins resulted in obstruction of IVC and subsequent multiorgan failure. The autopsy findings of the heart were corrected transposition of great arteries with associated anomallies of right-sided mitral atresia, Ebstein's malformation of left-sided tricuspid valve, ventricular septal defect, muscular hypertrophy of right-sided left ventricle with luminal obliteration. Long segment of IVC was completely occluded due to occlusive thrombi with fungal infection. Bilateral kidneys were infarcted and azygos vein was markedly engorged. Microscopic examination revealed candidal colonization in the inferior vena cava and septic embolzation in brain.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Humans

A case of congenital absence of right atriovntricular (A-V) connection of heart is reported. Patient was 81 day old male infant with chief complaints of dyspnea and irritability. Clinical evaluation revealed increased pulmonary vascularity on chest x-ray, absence of right A-V connection, regurgitation of left A-V valve, right-sided ventricular hypoplasia and L-TGA. Clinical assessment of the case was tricupsid atresia with LTGA and mitral regurgitation. Pulmonary artery banlding and artial septectomy was performed. Parenteral alimentation through the femoral veins resulted in obstruction of IVC and subsequent multiorgan failure. The autopsy findings of the heart were corrected transposition of great arteries with associated anomallies of right-sided mitral atresia, Ebstein's malformation of left-sided tricuspid valve, ventricular septal defect, muscular hypertrophy of right-sided left ventricle with luminal obliteration. Long segment of IVC was completely occluded due to occlusive thrombi with fungal infection. Bilateral kidneys were infarcted and azygos vein was markedly engorged. Microscopic examination revealed candidal colonization in the inferior vena cava and septic embolzation in brain.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Humans

PURPOSE: The Aim of this study was to find the value of intravesical permeability of potassium as a diagnostic measure of the interstitial cystitis and to find importance of intravesical mucosal layer by intravesical instillation of potassium chloride solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 20 patients with interstitial cystitis and 20 normal subjects without UTI, frequency and urgency underwent intravesical challenge with 40ml water and 40ml of 400meq/L potassium chloride solution. After 5 minutes, patients were asked about increase or decrease of urgency or suprapubic pain and subjective response of urgency or suprapubic pain were recorded on a scale of 0 to 5. RESULTS: Neither normal subjects nor patients with interstitial cystitis reacted to water administered intravesically. There was marked sensitivity to intravesical potassium in 85% of patients with interstitial cystitis versus 10% of normal controls (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Diffusion of urinary potassium ion into the bladder interstitium may induce sensory symptoms, damage the tissue and be a major toxic factor in the pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis. Intravesical potassium sensitivity can be a reliable method for detecting abnormal epithelial permeability and useful diagnostic test for interstitial cystitis.
Administration, Intravesical ; Cystitis, Interstitial* ; Diagnosis* ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Diffusion ; Humans ; Permeability* ; Potassium Chloride ; Potassium* ; Urinary Bladder ; Water

No abstract available.
Humans ; Insemination* ; Spermatozoa*

PURPOSE: To compare the characteristics of optical coherence tomography in eyes with treatment-naïve typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration (typical nAMD), polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), and retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP). METHODS: One hundred fifty-three eyes newly diagnosed with exudative AMD were retrospectively collected. All study eyes were classified into three subtypes: typical nAMD, PCV, and RAP. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was measured using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Central macular thickness (CMT) and other OCT features including intraretinal cystoid fluid and subretinal fluid were also evaluated in all eyes. SFCT, CMT and other OCT features were compared among the three subtypes of exudative AMD. RESULTS: Seventy-four eyes with typical nAMD, 55 eyes with PCV, and 24 eyes with RAP were included. SFCT was significantly thickest in PCV and thinnest in RAP (p < 0.001). RAP showed the thickest CMT and the highest frequency of intraretinal cystoid fluid (p = 0.004, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with exudative AMD, different characteristics of OCT were observed according to the three subtypes. Identification of OCT characteristics could help differentiate the subtypes of exudative AMD.
Choroid ; Humans ; Macular Degeneration* ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Subretinal Fluid ; Tomography, Optical Coherence*

Asthma is a common, chronic respiratory disease which is a serious issue for healthcare worldwide. When treating asthma, the main therapeutic goals are to achieve good control of symptoms and to prevent exacerbation. The interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental triggers contributes to the pathophysiology of asthma. In this regard, there is growing public awareness of the risk associated with poor indoor air quality. Because people spend considerable amounts of time every day indoors, it is important to identify and control risk factors in the indoor environment impacting individuals susceptible to asthma for successful treatment and prevention. Along with particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, and second-hand smoke are the most common types of air pollutants encountered indoors. This review highlights epidemiological and experimental data on the role of indoor air pollution in the development and aggravation of asthma. Despite some studies showing significant associations between exposure to indoor air pollution and asthma morbidity, conflicting conclusions are drawn in the literature because of limitations in study design, variation in the methods for assessing exposure, possible confounding factors, and other issues. This review will improve our understanding and facilitate the establishment of a better strategy for asthma management and prevention.
Air Pollutants ; Air Pollution ; Air Pollution, Indoor* ; Asthma* ; Carbon Monoxide ; Delivery of Health Care ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Nitrogen Dioxide ; Ozone ; Particulate Matter ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Sulfur Dioxide ; Volatile Organic Compounds

In situ extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL) monotherapy was performed in 75 cases with ureteral stones using the Modulith SL 20 electromagnetic lithotriptor between December 1990 and July 1991. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The locations of stones were upper ureter in 36 (48%) cases, midureter in 4 (5.3%) and lower ureter in 35 (46.7%). 2. The average number of ESWL was 1.27 sessions. 3. The number of ESWL sessions increased in accordance with increment of stone size. 4. The success rate was 97.2% in upper ureteral. 100% in midureteral, and 97.1% in lower ureteral stones. 5. The final success rate according to stone size was not significantly different. 6. Success rate decreased relatively in cases of complete ureteral obstruction by stones. Therefore, in situ ESWL monotherapy is considered to be a convenient safe, and efficient procedure as the first applicable method for the treatment of all ureteral stones regardless of stone size and location, because the multiple repeated ESWL monotherapy increases the success rate without ureteral deterioration.
Magnets ; Shock ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction

BACKGROUND: The treatment strategy for primary spontaneous pneumothorax has progressively changed with the introduction of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). Recently, we modified the strategy of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. If the patient had mild dyspnea and the lung was minimally collapsed, 2 mm thoracoscopic examination was performed. If no bleb or bullae was inspected, the intrathoracic air was evacuated through the 2 mm thoracoscopic troca without closed thoracostomy. and if the bleb and bullae was noted, the 10 mm thoracoscopic bullecotomy was carried out immediately and also application of fibrin glue was substituted for pleural abrasion. We compared the clinical outcomes of modified treatment strategy with conventional strategy in primary spontaneous pneumothorax. MATERIAL ANDMETHOD: Patients were divided into four groups. Group I (n=21) underwenet 2 mm thoracoscopic examination. Group II (n=68) underwent closed thoracostomy. Group III (n=56) underwent VATS and application of fibrin glue. Group IV (n=87) underwent VATS and pleural abrasion. The duration of chest tube drainage, the duration of hospitalization and the recurrence rate were compared between group I and group II and between group III and group IV. RESULT: Mean age, sex, location of pneumothorax were not different in all groups. In group I, the bleb or bullae were existed in 12 patients. In remaining 9 patients, the bleb or bullae was not inspected. The mean duration of hospitalization in 9 patients were 2.1+/-1.0 day and in group II were 3.9+/-2.1 day (p=0.014). There was 1 case of recurrence among the 9 patients in group I and 26 recurrences in group II (p=0.149). The mean duration of chest tube drainage were not difference in group III and IV (group III: 2.8+/-1.8 day, group IV: 3.0+/-2.5 day). The mean duration of hospitalization was shorter in group III than group IV (group III: 5.6+/-2.7 day, group IV: 7.3+/-3.3 day)(p=0.002). There was no recurrence in group III and 7 recurrences in group IV (p=0.043). CONCLUSION: Our modified treatmen strategy of primary spnontaneuous peumothorax was effective in short hospital course and low recurrence rate.
Blister ; Chest Tubes ; Drainage ; Dyspnea ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive* ; Fibrin* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Lung ; Pneumothorax* ; Recurrence ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted ; Thoracoscopy ; Thoracostomy

BACKGROUND: High 2-[18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) is a prognostic factor for poor survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially in Stage I. We determined whether the high FDG uptake value of a primary tumor was associated with recurrence and death in patients with resected Stage I and Stage II NSCLC. METHODS: We identified consecutive patients who underwent complete surgical resection for Stage I and II NSCLC between 2006 and 2009, who had preoperative PET-CT, and reviewed clinical records retrospectively. FDG uptake was measured as the maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) for body weight. Patients were divided into two groups based on SUVmax: (i) above or (ii) below the cut-off value (SUVmax=5.9) determined by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: Of 57 patients who were enrolled consecutively, 32 (56%) had Stage I NSCLC and 25 (44%) had Stage II. The 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) for patients with high (> or =5.9) and low (<5.9) SUVmax were 31% and 57%, respectively (p=0.014). The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 39% and 60%, respectively (p=0.029). In univariate analyses, SUVmax (p=0.014), T staging (p=0.025), and differentiation of tumor tissue (p=0.034) were significantly associated with RFS. But, multivariate analyses did not show that SUVmax was an independently significant factor for RFS (p=0.180). CONCLUSION: High FDG uptake on PET-CT is not an independent prognostic factor for poor outcomes (disease recurrence in patients with resected Stage I and II NSCLC).
Body Weight ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Electrons ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; ROC Curve